西尼莫德中间体N-(4-环己基-3-三氟甲基苄氧基)乙亚氨酸乙酯的合成

以4-溴-3-三氟甲基苯胺(2)为起始原料,经重氮化氰基取代后水解得到4-溴-3-三氟甲基苯甲酸(4),4经酯化后用Red-Al甲苯溶液还原得4-溴-3-氟甲基苄醇(5),5与1-环己烯硼酸发生偶联反应得4-环己-1-烯基-3-三氟甲基苄醇(6),6经钯炭加氢得4-环己基-3-三氟甲基苄醇(7),7用氢溴酸溴代,然后与...     

HBV衣壳蛋白抑制剂GLS4的合成工艺研究

目的优化HBV衣壳蛋白抑制剂GLS4合成方法。方法以D-乳酸乙酯和双乙烯酮为原料制备(R)-1-乙氧基-1-氧代丙-2-基-3-氧代丁酸酯(3),3与2-噻唑-甲脒盐酸盐、2-溴-4-氟苯甲醛制备得到(R)-(R)-1-乙氧基-1-氧代丙-2-基-4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-6-甲基-2-(噻唑-2-基)-1,4-二氢嘧啶-5-羧酸酯(6),6与乙醇锂反应得到(R)-4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-6-甲基-2-(噻唑-2-基)-1,4-二氢嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯(7),7经NBS溴化后与吗啉反应得到目标化合物GLS4。结果与结论 GLS4结构经MS、~1H-NMR谱确证,并对其进行了旋光测定。该路线合成总收率为36.7%,较文献收率提高了12.5%,优化后的工艺各步反应条件温和,原料成本降低,可为工业化生产提供参考。     

普卢利沙星的合成

用3,4-二氟苯胺制得6,7-二氟-4-羟基-2-甲氧甲硫基喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯,在乙醇中与盐酸反应得到巯基化合物后,经与1,1-二碘乙烷环合、与哌嗪缩合、酸性水解得到6-氟-1-甲基-4-氧代-7-(1-哌嗪基)-1H,4H-[1,3]硫氮杂环丁烷并[3,2-a]喹啉-3-羧酸,最后与由3-羟基-2-丁酮和三光气反应后溴代得到的4-溴甲基-5-甲基-1,3-二噁环戊烯-2-酮缩合,得到氟喹诺酮类抗菌药普卢利沙星,总收率26%(以3,4-二氟苯胺计).     

依则替米贝的合成工艺改进

目的改进降血脂药依则替米贝的合成工艺。方法以对羟基苯甲醛为起始原料,经羟基保护、缩合、环合3步反应制得中间体trans-1-(4-氟苯基)-3-(2-氯甲基)-4-(4-苄氧基苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(4);以对氟扁桃酸为起始原料,经还原、溴代、羟基保护3步反应得到中间体(R)-α-三甲基硅氧基-4-氟苯基溴乙烷(7);中间体4和7经偶联反应得到目标产物依则替米贝。结果与结论中间体和目标物的结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证,总收率为3.4%(以对羟基苯甲醛计)。新合成路线起始原料价格低廉、操作简便、收率高、反应条件温和,适合工业化生产。     

(S)-5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[(3-氯-4-取代胺甲基)苯基]-2-噁唑烷酮的合成及抗菌活性

3-氯-4-甲基苯胺经氯甲酸苄酯酰化、与（R）-正丁酸缩水甘油酯环合、甲磺酰化、叠氮化、叠氮还原成胺、氨基乙酰化、苄位溴化得（固-5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[（3-氯-4-溴甲基）苯基]-2-噁唑烷酮（Ⅷ），后者与胺类化合物进行取代反应生成（D-5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[（3-氯-4-取代胺甲基）苯基]-2-噁唑烷酮。35个新化合物的结构经^1HNMR、元素分析或MS确证，并测定了它们的体外抗菌活性，发现化合物113对金葡菌和表葡菌的活性与吗啉噁酮相当。11和113对肠球菌的活性优于诺氟沙星。     

阿瑞吡坦

[通用名称]aprepitant，阿瑞吡坦；[商品名]Emend；[化学名称]5-[[（2R，3S）-2-[（1R）-1-[3，5-二（三氟甲基）苯基]乙氧基]-3-（4-氟苯基）4-吗啉基-]甲基]-1，2-二氢-3H-1，2，4-三氮唑-3-酮基;[性状]白色或微白色晶体，不溶于水，微溶于乙腈，可溶于乙醇，相对分子质量为534．43。     

西他列汀合成路线图解

西他列汀（sitagliptin,1）,化学名为（2R）-4-氧代-4-[3-三氟甲基-5,6-二氢[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡嗪-7（8H）-基]-1-（2,4,5-三氟苯基）-丁-2-胺,是美国Merck公司研发的二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ（DPP-Ⅳ）抑制剂,2006年10月,其磷酸盐（商品名Januvia）作为首个DPP-Ⅳ抑制剂被美国FDA批准上市，临床用于治疗2型糖尿病。1有一个手性中心，其构型为R型，合成关键主要为杂环3-三氟甲基．[1，2，4]三唑[4，3．α]哌嗪（9）的制备和手性的引入。     

盐酸瑞伐拉赞的合成

对氟苯胺与氨基氰反应得到的N-（4-氟苯基）胍碳酸盐,经脱酸、与α-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯闭环和氯代反应制得关键中间体4-氯-2-（4-氟苯胺基）-5,6-二甲基嘧啶（4）。另用苯乙胺与乙酰氯经酰胺化后闭环和还原反应制得1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉（7）。4和7经缩合、成盐得到抗溃疡药盐酸瑞伐拉赞,总收率约60%（以对氟苯胺计）。     

5-氨基-8-甲氧基-喹诺酮类的合成及其体外抗菌作用

以1-环丙基-6，7-二氟-8-甲氧基-1，4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯为起始原料依次经过硝化、还原和水解三步反应制得5-氨基-1-环丙基-6，7-二氟-8-甲氧基-1，4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸，然后分别与2（R）-（-）／2（S）-（＋）或2（R，S）-甲基哌嗪缩合，得到3种目标化合物（5a、5b和5c）。测定它们对20株临床分离和标准革兰阴性菌和标准革兰阳性菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果表明，5a和5b的体外抗菌活性与外消旋体5c基本相当。     

比阿培南的合成

水合肼经缩合、烯丙基化、脱保护后甲酰化、溴加成、环合、取代、醇解、氧化、去甲酰化、环合、还原得到6，7-二氢-6-巯基-5H-吡唑并[1，2-a][1,2，4]三唑鎓氯化物（12），收率12％。12与（4R，5S，6S）-3-二苯氧磷酰氧基-6-[（1R）-1-羟乙基]-4-甲基-7-氧代-1-氮杂二环[3．2．0]庚-2-烯-2-羧酸对硝基苄酯（13）经缩合、脱保护得到比阿培南，收率67．5％（以13计）。     

Isolation of (4R)-4-[(E)-2-butenyl]-4-methyl-L-threonine, the characteristic structural element of cyclosporins, from a blocked mutant of Tolypocladium inflatum

By mutagenic treatment of a strain of Tolypocladium inflatum, a cyclosporin non-producing mutant was obtained which accumulated the characteristic building unit of cyclosporins, (4R)-4-[(E)-2-butenyl]-4-methyl-L-threonine (abbreviation Bmt; systematic name: (2S,3R,4R,6E)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-octenoic acid) in free form. The isolation from a culture filtrate was performed by extraction, chromatographic separation and final crystallization from methanol - water. The structure and stereochemistry of this amino acid was determined by chemical transformation and correlation to dihydro-MeBmt, with known chirality [(2S,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-methylamino-octanoic acid], obtained by hydrolysis of dihydrocyclosporin A.     

Structural identification and characterization of impurities in ceftizoxime sodium

Ceftizoxime sodium is a parenteral beta-lactamic antibacterial drug. In the synthesis of ceftizoxime sodium, eight process related impurities were detected in HPLC analysis. Pure impurities obtained by both synthesis and preparative HPLC were co-injected with ceftizoxime sample to confirm the retention times in HPLC. The impurities were characterized as, (6R,7R)-7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity I); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-1-oxo-4-carboxylic acid (impurity II); (4RS,6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino) acetamido]-3,4-dihydro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity III); (6R,7R)-7-[(E)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity IV); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-N-(3-cephem-4-carboxy-7-yl)-4-carboxamide (impurity V); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-[[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino]thiazol-4-yl]-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity VI); 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (impurity VII) and 2-mercapto benzothiazolyl [(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino] acetate (impurity VIII). Structural elucidation of all impurities by spectral data ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS and IR) has been discussed.     

头孢匹胺的合成

目的 研究头孢匹胺的合成工艺。 方法 (R)2-(6-甲基-4-羟基吡啶-3-羰基)-氨基]-2-(4-羟基苯基)乙酸乙酯(NPA-Et)经水解、成盐得到(R)2-(6-甲基-4-羟基吡啶-3-羰基)-氨基]-2-(4-羟基苯基)乙酸钠( NPA-Na)。NPA-Na与7-TMCA,即：(6R,7R)3-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-硫代甲基)-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸)缩合得头孢匹胺粗品,再成三乙胺盐,转酸,得到头孢匹胺成品。结果 第一步收率84.6%,第二步收率69.3%。结论     

The structure of manumycin. III. Absolute configuration and conformational studies

Chromic acid oxidation of manumycin (1), an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces parvulus (strain Tü 64), led to the isolation of 2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-2-pentenoylamino)-5,6-epoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (3) and (-)-(R)-2-methylhexanoic acid (4). From the absolute configuration of 4, determined by comparing its optical rotation with published data, follows the absolute configuration at the center of chirality in the diene side chain of manumycin (1) to be (6'R). Based on the direct comparison of the CD spectra of the two chromic acid oxidation products 2 and 3 with those of the antibiotic G7063-2 (5) and (-)-terreic acid (6) the stereochemistry at C-5 and C-6 of 1 was determined as (5R, 6S). From the negative CD-couplet of manumycin (1) its stereochemistry at C-4 was assigned as (4R).     

Synthesis and analgesic activity of 2-methyl-2-[1-(3-benzoyl-4-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridyl)]acetic acid methyl esters, acetic acids, and acetamides.

A group of 2-methyl-2-[1-(3-benzoyl-4-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridyl)]acetic acid methyl esters (7), weak acetic acids (8), and acetamides (9) were designed for evaluation as less acidic non-ulcerogenic non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this respect, the model compound 2-methyl-2-[1-(3-benzoyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl)]acetic acid (8a), unlike traditional arylacetic acid NSAIDs, was shown to be a weak acid with a pKa of 9.17. In contrast to arylacetic acid NSAIDs, the alpha-methylacetic acid sodium salt of 8a, or the methyl alpha-methylacetate ester (7a) did not inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) or -2 (COX-2). In vitro stability studies showed that the methyl alpha-methylacetate ester (7a) acts as a prodrug to the alpha-methylacetic acid derivative (8a), undergoing rapid (< 10 minutes) and quantitative conversion upon incubation with rat plasma, or incubation with rat liver homogenate (t1/2 = 25 min). In contrast, the alpha-methylacetamide (9a) underwent negligible (< 2%) conversion to the alpha-methylacetic acid derivative (8a) upon incubation with either rat plasma, or rat liver homogenate, for incubation times up to 24 h. The effect of a C-3 para-substituted-benzoyl substituent (R1 = H, Cl, Me), a C-4 substituent (R2 = aryl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, alkyl), and the nature of the N1-acetic acid moiety [methyl ester (R3 = OMe), acetic acid (R3 = OH), acetamide (R3 = NH2)] on analgesic activity was determined using the 4% NaCl-induced abdominal constriction (writhing) assay. Compounds 7-9 inhibited writhing 27-95% relative to the reference drug aspirin (58% inhibition). The analgesic potency with respect to the para-benzoyl substituent was H > Cl or Me. Although the effect of the C-4 R2-substituent on analgesic activity was variable within the ester, acid and amide sub-groups of compounds, compounds having a R2-cyclohexyl substituent generally provided superior analgesic activity relative to those having a lipophilic alkyl substituent. The nature of the R3-substituent (OMe, OH, NH2) was a determinant of analgesic activity where the potency order was acetic acid methyl ester > acetic acid or acetamide, except when the C-4 R2-substituent was cyclohexyl or benzyl where the potency order was acetamide > acetic acid methyl ester or acetic acid. Reduction of the 5,6-olefinic bond of the 1,4-dihydropyridyl compound (9a, 94% inhibition) to the corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyidyl derivative (10, 69% inhibition) reduced analgesic activity.     

法罗培南钠的合成

（3R，4R）-4-乙酰氧基-3-[（1R）-（叔丁基二甲基硅氧基）乙基]氮杂环丁-2-酮与（R）-四氢呋喃-2-硫代羧酸经缩合、酰化、Wittig反应、脱保护、水解等反应制得青霉烯类抗生素法罗培南钠，总收率约37％。     

Synthetic studies of 1-beta-methylcarbapenem antibiotics

The diastereoselective synthesis of the 1-beta-methylcarbapenems, (1R,5R,6S)-6-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-((S)-1-acetimidoylpyrrolidin-3 - ylthio)-1- methyl-1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid and sodium (1R,5R,6S)-6-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(5-chloro-2-oxobenzoxazolin-3- y l)-1- methyl-1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate has been achieved. The key step was an aldol reaction between the achiral boron enolate which was generated from dibutylboron triflate and 3-propionyl-2-oxobenzoxazoline, and (3R,4R)-4-acetoxy-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)azetizin-2-one.     

酒石酸阿福特罗的合成

对羟基苯乙酮经硝化、保护、溴代、BH3/CBS催化还原、环合得(R)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-硝基苯基)环氧乙烷(7)。另用对甲氧基苯丙酮与(R)-α-苯乙胺经不对称还原胺化得(R)-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-N-[(R)-1-苯基乙基]-2-丙胺(10)盐酸盐。7与10经缩合、还原、甲酰化、脱苄、成盐得长效β2-肾上腺素受体激动剂酒石酸阿福特罗(1),总收率约15%(以对羟基苯乙酮计)。     

NMDA antagonist activity of (+/-)-(2SR,4RS)-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid resides with the (-)-2R,4S-isomer.

The tetrazole-substituted amino acid (+/-)-(2SR,4RS)-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)pip eri dine-2-carboxylic acid (LY233053, (+/-)-1) was resolved into its constituent enantiomers by treatment of a key intermediate in the synthesis of the racemic amino acid, ethyl (+/-)-cis-4-(cyanomethyl)-N-allylpiperidine-2-carboxylate, with either 2S,3S- or 2R,3R-di-p-toluoyltartaric acid. These resolved amines were then converted as for the racemate to the amino acids (-)-1 and (+)-1. The activity of this potent and selective NMDA antagonist was found to reside with the (-)-isomer of 1 (LY235723). X-ray crystallographic analysis of the 2S,3S-di-p-toluoyltartaric acid salt of ethyl cis-4-(cyanomethyl)-N-allylpiperidine-2-carboxylate showed that the resolved amine, and thus (-)-1, possessed the 2R,4S absolute stereochemistry. Affinity for the NMDA receptor was determined using the specific radioligand [3H]-(2SR,4RS)-4-(phosphonomethyl)piperidine-2-carboxylic acid ([3H]CGS 19755; IC50 = 67 +/- 6 nM), and selective NMDA antagonist activity was determined using a cortical slice preparation (IC50 versus 40 microM NMDA = 1.9 +/- 0.24 microM). This compound also demonstrated potent NMDA antagonist activity in vivo following systemic administration through its ability to block NMDA-induced convulsions in neonatal rats, NMDA-induced lethality in mice, and NMDA-induced striatal neuronal degeneration in rats.     

A new structural class of subtype-selective inhibitor of cloned excitatory amino acid transporter, EAAT2

We have studied the pharmacological effects of (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) and the enantiomers of (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-1,2, 5-thiadiazol-4-yl)propionic acid (TDPA) on cloned human excitatory amino acid transporter subtypes 1, 2 and 3 (EAAT1-3) expressed in Cos-7 cells. Whereas AMPA and (R)-TDPA were both inactive as inhibitors of [3H]-(R)-aspartic acid uptake on all three EAAT subtypes, (S)-TDPA was shown to selectively inhibit uptake by EAAT2 with a potency equal to that of the endogenous ligand (S)-glutamic acid. (S)-TDPA thus represents a new structural class of EAAT2 inhibitor that will serve as a lead for the design of EAAT selective inhibitors.