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1.
目的分析自体动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula,AVF)使用的相关因素,为延长血液透析患者AVF使用寿命提供理论依据。方法采用回顾性调查研究,选取2004年10月至2017年6月在南昌大学第一附属医院行AVF手术并使用其进行维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)的患者为研究对象,探讨AVF使用寿命的影响因素。通过问卷调查、查阅医院病历系统和血液透析记录单等方式,记录患者的一般资料、透析资料和实验室指标。根据内瘘功能状态将患者分为失功组及通畅组,对比两组资料之间的差异。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析AVF使用寿命的影响因素,Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线。结果共纳入研究对象187例,内瘘失功组47例,通畅组140例,两组患者在糖尿病占比、血浆白蛋白水平、尿酸水平、甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)水平之间的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,糖尿病(HR=9.348,95%CI 3.507~24.918,P<0.001)和低白蛋白血症(HR=12.650,95%CI 2.925~54.714,P=0.001)是AVF使用寿命短的危险因素。Kaplan-Meier分析结果显示,合并糖尿病MHD患者AVF使用寿命明显短于未合并糖尿病的MHD患者(Log-rankχ2=13.191,P<0.001);低白蛋白血症的MHD患者AVF使用寿命明显短于无低白蛋白血症的MHD患者(Log-rankχ2=13.591,P<0.001)。结论糖尿病及低白蛋白血症是AVF使用寿命短的危险因素,应积极制定干预方案,延长AVF的使用寿命。 相似文献
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目的回顾性分析我科透析中心维持性血液透析患者血浆白蛋白(albumin,Alb)及波动与患者不良事件发生的关系。方法纳入符合条件的129例血液透析患者,以住院或死亡定义为不良事件。以该研究人群的平均血浆白蛋白(meanserul serumin,Albmean)水平为标准,计算患者单次血浆白蛋白水平相对Albmean的变化值即波动。以标准差SDAIbmean=√∑(xi—Albmean)。/N-1表示。使用卡方检验,Kaplan-Meier法及COX比例风险回归进行统计分析。结果(1)Alb—mean≤40g/L组不良事件发生率明显高于〉40g/L组(P:0.037)。(2)SDA1bmean≤3.0g/L组不良事件发生率明显低于〉3.0g/L组(P=0.01)。(3)将患者分为4组,Alb≤40g/L+SDAlbmean〉3.0g/L组不良事件发生率明显高于其他3组(P=0.008)。与Alb〉40g/L+SDAlbmean≤3.0g/L组比较,Alb≤40g/L+SDAlbmean〉3.0g/L组患者有3.2倍高的不良事件发生风险。结论Albmean及SDAlbmean与维持性血液透析患者不良事件发生相关。当血液透析患者Albmean〉40g/L及SDAIbmean≤3.0g/L时可能有利于减少不良事件发生。 相似文献
3.
目的评估体位性低血压(OH)对维持性血液透析患者预后的指示意义。方法分析评估2004—2007年62例维持性血液透析患者OH与其他因素导致患者死亡的关系。参试患者进入试验时一般状态稳定,每次血液透析治疗前连续进行5次血压测定。OH定义:从卧位变为立位后肱动脉收缩压下降大于20mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)或舒张压下降大于10mmHg。结果62例患者中,35.5%(22/62)存在不同程度的OH。在平均(35.0±47.6)周(1~140周)的随访期间,共记录到7例患者死亡。使用多变量COX比例危险率回归模型分析表明患者年龄、存在OH和既往有脑血管基础疾病史是患者远期预后(死亡)的独立预测因素。同时,使用Kaplan—Meier生存分析法判断所有参试患者存在和不存在OH的远期预后,发现差异均有统计学意义。结论血液透析患者开始出现OH是标志患者远期预后(各种原因导致死亡)的独立指示因素。 相似文献
4.
Zheng Ke Hou Bo You Hui Yuan Jing Wang Haiyun Wang Ying Ye Wenling Qin Yan Song Dan Li Lei Chen Zhichun Zhu Lili Zhou Zijuan Yang Wei Zhao Haiyin Chen Limeng Zhu Yicheng Li Mingxi Cui Liying Feng Feng Li Xuemei. 《中华肾脏病杂志》2015,31(4):277-282
Objective To investigate cerebrovascular lesions on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, including types of cerebrovascular disease, and cognitive function changes. Methods A cross-sectional study was applied. A total of 270 MHD patients at hemodialysis center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were screened, and finally 117 cases were enrolled. Demographic information, aboratory data, MRI and MRA data were collected and assessed. Cognitive function was evaluated with C - MMSE (Chinese mini mental test examination) and C - MoCA (Chinese montreal cognitive assessment). The related factors were selected by Spearman correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and logistic regression analysis. Results The patients’average age was (56.0± 12.5) years, average hemodialysis age was (73.5±60.8) months. Only 5.1% patients had clinical history of cerebral infarction or hemorrhage. Pre - hemodialysis blood pressure was (142.7/80.3±18.2/12.9) mmHg, Post-hemodialysis blood pressure was (130.2/79.1±23.4/14.9) mmHg. A total of 18.8% patients had intra-hemodialysis hypotension, spKt/V was (1.45±0.25). MR results showed that 12.0% patients had cerebral artery stenosis, 5.1% patients had cortical infarcts, 39.3% patients had lacunar infarcts, 47.0% patients had microbleeds, 7.7% patients had chronic hematoma, 52.1% patients had abnormal brain whiter matter lesions (WMLs). In cognitive function evaluation, 20.9% patients had abnormal C-MMSE scores, but 65.2% patients had abnormal C-MoCA results. Multiple linear regression showed age (b=0.059, P<0.01), dialysis age (b=0.005, P<0.05) were associated with WMLs in MHD patients. Intra-hemodialysis hypotension was an independent risk factor of lacunar infarcts (b=2.123, P<0.01) and microbleeds (b=3.531, P<0.01). Low serum albumin level was an independent risk factor of cognitive decline (b=0.314, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed pre - hemodialysis systolic blood pressure was an independent risk factor of cortical infarcts [OR=1.088, 95%CI (1.018-1.152), P< 0.05]. Gender, dialysis age and pre - dialysis serum TCO2 level were related with chronic hematoma. Conclusions WMLs is related with dialysis voltage. Lacunar infarcts and mirobleeds are related with intra - hemodialysis hypotension. Lacunar infarcts, WMLs and nutritional status are contributed to decline of cognition in MHD patients. 相似文献
5.
目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者发生肾性贫血的危险因素,分析其与血氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT⁃proBNP)的相关关系。方法选取2018年8月至2018年11月期间在复旦大学附属华山医院接受MHD 3个月以上、病情稳定的患者为研究对象。按照血红蛋白(Hb)水平分为贫血组和非贫血组。回顾性收集患者一般资料、观察期内实验室检查及透析相关资料。Pearson相关分析法分析贫血指标与透析相关指标、血NT⁃proBNP水平的相关性;逐步多元线性回归法分析MHD患者发生贫血的危险因素。结果共160例MHD患者入选本研究,年龄(63.11±11.35)岁,男79例(49.4%),女81例(50.6%)。患者透析龄(118.01±82.32)个月,血红蛋白(110.09±13.48)g/L,NT⁃proBNP水平中位数为3985 ng/L。贫血组73例(45.6%),非贫血组87例(54.4%),贫血组血NT⁃proBNP水平显著高于非贫血组(t=-3.714,P<0.001)。MHD患者血红蛋白水平与每周透析时间(r=0.228)和血白蛋白(r=0.349)呈正相关,与血NT⁃proBNP水平呈负相关(r=-0.318);血细胞比容与每周透析时间(r=0.283)、血清钙(r=0.317)、血磷(r=0.264)、白蛋白(r=0.513)呈正相关(均P<0.05)。逐步多元线性回归分析结果显示,低血白蛋白、高NT⁃proBNP水平是MHD患者发生肾性贫血的独立危险因素。结论MHD患者NT⁃proBNP水平升高与血红蛋白水平降低相关,低血白蛋白、高NT⁃proBNP是MHD患者发生贫血的危险因素。提示肾性贫血的治疗需要考虑改善营养不良和高容量等因素。 相似文献
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Objective To prospectively evaluate the risk factors for the decline of residual renal function (RRF) in new peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods A total of 84 new PD patients in our PD center were included in this study. Clinical comprehensive assessment were made, and regression models was established to analyze the relationship between the decline of RRF and clinical indicators, which included the rate of peritonitis, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, urine volume, 24 h urinary protein, serum albumin, C-reactive protein(CRP), history of diabetes mellitus, and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) drugs, cardiac functional grading, sodium and water retention and biochemical indicators. The primary outcome was defined as two consecutive urine volume ≤100 ml/24 h. Results The mean follow-up time was (11.7± 1.1) months, primary outcome occurred in 20 patients, accounting for 23.8%, and their average period progressed to the primary outcome was (10.5±2.0) months. The 20 patients had higher ultrafiltration volume [(551.6±328.2) ml vs(294.1±288.0) ml, P=0.001], higher systolic blood pressure [(145.2±16.5) mmHg vs (136.0±13.8) mmHg, P=0.016], worse cardiac functional grading [(1.7±0.8) vs (1.3±0.4), P=0.000], more serious water-sodium retention [(1.0±0.7) vs (0.6±0.5), P=0.012], higher peritonitis rates (35.0% vs 4.7% ,P=0.000), lower Kt/V [(1.7 ± 0.4) vs (2.0 ± 0.3), P=0.003], lower hemoglobin levels [(89.0±14.9) g/L vs (99.5±17.8) g/L, P=0.020], higher C - reactive protein levels [(19.4±34.4) mg/L vs(8.7±12.6) mg/L, P=0.017], higher Scr levels [(1 004.6±291.1) μmol/L vs (753.1± 254.3) μmol/L, P=0.000], lower serum calcium levels[(1.86±0.1) mmol/L vs (2.02±0.2) mmol/L, P=0.000], higher serum phosphorus [(2.1±0.6) mmol/L vs (1.6±0.4)mmol/L, P=0.001] and higher calcium phosphorus product [(3.8±1.1) mmol2/L2 vs (3.1±0.8) mmol2/L2, P=0.010] as compared with those of the patients without the primary outcome. Based on the results of multivariable Cox regression analysis, ultrafiltration volume, cardiac functional grading, peritonitis, Kt/V and serum phosphorus level contributed to the decline of RRF significantly. Conclusion The higher Kt/V in PD patients plays a protective role, the higher ultrafiltration volume, the worse heart function, the more peritonitis rate and higher serum phosphorus predict more rapid declination of RRF. 相似文献
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Yu Haibo Jiang Aili Wei Fang Wang Lihua Dong Hongye Chen Haiyan Bi Xueqing Wang Zhe Meng Jia Li Bo Zhang Ruining. 《中华肾脏病杂志》2015,31(8):579-582
Objective To investigate the use of vascular access and complication incidence in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Tianjin. Methods Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the third level of first-class hospital in Tianjin were investigated. The investigate method was live interview. Two thousand six hundred and fifty-one cases were available. Basic data, age of dialysis, type of vascular access, age of vascular access and complications were recorded. The differences in clinic data and complications between patients using arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and central venous catheter (CVC) as vascular access were compared. Results There were 2047 (77.22%) patients using AVF as vascular access, 559 (22.59%) patients using tunnel type central venous catheter, and 5 (0.19%) patients using arteriovenous graft (AVG) for maintenance hemodialysis. Most patients used temporary catheter as the first vascular access [2484(93.70%)]. Compared to AVF, CVC had high incidence of thrombosis and infection in the first four years (P=0.003). Conclusions AVF remains the first choice for maintenance hemodialysis. Most patients use AVF as their vascular access. The second preferred choice is CVC. The management of late chronic kidney disease should be enhanced to avoid the high usage of temporary catheter. 相似文献
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目的:探讨腹膜通透性类型与腹透长期存活的关系。方法:测定71例腹透病例透析初期(3个月内),以及其中18例持续腹透超过4年的病例透析初期和远期(4年以上)的腹膜平衡试验(PET),计算并分析各种腹膜通透类型长期生存概率,及长期存活病人腹膜通透性的变化情况。结果:71例病人透析初期各种腹膜通透类型的比例辚高转运23.94%,高平均转运39.44%,低平均转运26.76%和低转运9.86%,18例持续腹透超过4年的病例中,高或高平均转运各2例,低或低平均转运分别为4例和10例,生存概率分别为11.76%,7.14%,57.14%和52.63%,其中7例透析初期和远期腹膜通透性未发生变化,9例通透性较前降低,另2例高血压肾病患腹膜通透性则较前增高,结论:各种腹膜通透类型均可能长期存活,但以低通透性腹膜长期生存概率较高,提示更适宜进行长期腹膜透析治疗,长期透析腹膜通透 可保持不变或不同程度降低,并观察到高血压肾病长期腹透后通透性较前增加的现象。 相似文献
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Huang Xiaomei He Tao He Chengnian Chen Wenli Qu Bihui Liu Xiaomin Hua Hongying Hu Xiaosong Zheng Yuming. 《中华肾脏病杂志》2014,30(8):570-574
Objective To evaluate the clinical features and the survival benefits of Chinese hemodialysis (HD) patients with central vein stenosis (CVS) undergoing different treatments. Methods From January 1, 2011 to Dec 31, 2012, 116 HD patients at high risk of CVS in Wuhan Central Hospital had their bilateral central veins assessed by vascular ultrasound and conventional venography. The clinical outcomes of 24 non-treated asymptomatic CVS patients, 17 non-treated symptomatic CVS patients and 6 treated symptomatic CVS patients were compared. Treatment costs of CVS were recorded and patients' survival rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Among 116 patients, 47 were diagnosed with CVS. The time span between symptomatic presentation and the diagnosis of CVS was more than 10 months averagely. Compared with non-CVS patients, the duration of HD in CVS patients was longer [(33.8±14.5) months vs (1.1±0.7) months, P﹤0.01] and the rate of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion was higher (87.2% vs 14.5%, P﹤0.01). Only 6 patients tried to maintain vascular access by endovascular intervention which costed ¥33 500 per person, much higher than other treatment options. While 30 patients refused endovascular intervention for fear of re-stenosis risk and high treatment costs, among whom 28 patients lost their initial vascular access. The 12-month survival rates of non-treated symptomatic CVS patients, treated symptomatic CVS patients and non-treated asymptomatic CVS patients were 84.6%, 88.9% and 87.0%, respectively, and the 24-month survival rates were 38.5%, 61% and 53.9%, respectively. No significant difference was found among the three groups. Conclusions Endovascular intervention may not be the first choice, but an alternative choice for Chinese HD patients with CVS, considering the long term survival benefit and the high treatment cost. 相似文献
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Yu Haibo Jiang Aili Wei Fang Wang Zhe Sun Guijiang Zhang Ruining Wang Lihua Chen Haiyan. 《中华肾脏病杂志》2014,30(9):656-659
Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of the combination of lanthanum carbonate and calcium carbonate in controlling the phosphate level of hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. Methods Seventy-three patients who developed hyperphosphatemia after hemodialysis were involved, and of which twelve patients complicated with hypercalcemia were put in the group without calcium. The other patients were divided into 3 groups: 21 patients in calcium carbonate group, 32 patients in lanthanum carbonate group and 20 patients in combination group. All the subjects took blood test every month. Results The level of phosphorus decreased in all the subjects participated in the trial (P<0.01). The level of phosphatemia in combination group decreased dramatically (P<0.01) and had little effect on calcium and parathyroid hormone. Osteoporosis and valvular calcification were the same as the begin of the trial. Conclusions The combination of lanthanum carbonate and calcium carbonate is more effective than alone. The incidences of adverse effects such as gastrointestinal, hypercalcemia, nausea, vomiting and constipation are low. 相似文献
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目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者在血液透析前、后脉搏波速度(PWV)和压力反射波增强指数(AIx)水平变化及其相关因素。方法选择92例MHD患者,采用标准袖带水银血压计测量非动脉一静脉内瘘侧上臂坐位血压,动脉脉搏波分析仪检测动脉弹性指数AIx和PwV,并分别与各因素进行单因素相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果血液透析患者的袖带血压、中心动脉压、PWV和AIx在血液透析前后均无显著性变化(P〉0.05);多元逐步回归分析表明,AIx与患者的年龄、性别、主动脉收缩压有明显相关(P〈0.05),而PWV与患者年龄、上臂舒张压、钙磷乘积、身高、透析时间和心率存在明显相关(P〈0.05);PWV与AIx之间有明显相关(P〈0.05)。结论(1)血液透析患者的AIx与PWV、中心动脉压收缩压(C_SP)、身高、血清白蛋白、性别和年龄存在相关关系,其中与PWV、性别、年龄和C_SP呈正相关;而与身高和血清白蛋白呈负相关。(2)血液透析患者的PWV与AIx、年龄、舒张压、钙磷乘积、身高、透析时间和心率存在相关关系,其中与AIx、年龄、钙磷乘积、舒张压、透析时间及心率呈正相关,仅与身高呈负相关。 相似文献
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Shen Bo Nie Yuxin Liu Zhonghua Cao Xuesen Zou Jianzhou Teng Jie Zhong Yihong Ding Xiaoqiang. 《中华肾脏病杂志》2014,30(8):586-591
Objective To analysis the distribution and influence factors of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP), and also its clinical significance though a cross-sectional survey of NT-pro BNP in maintenance hemodialysis patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Methods A total of 207 stable hemodialysis patients were enrolled. The clinical parameters, plasma NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic parameters were analyzed. Results Level of plasma NT-proBNP in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were significantly higher than those without LVH[M(1/4, 3/4): 3 104(1 626, 7 843) ng/L vs 1 291(772, 1 845) ng/L, P﹤0.01]. After logarithmic transformation for skewed variables NT-proBNP, log[NT-proBNP] was negatively correlated with hemoglobin (r=-0.212, P=0.004) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)(r=-0.202, P=0.003), and was positively correlated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI)(r=0.370, P=0.001), interdialysic weight gain (IDWG) rate (r=0.233, P=0.001), predialysis systolic blood pressure (r=0.345, P=0.001), predialysis diastolic blood pressure (r=0.152, P=0.032). The areas under curve(AUC) of NT-proBNP for diagnosing LVH and IDWG﹥4% were 0.786(95%CI 0.689-0.883, P﹤0.01) and 0.738(95%CI 0.667-0.810, P﹤0.01). When the threshold of NT-proBNP was set at 1 917 ng/L to diagnosis LVH, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.676 and 0.824. When the threshold of NT-proBNP was set at 2 872 ng/L to diagnosis IDWG﹥4%, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.704 and 0.758. Conclusions NT-proBNP levels are significantly abnormality in hemodialysis patients, mainly related with LVH, the high rate of IDWG, and the poorly controlled predialysis blood pressure. Proper dry weight assessment and strict control of IDWG may be effective way to intervene NT-proBNP. 相似文献
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目的探讨影响维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心脏结构功能的危险因素。方法选择MHD患者153例,超声心动图测定心脏各项指标,并计算左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)。生存函数乘积限(Kaplan-Meier)分析观察LVMI对患者预后的影响,分析影响LVMI的危险因素关系。结果153例MHD患者中,84例(占55.2%)患者存在左心室肥厚。多元回归结果显示超滤量(UF)和血红蛋白是影响左心室肥厚的独立危险因素。每周3次透析与每周2次透析的患者左心室肥厚的发生率分别为59.3%和52.1%。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示左心室肥厚患者的5、10和15年生存率分为78.3%、54.3%和36.2%。结论MHD患者存在较高的左心室肥厚发生率,UF、血红蛋白与左心室肥厚相关,预防患者左心室肥厚可能有助于提高患者生存率。 相似文献
14.
目的:分析单中心27年间所有维持性腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)患者的资料,探索PD持续质量改进的策略。方法:回顾性观察我科自1985年1月开展第1例PD以来至2011年12月间所有在我中心行PD管置入术开始PD的患者,除外维持性PD不足1月者。记录患者人口学资料、实验室数据及退出原因等。将患者按PD开始时间分为3组:前10年组(1985年1月1日~1994年12月31日)、中10年组(1995年1月1日~2004年12月31日)和近7年组(2005年1月1日~2011年12月31日)。比较各组临床指标、原发病、透前状况、退出原因、死亡原因、转血液透析原因。计算中心患者生存率、技术存活率、腹膜炎发病率、掉队率(DOR)及退出PD的病人在PD治疗持续的时间(TOT)。结果:共841例PD患者入选本研究,其中女性431例(51.2%)。开始PD时的平均年龄为(58.53±16.67)岁。原发病中慢性肾小球肾炎441例(52.4%),其次为高血压肾损害149例(17.7%),糖尿病肾病121例(14.4%)。3组比较,中10年组和近7年组年龄、腹透龄均明显大于前10年组(P均<0.05);中10年组和近7年组慢性肾小球肾炎的比例较前10年组明显降低(P均<0.05),而高血压肾损害与糖尿病肾病比例则明显增高(P均<0.05);3组中心血管事件均是死亡的第一位原因,其次是感染,包括肺部感染和腹膜炎,第三位死因是脑血管事件;腹透相关感染始终是PD患者转血液透析的最主要原因,其次是导管功能障碍(堵管、漂管等),然后是透析不充分;随着时间的推移,3组因导管功能障碍转血液透析的比例呈明显降低趋势(P均<0.05)。采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算患者生存率及技术存活率显示,1年、3年及5年患者生存率分别为75.0%、51.6%及36.8%;而技术存活率分别为65.2%、35.8%及22.1%;本中心2008、2009、2010、2011年腹膜炎发病率分别为1/27.39、1/36.10、1/38.29、1/41.86病人月;DOR分别为41.85%、35.14%、34.65%、23.02%;TOT分别为17.54、20.77、23.61、25.07月。结论:我中心PD患者年龄偏大,原发病以慢性肾小球肾炎为主,糖尿病肾病比例逐年增高,PD患者死亡的首位原因是心血管事件,转血液透析的最主要原因是腹透相关感染。正式成立PD中心以来,特别是确定了专职的PD护士并开始规范化门诊随访后,我中心的腹膜炎发病率、DOR、TOT均有明显改善。 相似文献
15.
青年维持性血液透析患者心血管疾病调查及危险因素分析 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
目的调查青年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心血管疾病的发病情况和病变特点,并探讨其危险因素。方法采用横断面研究。MHD患者98例,以45岁为界分为青年组(47例)和中老年组(51例)。收集患者临床资料和生化指标。心脏超声检查测量心脏腔径及心功能参数。分析青年组患者心脏结构和功能异常的患病率、病变特点及其影响因素。结果(1)47例青年患者中有30例(63.8%)存在心脏结构异常,主要表现为左心室肥厚、左心房增大和瓣膜反流,患病率分别为61.7%、38.3%和34.0%。(2)青年组患者向心性肥厚的患病率为86.2%,离心性肥厚的患病率为13.8%,与中老年组相比,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。(3)与无心脏病变青年MHD患者相比,伴心脏病变者的超滤量、收缩压、血磷和甲状旁腺激素明显增高,而Kt/V、血红蛋白和血清白蛋白明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,超滤量、收缩压、血红蛋白和血甲状旁腺激素是青年MHD患者并发心脏病变的独立危险因素。结论青年MHD患者心血管疾病的患病率较高,主要表现为左心室肥厚、左房增大和瓣膜反流。超滤量、收缩压、血红蛋白和血甲状旁腺激素水平可能是影响青年MHD患者并发心脏病变的独立危险因素。 相似文献
16.
Cheng Yanjiao Han Wei Song Guiyun Yun Xiaoping Liu Huilin Cui Jiazhen Yu Haiyan Wang Xiurong Ma Yingchun. 《中华肾脏病杂志》2015,31(8):583-588
Objective To assess the impact of 24-week intradialytic exercise on the nutritional status, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Forty nine clinically stable MHD patients from Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were enrolled into the study, among forty three patients [65.1% men, (60.2±10.6) years] completed the trial. For 24 consecutive weeks, all patients performed one or two sets of cycle intradialytic exercise program during the first 2 h of their three dialysis sessions per week, 20 min for each set. The parameters included body mass index (BMI), albumin (Alb), total cholesterol (TC), cross-sectional area of triceps brachii, triceps skinfold and grip strength. Nineteen patients performed the symptom-limited treadmill exercise test (modified Bruce protocol) to measure peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), metabolic equivalents (METs), vital capacity and stress-test duration. Their the knee extensor muscle strength was also meadured with the isokinetic test. Results After 24 weeks of exercise, there were increased Alb level (42.1 g/L vs 41.3 g/L, P=0.016), improved grip strength (25.5 kg vs 23.9 kg, P=0.012), and increased stress-test duration (14.5 min vs 13.2 min, P=0.005) in MHD patients. Conclusion The intradialytic exercise partially improves the nutritional status, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance of MHD patients. 相似文献
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目的应用生物电阻抗矢量法评估血液透析合并高血压患者的容量负荷,探讨高容量负荷状态对高血压患者预后的影响。方法研究对象来自南京医科大学附属明基医院透析前收缩压(6次透析治疗前平均收缩压值)>160 mmHg的血液透析患者。用生物电阻抗矢量法评估患者容量状态,并根据患者容量状态分为容量增加组和非容量增加组(包括容量正常和容量下降的患者)。比较两组患者临床资料、实验室指标、细胞内液比例(ICW)、细胞外液比例(ECW)、体细胞质量、瘦体重、干瘦体重及其占总体重的百分比、脂肪含量占总体重的百分比、阻抗/身高、容抗/身高、相位角、疾病指数的差异。采用Kaplan⁃Meier生存曲线比较两组患者生存率的差异。结果共51例血液透析合并高血压患者入选本研究,容量增加组19例,非容量增加组32例(容量正常27例,容量下降5例)。容量增加组患者的血白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白、血细胞比容、血磷较非容量增加组显著下降,淋巴细胞比例明显升高,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。容量增加组的细胞外液比例、疾病指数显著高于非容量增加组(均P<0.01);相位角、阻抗/身高、容抗/身高显著低于非容量增加组(均P<0.01)。临床追踪20个月,容量增加组患者血压达标率(透析前收缩压<160 mmHg)低于非容量增加组(26.3%比43.8%),但差异无统计学意义。容量增加组患者全因死亡率高于非容量增加组(26.3%比15.6%),Kaplan⁃Meier生存曲线分析提示两组生存率的差异尚无统计学意义。结论容量负荷增加的血液透析合并高血压患者细胞外液增加明显,营养状态评估指标较非容量增加的高血压患者明显下降,而淋巴细胞比例升高,可能与患者微炎症状态有关。容量负荷增加的高血压患者血压更加难以控制,临床预后可能不及非容量增加的患者。 相似文献
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Wang Zhiyu Chen Zijin Jiang Zuanhong Ma Xiaobo Zhang Chunli Qian Ying Yu Haijin Chen Xiaonong. 《中华肾脏病杂志》2017,33(7):495-503
Objective Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is one of the common complications during hemodialysis, however its diagnostic criteria are highly controversial at present. In order to fully understand the prevalence of IDH in our center and figure out which diagnostic criteria is better for Chinese maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, we choose several IDH definitions by reviewing published literatures and analyze their association with mortality. Methods The patients were recruited from Blood Purification Center of Ruijin Hospital undergoing hemodialysis during July 2012. Pre-, intra- and post-dialysis blood pressure were recorded. Patients' clinical characteristics, laboratory results and cardiac ultrasound results were collected. Based on several IDH definitions, we investigated the prevalence rate of IDH and its frequency among MHD patients. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze data and conduct survival analysis. Results Totally 219 MHD patients underwent 16084 hemodialysis in 6 months. The prevalence rate, overall and individual frequency of IDH fluctuated between 45.21%-100.00%, 4.64%-37.60% and 0.00%-33.00% respectively. For every IDH criteria, the patients were recruited into the group IDH(+) if they ever met the corresponding definition, otherwise the group IDH(-). Survival analysis found that IDH (the criteria of an absolute systolic blood pressure (SBP)<90 mmHg or with a decrease of SBP≥ 20 mmHg) could decrease the risk of patients' cardiovascular mortality but was not relevant to all-cause mortality. Further analysis showed these patients had better cardiac functions mainly reflecting in lower Pro-BNP (2880 ng/L vs 6909 ng/L), lower prevalence rate of left ventricular hypertrophy (52% vs 83%) and higher left ventricular ejection fraction (65.0% vs 62.5%) than IDH(-) patients. No correlation was found between other IDH criteria and mortality. Conclusions The prevalence rate, overall and individual IDH frequency of IDH are of high variability when diagnosed by different IDH criteria. All IDH episodes defined by our selected definitions are of no association with all-cause mortality. An absolute SBP<90 mmHg or with a decrease of SBP≥20 mmHg can decrease the risk of cardiovascular mortality due to their better cardiac function. Large scale researches should be conducted to find optimal IDH definition and explore the association of IDH and mortality. 相似文献
19.
目的评价利用导丝经右颈内静脉临时导管置入涤纶环导管在维持性血液透析中的应用价值。方法观察22例次利用导丝经右颈内静脉临时导管置入涤纶环导管(A组)和24例次新穿刺右颈内静脉留置涤纶环导管(B组)的临床应用情况。结果A组和B组导管中位使用寿命分别为19、21个月,导管使用寿命生存曲线差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.05,P=0.82)。A组和B组插管处皮肤感染的发生率分别为(O.13±0.01)、(0.15±0.02)次/100导管日,导管引起的全身感染发生率分别为(O.31±0.03)、(0.32±0.02)次/100导管日,组间比较差异无统计学意义;A组和B组插管时局部出血或血肿发生率[40.91%(9/22)比45.83%(11/24)]、使用导管透析时血流量[(230.53±28.27)ml/min比(238.71±25.94)ml/min]和导管血栓形成率[31.82%(7/22)比33.33%(8/24)]比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);两组均无纤维鞘形成和颈内静脉狭窄发生。结论利用导丝经右颈内静脉临时导管置入涤纶环导管可避免再次穿刺颈内静脉,同时不增加导管相关并发症,可作为留置涤纶环导管的一种方法。 相似文献
20.
目的 探讨终末期肾病患者高通量血液透析对体内心血管疾病相关蛋白结合毒素的清除情况。 方法 选择应用高通量透析器进行维持性血液透析的患者23例。 HPLC-MS-MS(高效液相色谱-串联质谱)法测定透析前后血浆内的对甲酚硫酸盐(PCS)、吲哚硫酸盐(IS)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)浓度,计算这些物质的下降率。连续部分透析液收集法收集透析过程中的透析废液,测定透析废液中相应溶质的清除总量(TR)作为血透中溶质清除的金标准。分析这些溶质的清除情况与尿素氮、肌酐清除率及透前溶质血浆水平的关系。 结果 透后PCS、IS和Hcy的总体血浆浓度较透前有所下降,下降率分别为(32.43±11.41)%、(37.38±10.99)%和(57.16±10.43)%,明显低于BUN或Scr的下降率(均P < 0.05),且与BUN和Scr的下降率之间无相关性。游离PCS、IS和Hcy的血浆下降率分别为(55.54±20.75)%、(55.33±19.49)%和(74.63±11.45)%,较总体部分略高(均P < 0.05)。游离PCS和IS的下降率仍不及BUN或Scr的下降率(均P < 0.05)。清除后进入透析废液中的总体和游离PCS的TR分别是(60.58±39.41) mg和(34.87±23.64) mg;总体和游离IS的TR分别为(72.47±45.18) mg和(33.82±24.28) mg;总体和游离Hcy的TR分别为(5.27±3.31) mg和(3.73±1.68) mg。透前血浆PCS、IS和Hcy浓度与清除后进入透析废液中溶质TR均呈正相关(均P < 0.05)。 结论 高通量血液透析可以部分清除心血管疾病相关蛋白结合毒素,其透前血浆浓度与透析清除总量呈正相关,但其清除行为不同于小分子水溶性物质,仍需进一步探索更为有效的蛋白结合毒素的清除方式。 相似文献