我军健康教育及健康促进的现状、问题和对策

健康教育及健康促进为保证我军官兵健康和提高部队战斗力发挥了重要作用。目前健康教育及健康促进存在业务工作未形成系统、各部门协调不利、健康教育内容相对陈旧、缺乏有效的监督激励机制等问题。对此提出针对性改进措施和对策,以促进部队健康教育工作的深入发展,更好地为增强文明卫生素养和提高部队战斗力服务。     

坚持三个结合深入开展健康教育

目的：通过开展健康教育,使官兵的身体、心理和社会生活处于最佳的适应状态。方法：针对基层部队健康教育工作实际,提出了健康教育必须坚持三个结合,即坚持把健康教育与行为养成相结合,促进由知到行的统一;坚持把硬件建设与软件建设相结合,打牢健康教育的基础;坚持把身体健康与心理健康教育相结合,适应医学模式的转变。结果：通过采取以上措施,全面推进了基层部队健康教育的深入开展,增强了官兵的健康意识,促进了民兵健康行为的养成,有效控制和降低了部队发病率,提高了官兵健康水平和部队战斗力。结论：通过健康教育工作实践,总结分析提出的健康教育措施和经验有较好的实用性、可行性,为部队开展健康教育提供了可借鉴经验。     

浅谈构建部队官兵健康教育评价指标体系构建

部队和官兵的健康教育质量,会直接影响部队的全面建设以及部队战斗力的生成。部队官兵健康教育有利于提高部队官兵的健康素养,增强部队官兵的健康意识,促进部队官兵的全面建设与发展,提升部队整体的健康水平和战斗力。因此,构建适合我军的健康教育评价指标体系是非常必要的。本文主要从如何构建健康教育评价指标体系、健康教育评价指标权重系数的确定以及有关健康教育评价指标体系的相关研究三方面对其进行了描述。     

分兵施教 深化部队健康教育

如何深化部队健康教育，是当前部队健康教育工作者讨论的热门话题。笔者认为，在部队官兵中循序渐进，按需施教，分兵分训和统筹安排，是把握军人群体特殊性，满足官兵的健康需求，促进部队健康教育深化发展的关键所在。     

某区部队官兵健康知识和健康需求调查

目的 了解某区部队官兵健康相关知识、保健态度、精神状态和需求状况,为制定官兵健康教育计划提供科学依据.方法 根据健康四大基石和部队实际情况编制调查问卷,对某区部队4116名官兵进行健康知识和健康需求调查.结果 该区部队官兵有较强的自我保健意识和保健态度,但对于高血压的诊断标准、不良生活习惯对健康的影响等方面知识比较缺乏;在控制饮食、加强运动、戒烟控酒方面部分官兵存在不良行为和习惯;大部分官兵对自己的心理精神状态满意.结论 在部队开展健康教育,应以健康四大基石为理念,加强健康知识宣教,着重行为干预,培养官兵良好的生活方式和习惯.     

应用特尔菲法筛选评价基层军医健康教育工作指标

为了科学评价基层部队军医健康教育工作， 采用特尔菲法筛选出６ 个特异性好、易操作的指标。即单位官兵健康知识合格率、单位官兵健康行为养成率、单位炊事人员卫生知识及行为合格率、军医个人卫生行为、单位官兵对军医的满意率、单位领导对健康促进和健康教育知晓率。应用这一成果， 有助于对基层军医实行科学管理， 提高部队健康教育质量     

北京军区健康教育工作深入扎实：北京军区疾病预防控制中心健康教育科

北京军区疾病预防控制中心健康教育科本着面向部队．为基层服务的思想．根据全区卫生防病工作需要．制定健康教育计划并组织实施，开展健康教育研究和创作，了解部队官兵的卫生知识水平和自我保健能力．科室充分发挥健康教育指导中心的职能作用，利用光盘、报刊、美术、摄影、展板等官兵喜闻乐见的健康教育形式做了许多深入、扎实、有效的健康教育工作．     

某部抓好分散点部队健康教育工作的几点做法

目的 抓好分散部队健康宣传教育,增强官兵自我保健能力,提高部队战斗力。方法 结合部队实际,回顾3年来工作实践,分析具体措施的成效,总结抓好健康教育的做法。结果 总结出抓好分散点部队健康教育工作的3点做法：(1)加大宣传力度,提高思想认识;(2)讲究方式,注重实效;(3)健全制度,抓好落实。采取这些做法,官兵卫生意识及心理素质明显增强,提高了分散点官兵的健康水平,保障了部队的战斗力。结论抓好分散点部队的健康教育是降低部队发病率的的重要手段,是促进部队整体健康水平的有效方法。     

军队开展健康教育的探讨

向广大官兵开展健康教育,提高个体和群众健康素质,增强部队战斗力,促进社会主义精神文明和部队正规化建设都具有重大意义。     

军队基层健康教育现状调查

目的掌握军队基层健康教育实施情况及官兵健康知识、态度、行为现状,为有针对性的指导部队健康教育和健康促进工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,从军队各军区、各军兵种抽取56个基层部队的4263名官兵,用自行设计的“全军健康教育调查问卷”对其所在单位的健康教育实施及个人健康知识、态度、行为情况进行调查。结果分别有80．49％、69．30％、69．99％、54．36％和22．80％的人依次接受了2小时以上新兵健康教育课、2小时以上的继续健康教育课、住院病员健康教育、2小时以上的军校健康教育课和专题健康教育课;官兵健康知识总知晓率为76．70％,健康态度正确持有率为90．35％;健康行为持有率为60．57％;兵龄、职别、兵源地和学历是影响部队官兵健康知识知晓率的因素。结论军队基层健康教育在健康知识的传播方面成效显著,专题健康教育、康复健康教育、继续健康教育时间保证不足。     

Ecosystem health and human health

The study of ecosystem health is a relatively recent discipline that has already provided new insights into numerous aspects of environmental management. One of the most interesting fields of study is the one investigating the relationships between ecosystem and human heath. In this paper some basic terms of reference are given in order to help the understanding of this new approach. One definition of ecosystem health is given, possible causes of degradation are indicated and links with human health are addressed. The ecosystem approach to human health stresses the importance of cultural and social values in shaping the concept of health, both at human and at ecosystem level. Two case-studies showing man-ecosystem interactions are described: mining activities, that provide a suitable field of application of the ecosystem approach, and the case of malaria and DDT, that shows the risks of certain policies neglecting basic human expectations such as health. As a conclusion, some suggestions for possible research activities are given and a few recommendations for sound public health policies are indicated.     

Communicating health through health footprints

The depth and scale of challenges posed by noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are now well known and clearly documented. Reducing the 4 key risk factors has been shown to reduce premature mortality and morbidity by 70% globally. The authors consider how affirmative action can be driven to reduce these risk factors through Health Footprints, targeted interventions within specific domains of consumption, on the basis of an assessment of the negative health effect of specific choices, with the goal of driving healthy choices and improving health. In this article, the authors propose a methodology that ties together insight from public health, behavioral economics, marketing, and health communication. They offer 3 specific examples for affirmative action: a Pigovian tax on unhealthy foods, group-level interventions on the basis of sharing key health data, and personalized prevention tailored to specific individuals. In addition, they discuss the approach to implementation, including the role of an apex coordinating organization in setting standards for data and ethics, and evaluation of the effect of interventions to drive continuous improvement.     

Community health and foot health

The limiting factor in health and mobility for many seniors is the state of their feet. The origins of their foot problems can often be traced back to childhood and years of wearing badly fitting or inappropriate footwear. Well-fitting footwear is essential if mobility and independence are to be retained. The chiropodist (or podiatrist) is a health professional specializing in the treatment of conditions of the foot. Some common foot conditions, together with their treatments, are described. Although numbers of chiropodists in Canada are limited, their role is being increasingly recognized in maintaining or restoring mobility, and also their place in the community health team.     

Oral health and systemic health

Certain cancers, hypertension, diabetes, leukemia, gastrointestinal disorders, osteoporosis, and HIV and other infectious diseases can manifest themselves in the oral cavity. In addition, some of these conditions and the therapies for them can affect the teeth and mouth. This article outlines what physicians should know about how certain medical conditions and medications can affect dental health and treatment, how dentists can help detect underlying medical conditions, and how the two professions can better serve patients by working together. placement of implants, periodontal surgery, endodontic treatment, or subgingival manipulation. Physicians should be aware of potential complications from dental treatment, inform patients of the risks, and communicate to the patient's dentist about the patient's physical status, the extent to which his or her condition is under control, and how to prevent complications. The following examples illustrate the need for such interaction between physicians and dentists.