姜黄素对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响

目的 探讨姜黄素对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠模型的影响及其可能机制.方法 将30只大鼠随机分为3组,每组10只:假手术组、模型组、姜黄素组.模型组和姜黄素组行右侧输尿管接扎术,假手术组只游离不接扎.术后第14天处死各组中的大鼠,股动脉取血,检测血清肌酐、尿素氮;留取梗阻侧肾脏,Maason染色观察肾间质纤维化程度,免疫组织化学方法测定TGF-β1、CTGF的表达情况,RT-PCR技术榆测肾组织TGF-β1 mRNA、CTGF mRNA表达.结果 姜黄素降低了BUN、Scr的含量,同时姜黄素显著减少了大鼠肾间质TGF-β1、CTGF的表达,并有效改善了肾脏的病理学损伤.结论 姜黄素对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠有较明显的保护作用,这可能与其能减少大鼠肾间质TGF-β1、CTGF的表达有关.     

JAK-STAT通路在小鼠单侧输尿管梗阻模型肾间质纤维化中的作用

目的 探讨Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶-信号转导子和转录激活子(JAK-STAT)通路在小鼠单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)模型.肾间质纤维化过程中的作用.方法 选用30只雄性Balb/c小鼠建立小鼠UUO模型(n=24)和假手术小鼠(n=6),术后第1、4、7和14天检测JAK-STAT磷酸化情况.另把18只雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为假手术组、UUO模型组和治疗组,每组各6只.治疗组在建模前2 h开始给予选择性JAK2抑制剂AG490治疗,每天1次;模型组仅注射溶媒.术后第14天处死动物.组织学评估肾小管损伤和.肾间质纤维化程度;免疫组化检测肾脏巨噬细胞浸润和α-SMA表达;RT-PCR检测Ⅲ型胶原和单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)1 mRNA表达;Western印迹检测JAK2和STATl磷酸化.结果 JAK2-STAT1在UUO模型中被激活,其磷酸化水平与病情、肾小管组织学损害以及.肾间质纤维化相一致.AG490能显著抑制JAK2和STAT1的磷酸化(P＜0.01).AG490治疗显著减轻肾小管损害[(21.7±1.7)%比(49.4±1.0)%]和肾间质纤维化(1.0±0.1比2.3±0.2)、α-SMA表达(0.9±0.1比2.1±0.2)和巨噬细胞积聚[(13.3±1.6)细胞/HPF比(34.4±1.0)细胞/HPF](均P＜0.01).AG490治疗显著抑制Ⅲ型胶原和MCP-1 mRNA表达.结论 JAK-STAT信号通路在肾小管间质炎性反应和纤维化中发挥重要作用.     

Inhibition of Src kinase can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Src kinase in renal interstitial fibrosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, including sham operation group (n=8), sham operation+PP2 group (n=8), UUO operation group (n=8) and UUO operation+PP2 group (n=8). The mice were injected 2 mg/kg PP2 by intraperitoneal everyday after surgery in sham+PP2 group and UUO+PP2 group. PP2 dissolved in 1% DMSO (formulated with normal saline). Sham and UUO group were given equal 1% DMSO. The mice were sacrificed at 7th day. Renal collagen was observed with Sirius red stain. The activities of Src, protein kinase B (PKB, AKT), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) were detected by Western blotting. The expression of collagen I (COLⅠ) was detected by immunohistochemistry and the expressions of matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with sham mice, UUO mice on 7th day displayed obvious renal fibrosis. Meanwhile, UUO mice had increased expressions of COLⅠ and FN, and activities of AKT, ERK and p38 MAPK (all P＜0.05). Their renal expressions of α-SMA, TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 were also raised (all P＜0.05). Compared with those in UUO group, in UUO+PP2 group the activities of Src, AKT, p38 MAPK and ERK, and expressions of TGF-β1, MCP-1 and IL-6 decreased (all P＜0.05). Additionally, expressions of COLⅠ, FN and α-SMA, collagen deposition and renal fibrosis receded in UUO+PP2 group (all P＜0.05). However, the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were not influenced by PP2 treatment. Conclusions Src kinase promotes myofibroblasts accumulation and inflammatory reaction through activating its downstream signaling pathway in the progressing of renal interstitial fibrosis.     

Effects of renal sympathetic denervation on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction

Objective To observe the influence of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on renal interstitial fibrosis and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO). Methods 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into UUO group (A group, n=10), sham UUO group (B group, n=10), RSD+UUO group (C group, n=10) and RSD+sham UUO group (D group, n=10). Rats in A group and C group underwent unilateral ureteral ligation, while those in B group and D group underwent sham operation. Rats in C group and D group were followed by RSD. Rats were sacrificed at 21 days after the operation to evaluate the fibrosis by Masson staining. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of collagen I (COL-I), collagen Ⅲ(COL-Ⅲ) and TGF-β1 in four groups. The expression of miR-21 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Results A large amount of collagen deposition was observed in the renal interstitial area in A and C group compared to either B or D group (P＜0.05), but the change in C group was decreased significantly than that in A group (P＜0.05). Similarly, the expressions of COL-I, COL-Ⅲ, TGF-β1 and miR-21 were obviously higher in A and C group compared to either B or D group (P＜0.05), but those change in C group were decreased significantly than those in A group (P＜0.05). The above indexes were not significantly different between B group and D group (P＞0.05). Conclusion RSD may relieve the renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats, and down-regulate the expression of TGF-β1 and miR-21.     

雌激素对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的保护作用

目的探讨雌激素对单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用。方法雌性SD大鼠30只，随机分为4组：Ⅰ组对照组；Ⅱ组生理雌激素组；Ⅲ组低雌激素组；Ⅳ组高雌激素组。UUO术后21d处死各组大鼠，光镜观察梗阻肾组织病理变化，并分别用免疫组化和RT-PCR方法检测各组肾组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和金属蛋白酶1组织抑制剂（TIMP-1）的表达。结果低雌激素组间质纤维化病变最明显，高雌激素组病变显著减轻（P〈0．01）。与生理雌激素组相比，低雌激素组α—SMA和TIMP-1蛋白和基因的表达增加（P〈0．05）；高雌激素组上述物质表达则减少（P〈0．05）。结论雌激素可能通过抑制α-SMA和TIMP-1的表达进而减少细胞外基质的沉积而发挥肾保护作用。     

内质网应激相关凋亡途径参与单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化

目的 探讨内质网应激（ERS）相关凋亡途径在单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）大鼠肾间质纤维化发生、发展中的作用。 方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠25只,按随机数字表法分为UUO模型组（n=18）和假手术组（n=7）,UUO模型组行左侧输尿管结扎术,假手术组仅分离输尿管不结扎,分别于术后3 d、7 d、14 d处死各组大鼠,行HE和Masson染色,观察肾脏病理变化;比色法测定肾组织羟脯氨酸（HYP）含量;免疫组化法检测α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）;原位末端标记法（TUNEL）与DNA电泳观察肾小管间质细胞凋亡情况;RT-PCR法检测梗阻侧肾组织ERS相关分子葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）mRNA表达变化;Western印迹法分析凋亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸天门冬氨酸蛋白酶3（caspase-3）和GRP78的蛋白表达变化。 结果 与假手术组比较,UUO模型组肾脏病理改变加重,肾间质纤维化程度随梗阻时间延长逐渐加重,肾组织HYP含量显著升高（P < 0.05）,肾组织α-SMA也在肾小管间质细胞广泛表达,TUNEL染色及DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳提示大量的肾小管间质细胞凋亡。UUO模型组GRP78 mRNA表达于术后3 d即发生显著上调,而蛋白表达在术后7 d开始出现显著变化,与假手术组差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.01）;在此后观察期间内GRP78 mRNA和蛋白均持续高水平表达。模型组大鼠肾组织caspase-3的蛋白表达在UUO术后3 d即有显著上调（P < 0.05）,且随着梗阻时间延长进行性升高,于术后7 d、14 d增多更为显著,与假手术组差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。相关分析显示GRP78蛋白表达与肾组织HYP含量和caspase-3蛋白表达均呈正相关（r = 0.657,P < 0.01;r = 0.714,P < 0.01）。 结论 UUO早期即可诱导ERS标志蛋白表达变化,触发ERS。长期ERS可诱导肾小管间质细胞凋亡;caspase-3介导的ERS相关凋亡途径可能参与了肾间质纤维化过程。     

Effect of intermedin on microvascular injury of unilateral ureteral obstruction rats

Objective To observe the effect of intermedin(IMD) on microvascular injury of renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model. Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the sham - operation group (n=24) underwent the left ureteral dissection, the other 48 rats were made as unilateral ureteral obstruction models and sub - divided into model group(UUO, n=24) and IMD group (n=24). At the 7, 14, 21, 28 day after the operation, 6 randomly - selected rats from each of the three groups respectively were blooded by abdominal arotic and their obstructive kidneys were taken out. The renal histopathological changes were observed through HE and Masson staining, the contents of BUN, Scr and cystatin C (CysC) of the obstructive kidneys were determined, the expressions of transforming growth factor - β1 (TGF - β1), α-SMA, bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), E-cadherin, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by RT - PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, the pathological changes of kidney in the model group showed that the degree of fibrosis was obvious, tubular interstitial damage aggravated, the levels of BUN, Scr, CysC in the model group increased (P＜0.05), the mRNA expression and protein content of TGF-β1, α-SMA, TSP-1 increased (P＜0.05), while the levels of BMP-7, E-cadherin and VEGF decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the UUO group, renal tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis in the IMD group were lighter, the levels of BUN, Scr, CysC in the IMD group were lower (P＜0.05), the mRNA expression and protein content of TGF-β1, α-SMA,TSP-1 were down-regulated (P＜0.05), while the levels of BMP-7, E-cadherin and VEGF were up-regulated (P＜0.05). Conclusion IMD can ameliorate the renal interstitial fibrosis, and the mechanism may be related to the fact that VEGF mediated by IMD can reduce vascular injury.     

Protective effect of emodin on renal interstitial fibrosis in mice of unilateral ureteral obstruction via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of emodin (EM) in renal interstitial fibrosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, including sham operation group (n=8), UUO operation group (n=8), UUO operation+losartan (LST) group (n=8) and UUO operation+EM group (n=8). The mice in each group were ingested the suspensions by gavage for 14 days after surgery. Mice in UUO+LST and UUO+EM groups were given 10 mg?kg-1?d-1 LST and 20 mg?kg-1?d-1 EM, respectively. LST and EM were mixed with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Mice in sham group and UUO group were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The mice were sacrificed at the 14th day. Interstitial fibrosis was observed by HE, Masson and PAS stain. Real-time PCR was used to detect LC3, Beclin-1 and mTOR mRNA. Protein expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, E-cadherin, LC3, Beclin-1, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. The autophagy was observed with transmission electron microscopy in the renal tissue. Results Compared with sham mice, UUO mice at the 14th day displayed obvious renal fibrosis. Meanwhile, UUO mice had increased expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA (all P＜0.01), and decreased expressions of E-cadherin (P＜0.01). Their renal expressions of PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were also raised (all P＜0.01). Compared with those in UUO group, in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group, expressions of autophagy protein LC3 and Beclin-1 were increased (all P＜0.01), and the number of autophagic was increased. Additionally, expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA were reduced in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group (all P＜0.01), while the expression of E-cadherin was increased by emodin treatment (P＜0.05). And expressions of PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were decreased in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group (all P＜0.05), meanwhile renal tissue fibrosis significantly reduced. Conclusions Emodin can promote autophagy, ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis and protect renal function through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.     

intermedin对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响

目的 观察intermedin( IMD)对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠40只,按随机数字表法分为假手术组(n=10,行左输尿管分离术)、模型组(UUO,n=10)、氯沙坦组(n=10)和IMD组(n=10),后3组行左输尿管结扎术.各组大鼠分别于术后第14、21天随机选取5只,腹主动脉采血并留取梗阻侧肾组织之后处死.HE、Masson染色观察肾组织病理变化;比色法测定血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)及新鲜肾组织羟脯氨酸(Pro)含量;免疫组化方法检测肾组织中转化生长因子β1 (TGF-β1)、IMD的表达水平,并进行半定量分析.结果 与假手术组相比,不同时间点UUO组血BUN、Scr、肾组织Pro含量及TGF-β1、IMD的阳性表达均显著升高(P＜0.05);与UUO组相比,氯沙坦组血BUN、Scr、肾组织Pro含量及TGF-β1、IMD表达均降低(P＜0.05),IMD组除IMD表达增加外,其余均降低(P＜0.05).结论 IMD可减轻UUO肾间质纤维化,改善肾功能,其机制可能与拮抗纤维化炎性介质TGF-β1有关.     

大剂量洛沙坦对单侧输尿管梗阻模型肾间质炎性反应和纤维化的影响

目的 观察血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂洛沙坦对大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）模型肾间质纤维化的影响，探讨大剂量能否优于常规剂量起到更多的肾脏保护作用及其可能机制。 方法 建立大鼠UUO模型术后3 d，大鼠被分为常规剂量治疗组、大剂量治疗组、手术组和假手术组。大剂量治疗组和常规剂量治疗组每天分别给予洛沙坦50 mg/kg、500 mg/kg灌胃，假手术组及手术组每天给予同体积生理盐水灌胃。观察大鼠模型第7、14和21 天鼠尾袖带血压（TCP）、尿蛋白量（24 h）、肾小管损害百分比、肾间质纤维化程度（INT）、肾间质巨噬细胞数和转化生长因子（TGF）β1 mRNA的表达。 结果 随着梗阻时间延长，手术组TCP逐渐增高，尿蛋白量（24 h）、INT、肾小管损害程度及肾间质巨噬细胞浸润显著增加，TGF-β1 mRNA含量明显增加，与其余各组相比差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。同时，相对于常规剂量组，大剂量治疗组能更有效的减少蛋白尿，减轻肾小管损害和肾间质纤维化，减少肾间质单核巨噬细胞浸润，显著抑制TGF-β1 mRNA表达（P < 0.05）。 结论 大剂量洛沙坦在UUO大鼠模型中较常规剂量起到了更多的肾脏保护作用，削弱炎性细胞与AngⅡ之间正反馈的恶性循环可能是其机制之一。     

与大鼠肾间质纤维化相关microRNA的初步研究

目的 观察microRNA(miRNA)在单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠模型中的表达,筛选与肾间质纤维化(RIF)相关的miRNA.方法 将48只SD大鼠分为UUO组和假手术组(Sham组),时间点为术后3d、7d、14 d.Masson染色观察肾脏病理.茎环实时定量PCR检测48条miRNA在肾组织的表达.结果 术后第3天,UUO组可见灶状肾间质水肿和单个核细胞浸润 ;术后第7天,灶状间质纤维化 ;术后第14天,显著间质纤维化.Sham组肾脏未见明显病变.相对于Sham组,UUO组在术后3d、7d和14 d分别有25条、24条和21条miRNA的表达差异有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).其中有5条miRNA(miR-132、miR-192、miR-194、miR-29c和miR-203)在术后3、7和14 d一致上调或下调,且与肾小管间质病变程度相关(均P＜0.05).结论 在大鼠UUO模型的RIF过程中20多条miRNA存在差异表达,提示miRNA可能参与RIF的发生发展过程.miR-132、miR-192、miR-194、miR-29c和miR-203与大鼠RIF关系密切,值得进一步研究.     

Effect of macrophage polarization on interstitial fibrosis in mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction model

Objective To investigate the effect of macrophage polarization on tubulointerstitial fibrosis of mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) model. Methods Twelve male C57BL/6J mice were employed, each of which with an age of 8 to 10 weeks. UUO model was established with these mice with the method of unilateral ureteral ligation. Mice were then sacrificed on the 7th and 14th day respectively after operation, and renal tissue specimens were obtained. The authors detected collagen deposition by Masson staining, and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) as well as collagen type I (Coll-1) mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR. The authors also detected the degree of renal interstitial macrophages infiltration and expression changes of polarization by immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared with the mice that were observed on the 7th day after operation, the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis in mice observed on the 14th day after operation was comparatively serious, the difference shown by semi-quantitative results was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Moreover, mice observed on the 14th day after operation have more M2 macrophages, the difference between two groups of mice was statistically significant (P＜0.05). On the contrary, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of M1 macrophages infiltration between these two groups of mice. Conclusions In the renal interstitial fibrosis model induced by UUO, the degree of macrophage infiltration increased significantly, mainly resulted from M2 macrophage infiltration, suggesting that M2 macrophages were involved in the formation of renal fibrosis.     

NADPH氧化酶抑制剂apocynin对大鼠糖尿病肾小球细胞外基质代谢的影响

目的探讨NADPH氧化酶亚基p22phoxmRNA在糖尿病大鼠肾脏表达时间模式及抑制NADPH氧化酶活性对肾小球细胞外基质(ECM)代谢的影响。方法链脲佐菌素诱导的大鼠糖尿病模型随机地分为糖尿病非治疗组(DM),观察12周;NADPH氧化酶抑制剂apocynin治疗组(DM+Apo,0.2g·kg-1·d-1),疗程8周。用RT-PCR检测肾脏NADPH氧化酶亚基p22phoxmRNA的表达。免疫组织化学检测肾脏纤连蛋白(FN)表达。白明胶酶谱法(zymography)检测肾脏基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的活性。并测定Scr、尿蛋白量和肾重指数。结果DM组肾脏p22phoxmRNA的表达在4、6和8周时较正常对照组(C)明显升高(P<0.05);12周时降低至正常水平。DM+Apo组肾脏p22phoxmRNA的表达与DM组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但可显著逆转由糖尿病导致的肾小球体积、肾小球FN表达、肾小球ECM含量、Scr、尿蛋白量和肾重指数的升高(P<0.05),并显著提高肾脏MMP-9活性(P<0.05)。结论NADPH氧化酶的过度表达在糖尿病肾病(DN)发病的早期阶段起重要作用。抑制NADPH氧化酶活性的治疗措施可减少DN肾小球ECM积聚、延缓DN的发生和发展。     

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides alleviate kidney injury and oxidative stress in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats

Objective To investigate the effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on oxidative stress in renal tissue of rats with renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Methods The RIF rat model was established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). A total of 108 specified pathogen free (SPF) class healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, UUO model group and treatment group. The treatment group was further divided into low, medium and high dose of LBP groups and benazapril group. From the next day of the operation, the rats were given continuous intragastric administration for 3 weeks. The LBP low, medium and high dose groups were given 400, 600, 800 mg?kg-1?d-1 LBP, respectively. The benazapril group was administered with 1.05 mg?kg-1?d-1 benazepril hydrochloride. The sham operation group and UUO model group were daily fed normal saline solution by gavage. Six rats were sacrificed randomly at 7, 14 and 21 days after operation. Their blood samples were collected to detect the serum creatinine (Scr) and the kidney organ index was calculated. The pathological changes on the surgical side were observed by both HE staining and Masson staining. Meanwhile, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the renal tissue were detected by colorimetry detection. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was detected by real time PCR. Results (1) Compared with the sham group, the Scr and kidney organ index of the UUO model group and treatment groups increased at each time point (all P＜0.05). Compared with the UUO model group, the kidney organ index of LBP low dose group in the 7th days, the LBP medium and high dose group in the 21st days as well as benazapril group in the 7th and 21st days were significantly lower (all P＜0.05). (2) Renal pathological change: compared with the sham operation group, both the renal tubular interstitial injury index and collagen positive area of the else groups were higher at each time point (all P＜0.05). Compared with the UUO group, the tubulointerstitial injury index and collagen staining positive area of LBP dose groups and benazapril group significantly decreased at different time points (all P＜0.05). (3) Compared with the sham group, in renal tissue of the other groups the level of MDA increased, SOD level decreased, while the expressions of TGF-1 mRNA and protein increased (all P＜0.05). Compared with the UUO model group, LBP low, medium and high dose group as well as benazapril group had lower MDA level, higher SOD level as well as lower expressions of TGF-1 mRNA and protein at each time point (all P＜0.05). Conclusions The pathological injury in UUO rats can be improved by the LBP. The LBP can alleviate the oxidative stress status of the kidney tissue by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD. The further study on the LBP delaying the progression of RIF is to be conducted.     

Triptolide attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction

Aim: Extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. have been used to treat glomerulonephritis for more than 30 years in China. Most of the anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities of these extracts can be attributed to triptolide (Trip). The present study was to investigate the effect of Trip on renal interstitial fibrosis in a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Methods: UUO or sham‐operated rats were randomly assigned to receive mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), Trip or vehicle and were killed on days 7 and 14 after UUO or sham operation. Kidney specimens were fixed for immunohistochemistry for myofibroblasts (α‐smooth muscle actin, α‐SMA), macrophages (ED‐1), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and osteopontin. Interstitial collagen deposition and amounts of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) were determined by Sirius red staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The mRNA expression of TGF‐β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), MCP‐1 and osteopontin were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: The scores for the density of α‐SMA‐ and ED‐1‐positive cells, the staining of MCP‐1 and osteopontin, interstitial collagen deposition and amounts of TGF‐β1 were significantly reduced by MMF or Trip. MMF or Trip significantly reduced the mRNA expression of TGF‐β1, CTGF, MCP‐1 and osteopontin. Conclusion: Trip significantly attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat UUO model and the effect of Trip on renal fibrosis was similar to that of MMF. Trip may be useful as a potential candidate in the treatment of renal fibrosis.     

替普瑞酮对大鼠梗阻性肾病间质纤维化的影响

目的探讨替普瑞酮（GGA）对大鼠梗阻性肾病模型（UUO）肾间质纤维化的影响和可能机制。方法15只SD大鼠随机分成3组：假手术组、UUO模型组和GGA治疗组，每组5只。从建立UUO模型前1d开始，GGA治疗组和模型组分别给予400mg／kgGGA和溶媒（0．05％阿拉伯树胶＋0．008％维生素E）灌胃，每天1次，术后第7天处死大鼠。常规染色观察肾脏组织病理改变。间接免疫荧光和Western印迹检测肾脏E-钙黏蛋白（E—cadherin）和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的水平。TUNEL染色和PCNA免疫组织化学染色分别观察肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡和增生情况。结果GGA能诱导肾脏特异性高表达热休克蛋白72（HSP72）。与UUO模型组相比，GGA治疗组肾小管损伤和肾问质纤维化的程度明显减轻『肾小管损害百分比（48．7％±1．3％比65．8％±7．3％）；肾间质损害分值（0．40±0．08比1．36±0．50），P均〈0．05】；E—cadherin蛋白水平增加，α-SMA蛋白水平降低（P均〈0．05）；每高倍视野中TUNEL阳性和PCNA染色阳性的细胞数显著减少（分别为6．78±1．25比2．81±0．63，57．61±5．42比17．66±1．38，P均〈0．05）。结论GGA可能通过抑制肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡，延缓大鼠梗阻性肾病肾间质纤维化的进程。     

Wnt-7a蛋白抑制单侧输尿管梗阻小鼠肾脏上皮细胞-间充质细胞转分化

目的 观察Wnt-7a蛋白对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)模型小鼠肾脏纤维化的拮抗作用.方法 18只雄性C57BL/6小鼠按随机数字法分为假手术组、UUO模型组和Wnt-7a蛋白治疗组,每组6只.于术后7d处死小鼠,留取梗阻侧肾组织,行Masson染色观察肾间质纤维化程度;免疫组化染色检测肾组织E-钙黏蛋白、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白( α-SMA)、波形蛋白的表达;Western印迹法测定肾皮质中E-钙黏蛋白和 α-SMA的表达.结果 术后第7天,与假手术组相比,模型组体质量显著下降(P＜0.05),肾组织间质纤维化相对面积显著增多(P＜0.05),肾组织α-SMA及波形蛋白的表达显著增加(P＜0.05),E-钙黏蛋白表达显著减少(P＜0.05).与模型组相比,Wnt-7a蛋白治疗组体质量无明显改变(P＞0.05),肾组织间质纤维化相对面积显著减少(P＜0.05),α-SMA及波形蛋白的表达显著减少(P＜0.05),E-钙黏蛋白表达显著增高(P＜0.05).结论 Wnt-7a蛋白可以抑制肾脏上皮细胞,间充质细胞转分化的发生而减轻肾脏纤维化.     

单侧输尿管梗阻后肾间质纤维化的产生机制及依那普利对其调节作用

目的：研究单侧输尿管梗阻后肾间质纤维化发生机理及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂依那普利对其的调节作用。方法采用单侧输尿管结扎模型,造模５ｄ后用免疫组织化学法观察梗阻肾间质Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原,α－平滑肌肌动蛋白（α－ＳＭＡ）的表达,Ｔ淋巴细胞浸润数;用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）法观察梗阻肾组织转化生长因子β１（ＴＧＦ－β１）ｍＲＮＡ、组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制物－１（ＴＩＭＰ－１）ｍＲＮＡ的表达,结果模型     

Triptolide inhibits the tubulointerstitial fibrosis in rats of unilateral ureteral obstruction by up-regulating Ski expression

Objective To investigate the effects of triptolide on tubulointerstitial fibrosis in rats kidneys with the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) by examining the expression of collagen type Ι (Col-Ι), Ski, Smad3, TGF-β1. Methods Sixty male SD rats were divided into three groups: Sham operation group (Sham group), UUO group and triptolide (0.2 mg•kg-1•d-1) treatment group. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), pathological changes were measured. Col-Ι, Ski and Smad3 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Protein and mRNA expressions of Ski, Smad3, TGF-β1 were assessed by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Results Compared with Sham group, Scr and BUN increased significantly in UUO group (P＜0.05). Interstitial fibrosis was prominent and renal interstitial injury score increased significantly in UUO group (P＜0.05). The expressions of Col-Ι and Smad3 were increased in UUO group (P＜0.05). Compared with Sham group, the protein expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 were increased, the Ski protein was decreased in UUO group (P＜0.05). In triptolide group, the morphological changes were notably reduced (P＜0.05). Comparison with UUO group, triptolide could increase the protein and mRNA expressions of Ski significantly, and decreased the protein and mRNA expressions of Smad3 and TGF-β1 (P＜0.05). Conclusion Triptolide can reduce the tubulointerstitial fibrosis by up-regulating Ski, and down-regulating TGF-β1 and Smad3.