安康市先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查状况与治疗分析

目的 了解安康市先天性甲状腺功能减低症(congenital hypothyroidism, CH)筛查状况、阳性切值和对患儿的治疗与评价。方法 对安康市2010年6月-2012年12月出生的新生儿进行先天性甲低筛查, 筛查阳性患儿召回测定TSH、FT4以确诊;对筛查中正常新生儿干血片TSH结果进行统计学分析, 确定阳性切值;诊断CH的患儿口服左旋甲状腺激素治疗, 治疗后于6月龄、1岁时测定其体重、身长、头围, 于1岁时采用Gecell智能发育量表测定智力发育商, 与同年龄同性别正常儿童比较。结果 筛查新生儿54 306例, 筛查率81.38%, 召回率91.18%, 确诊CH 32例, 发病率1/1 697。确定先天性甲低筛查阳性切值为7.8 μU/ml。经过治疗CH患儿生长发育达到正常儿童水平(P＞0.05), 满1周岁CH患儿28例, 无一例发生智力低下, 但在部分能区发育边缘状态比例较高。结论 安康市先天性甲低发病率高;对确诊的CH患儿实施及时、规范、安全地治疗和随访指导可以有效改善患儿预后;目前安康市先天性甲低筛查阳性切值需要调整为7.8 μU/mL, 以减少漏诊。     

广州地区2009～2012年新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查结果分析

目的:分析广州市2009~2012年新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)筛查、召回和确诊结果,了解广州地区CH筛查情况,为进一步做好筛查工作提供依据。方法:利用荧光酶免疫方法对2009~2012年广州市出生的新生儿进行足底血片促甲状腺素(TSH)筛查,诊断筛查结果阳性者及时召回,测定TSH、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)复查确诊。结果:2009~2012年新生儿CH筛查人数分别为156 706例、156 444例、193 127例、211 345例。CH确诊人数分别为74例、91例、93例、103例。CH发病率分别为47.22/10万、58.17/10万、48.15/10万、48.74/10万,经χ2趋势检验,差异无统计学意义。四年间CH阳性召回率分别为98.39%、99.01%、98.12%、98.08%,有69例阳性标本失召。结论:新生儿疾病筛查是CH早期诊断的有效措施,建立有效的筛查召回网络,加强宣传教育工作,提高患者家属认识以及强化医务工作人员培训能有效提高筛查率和召回率,降低CH患儿残疾发病率,提高出生人口素质。     

广西地区新生儿甲状腺功能低下可疑阳性的召回情况分析及对策

目的 分析广西地区新生儿甲状腺功能低下(congenital hypothyroidism, CH)可疑阳性的召回情况及未召回原因, 制定对策以提高召回率。方法 对2012-2013年广西新生儿疾病筛查中心新生儿CH筛查召回情况进行分析, 以各合作单位送检的所有新生儿为对象, 测定血样中TSH含量, 筛查结果阳性者及时电话召回, 以血清标本复查确诊。结果 2012-2013年广西新生儿疾病筛查中心共筛查488 519例, 初筛阳性7 777例, 召回6 559例, 确诊CH 321例, 发病率1/1 522。不同初筛结果、不同生活环境可疑患儿召回率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、不同产院之间可疑患儿召回率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);未召回原因主要是经济问题。结论 广西地区地理环境因素及家长对新生儿疾病筛查的认识对新生儿疾病筛查率和召回率有极大的局限性。     

北海市部分新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下筛查现状分析

目的:总结该院2002年10月～2005年12月新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下症(CH)的筛查状况及进行临床分析。方法:新生儿生后72h足跟采血用酶免疫标记法(BA-ECISA)测定TSH的浓度。阳性者召回采静脉血用放射免疫法测定血清TSH、FT3、FT4。对确诊患儿进行治疗及随诊观察。结果:共筛查5280例新生儿,检出TSH增高4例,召回确诊为CH共4例。发病率1/1320。结论:新生儿筛查是先天性甲状腺功能低下症早期诊断的有效方法,注意其早期非典型的临床表现及早期治疗有良好的效果。     

温州市新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症的筛查结果分析

目的 回顾分析温州医科大学附属第二医院2015年-2017年新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)的筛查结果及确诊情况,了解新生儿CH的发病率及CH患儿的初始治疗时间。方法 2015年-2017年本院出生的31 553例新生儿,于出生72 h后采集足部末梢血,采用时间分辨荧光免疫法检测血斑中促甲状腺激素(TSH),筛查结果阳性者召回抽取静脉血测定血清TSH、游离T4以确诊。结果 2015年-2017年本院共筛查新生儿CH 31 553例,筛查阳性为93例,筛查阳性率为0. 29%(93/31 553);召回复查93例,召回率为100. 00%(93/93),确诊CH 32例,发病率为1/986(32/31 553); CH筛查阳性率冬季与春季、夏季、秋季比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 01);患儿在出生30 d内初始治疗占78. 13%(25/32)。结论 2015年-2017年于本院出生的31 553例新生儿中CH发病率较高,高于全国及浙江省的平均发病率,冬季筛查阳性率高于其他3季,确诊为CH的患儿初始治疗时间较理想。     

荆州地区筛查先天性甲状腺功能减低症患儿的结果分析

目的筛查荆州地区新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症（CH）的发病率,并对CH患儿的情况进行分析。方法对本地出生后3—7d的新生儿采集足跟血滤纸样本,应用时间分辨荧光免疫测定法（TR-FIA）检测样本促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平,TSH≥9mU／L的患儿实施召回,采集静脉血标本使用化学发光法（CLIA）测定血清TSH、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）及游离甲状腺素（FT4）浓度。结果筛查新生儿87556例,筛查覆盖率80．8％,召回率82．3％,CH发病率为0．5‰（约1：1863）。农村病例数量多于城镇（40：7）,3对双生子中4例确诊为CH;19．2％为低出生体重儿,6．4％患儿的母亲存在甲状腺疾病;72．3％行甲状腺B超检查,发现甲状腺缺如或异位3例。结论本地区的CH发病率较高,现阶段提升筛查覆盖率及召回率对提高本地区人口素质具有重要意义,而未来研究评估可能影响本地发病率的相关因素甚为必要。     

河南省新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)筛查10年回顾

目的:探讨河南省新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)发病情况、治疗效果及10年筛查情况,总结经验、查找不足以指导今后筛查工作。方法:非选择新生儿出生后72h,采足跟血,制成干血滤纸片,用时间分辨免疫荧光法(DELFIA法)检测干血片中促甲状腺素(TSH)的水平,TSH>10μIU/ml为阳性,阳性病人召回采静脉血,用化学发光法测甲功五项(T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4)而确诊。结果:河南省10年来共筛查新生儿480519例,确诊CH患儿144例,CH发病率为0.299‰,男、女之比为1∶1.93,确诊病人立即口服甲状腺素片或优甲乐进行治疗并定期监测其体格和智力发育情况。结论:河南省CH的发病率为0.299‰,10年来有逐年上升趋势,基本符合我国CH总的发病趋势,CH患儿早期确诊、治疗效果满意,各级政府部门和医疗保健机构应加强新生儿筛查工作,进一步提高筛查覆盖率,降低CH患儿残疾发生率,提高出生人口素质。     

新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症检出的影响因素分析

目的:分析影响新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症(Congenital hypothyroidism,CH)检出的因素,为提高CH检出率,减少漏诊,提供可借鉴的方法。方法:对比分析2002年1月~2005年12月间,不同年份新生儿筛查覆盖率和筛查率与CH检出率和发病率的关系;同时对比不同筛查切值和不同年份可疑阳性召回率与CH检出率的关系。结果:①随着新生儿筛查覆盖率和筛查率的逐年提高,CH的检出率逐年提高,CH的发病率逐年上升;②用正常新生儿滤纸干血片TSH97.5%的可信限作为筛查切值,其CH检出率高于用TSH99.0%的可信限作为筛查切值;③随着可疑阳性召回率的逐年提高,CH检出率逐年提高;④在29例CH病例中,早产儿2例,其中1例早产儿滤纸干血片TSH初筛值小于筛查切值。结论:新生儿筛查覆盖率、筛查率、筛查切值、可疑阳性患儿召回率以及新生儿早产均是影响新生儿CH检出的因素。     

武汉市新生儿疾病筛查5年分析研究

[目的]回顾武汉市新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症和苯丙酮尿症5年来筛查情况,总结经验、查找不足,以促进新生儿疾病筛查工作。[方法]新生儿出生后72h,采足跟末梢血制成滤纸干血片,用FEIA法检测血片中TSH和Phe含量,将TSH值≥10mIU/L,Phe值≥2.0mg/dl的新生儿判为筛查阳性,并召回确诊。[结果]武汉市5年来,共筛查新生儿182339例,确诊CH患儿115例,CH发病率为0.631‰,男、女之比为1︰1.17,确诊PKU患儿11例,PKU发病率为0.60/万,5年来,CH和PKU发病率无显著上升或下降趋势。[结论]武汉市PKU发病率处于全国平均水平,但却是CH高发地区,各级政府部门和妇幼保健机构应加强新生儿疾病筛查网络建设、管理,进一步提高筛查覆盖率;要加强疾病鉴别诊断和治疗,同时加强新生儿CH高发病因的研究,降低缺陷儿发生率,提高我市出生人口素质。     

新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查10年回顾

目的了解武汉市CH发病率及10年筛查情况,总结经验、查找不足以指导今后筛查工作。方法CH筛查方法为新生儿出生后72h、采足跟末梢血制成干血滤纸片,用EIA法或ELISA法检测血片中TSH含量,将EIA法TSH值≥10mIU/L或ELISA法≥20mIU/L的新生儿判为筛查阳性,并召回确诊。结果武汉市10年来,共筛查新生儿271221例,确诊CH患儿125例,CH发病率为0.461‰,男、女之比为1∶1.23,10年CH发病率无显著上升或下降趋势;用ELISA法和用EIA法检测的CH发病率之间无显著差异。结论武汉市是CH高发地区,各级政府部门和妇幼保健机构应加强新生儿疾病筛查网络建设及管理,进一步提高筛查覆盖率;业务技术指导部门应加强标本采集和实验人员的培训;选择适当的筛查、实验方法,完善质控机制;降低CH患儿发生率,提高武汉市出生人口素质。     

广西地区单胎和双胎新生儿先天性肾上腺皮质功能增生症筛查确诊结果分析

目的 分析广西地区先天性肾上腺皮质功能增生症(CAH)筛查中单胎与双胎的筛查与确诊情况,了解新生儿单双胎因素对17-羟孕酮(17-OHP)水平的影响。方法 对广西地区2012年1月-2015年6月出生的活产新生儿进行CAH筛查,采用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法测定干血片中的17-OHP水平。采用χ²检验比较单胎和双胎新生儿17-OHP水平差异。结果 在筛查的378 252例新生儿中,有双胞胎9 464例,双胎和单胎CAH初筛阳性率分别为2.85%和0.38%,单胎和双胎间孕周、出生体重、初筛阳性率、发病率均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论 双胎CAH初筛阳性率、发病率均高于单胎。若双胎中有一方初筛阳性,应及时召回另一方复查,避免漏诊。     

湖北省农村地区2岁以下婴幼儿母乳喂养及贫血状况分析

目的 了解湖北省农村地区2岁以下婴幼儿母乳喂养及贫血状况。方法 在湖北省农村地区采用整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取8个市(县)2岁以下婴幼儿1 197名,问卷调查其母乳喂养状况,同时采集末梢血20 μL,测定血红蛋白值。结果 1 197名婴幼儿中,1 125人(94.0%)有母乳喂养史,其中965人(85.8%)有初乳喂养史;大部分(61.8%)婴幼儿在7~12个月断奶,仅6.1%在12个月以后断奶。2岁以下婴幼儿贫血患病率为32.7%,年龄及性别间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有初乳喂养史的婴幼儿贫血患病率较无初乳喂养史者低,但有无母乳喂养史及不同断奶时间,婴幼儿贫血患病率差异均无统计学意义。结论 初乳喂养可降低婴幼儿贫血患病率,应大力提倡。     

Cerebral palsy and multiple births in China

BACKGROUND: A population-based study on prevalence of cerebral palsy in multiple births has not been carried out in China. The purpose of this paper was to determine the prevalence of cerebral palsy in multiple births and to explore the influence of multiple pregnancy on cerebral palsy after controlling for birthweight. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of cerebral palsy was carried out among 388,192 children aged <7 years in seven cities of Jiangsu province in China. Information about birthweight and plurality was obtained from routine health care records. Pediatricians at city level diagnosed all cases. All the doctors involved had taken part in a training programme held by Beijing Medical University. Stratified analysis by birthweight and its standard normal deviate was employed to compare the prevalence of cerebral palsy in multiples and singletons. RESULTS: The prevalence of cerebral palsy for children aged <7 years in multiples was 9.7 per 1000 children (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.5-14.0), which was 6.5 times that in singletons (95% CI: 4.4-9.3). The overall neonatal mortality rate was 60.9 per 1000 liveborn multiples, being highest (944.4 per 1000) in the 500-999 g birthweight groups. Most liveborn multiples weighing <1500 g at birth probably died from diseases related to very low birthweight prior to this study. The prevalence of cerebral palsy in multiple births was likely to be higher than that reported in developed countries for children weighing 1500-2499 g even though our data were from a cross-sectional study. When stratified by birthweight, the prevalence of cerebral palsy in multiples weighing <2500 g had tended to be lower than that of singletons in the same birthweight group. In contrast, in normal birthweight categories multiple births had a higher prevalence of cerebral palsy than singletons. When stratified by birthweight normal deviate, the prevalence of cerebral palsy in multiple births was uniformly higher than that in singletons in all birthweight strata and the prevalence of cerebral palsy among multiples appeared to be augmented as birthweight increased. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cerebral palsy in multiples, 9.7 per 1000 children, is 6.5 times that in singletons. Survival of low birthweight infants is lower in China than in developed countries and survival quality of Chinese children weighing 1500-2499 g needs to be further improved. In terms of birthweight multiples and singletons may be heterogeneous. It might be difficult to directly use actual birthweight specific prevalence to compare the prevalence of cerebral palsy in multiples and singletons. Birthweight normal deviate specific prevalence of cerebral palsy suggests that multiple pregnancy is an independent risk factor for cerebral palsy in all birthweight groups. Multiples are in adverse circumstances very early in gestation and as the foetus matures the risk of cerebral palsy increases.     

新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下症与出生体重及胎龄的相关性分析

目的探讨新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下症与出生体重及胎龄的关系。方法用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法测定2010年1月~2015年7月佛山市(顺德区除外)各产科医院新生儿干血片促甲状腺激素(TSH)值,凡TSH>10.0 m IU/L者予以召回,进行甲状腺功能检查。分别按照出生体重和胎龄进行分组,并对出生体重、胎龄与TSH初筛阳性率及发病率进行相关性分析。结果共筛查标本466 078例,统计有效信息456 094例。确诊先天性甲状腺功能低下症236例,总患病率为1/1 975。其中,低出生体重儿发病率为1/744,正常出生体重儿发病率为1/2 218,巨大儿发病率为1/1 535(χ2=153.45,P=0.004)。早产儿发病率为1/975,足月儿患病率为1/1903,过期产儿患病率为1/5666(χ2=169.63,P=0.003)。不同出生体重和胎龄的患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下症的发病与新生儿出生时的体重、胎龄等因素有关,早产、低出生体重的新生儿甲状腺功能低下症的患病率最高。因此,加强孕期保健和管理、防止早产和减少低出生体重的发生是降低新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下症患病率的关键。     

Nutritional evaluation of protein hydrolysate formulas in healthy term infants: plasma amino acids,hematology, and trace elements

BACKGROUND: Protein hydrolysate formulas are used for infants with food allergy. Most studies of such formulas focus on their effect on allergy and rarely evaluate their capacity to provide normal nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: We compared plasma aminograms, serum urea nitrogen, and trace element status in breastfed infants, infants fed hydrolysate formulas, and infants fed milk formula. DESIGN: From 6 wk to 6 mo of age, infants were breastfed or fed regular milk formula (RF), 1 of 2 casein-hydrolysate formulas (CH-1 or CH-2), or whey-hydrolysate formula (WH). Anthropometric measures were taken monthly, and blood samples were collected at 6 wk and 6 mo. Plasma amino acids, serum urea nitrogen, hematologic indexes, plasma zinc, and plasma copper were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in hemoglobin, serum transferrin receptor, copper, or zinc among groups. Serum ferritin was significantly lower in infants fed the CH formulas than in the other groups. Infants fed CH-2 had significantly higher serum urea nitrogen than did all other groups. Plasma threonine, valine, phenylalanine, methionine, and tryptophan were significantly higher in the hydrolysate formula groups than in the breastfed group. Plasma tyrosine was significantly lower in infants fed the CH formulas than in the breastfed group, whereas arginine was significantly higher in the WH group than in all other groups. Plasma proline was lower, whereas threonine and tryptophan were higher, in the WH group than in the CH groups. CONCLUSIONS: The iron status of infants fed CH formula was lower than that of all other groups. The amounts of amino acids provided by hydrolysate formulas appear excessive compared with regular formula, which is reflected by high serum urea nitrogen (CH-2) and high plasma amino acid concentrations. A reduced and more balanced amino acid content of hydrolysate formulas may be beneficial.     

浙江省0～2岁儿童先天性心脏病患病率研究

目的　了解０ ～２ 岁儿童先天性心脏病（ 先心病） 患病情况。方法　利用心脏听诊和超声检查相结合的方法，对浙江省嘉兴等１３ 个市县０ ～２ 岁儿童进行了先心病患病率调查和病因分析。结果　发现０ ～２ 岁儿童先心病患病率为３．７２ ‰。不同年龄组间先心病患病率存在差异，０岁组最高，为５ ．５４‰；１ 岁组次之，为３ ．３６ ‰；２ 岁组最低，为２ ．６６ ‰。男女间先心病患病率没有差异。室间隔缺损比例最高，占５９ ．４ ％ 。结论　表明先心病属我国重要的公共卫生问题之一，开展出生儿先心病监测和病因研究，减少先心病发生，对提高儿童生命质量有重要的意义。     

The effect of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on intestinal microflora in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In a previous study, we have found that glutamine supplementation decreased the infection rate in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. In this study, we investigated whether this beneficial effect originated from increased number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestinal microflora of these infants. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, VLBW infants (gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500g) received enteral glutamine supplementation (0.3g/kg/day) or isonitrogenous placebo supplementation between d3 and d30 of life. Faecal microflora was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization <48h, at d7, d14 and d30 of life. RESULTS: In 43/52 (glutamine group) and 43/50 (control group) infants, > or = 2 samples were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were not different between groups. The prevalence of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Escheria coIi, streptococci and clostridia was not different between groups (p>0.05). In both groups, colonization with bifidobacteria was delayed, whereas potentially pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, appeared rapidly after birth. Antibiotic treatment decreased the prevalence of all faecal bacteria (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased infectious morbidity in VLBW infants that received glutamine supplementation was not associated with alterations in the prevalence of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, E. coIi, streptococci and clostridia. In general, colonization with health-promoting bacteria was delayed, whereas potentially pathogenic bacteria appeared rapidly after birth. Antibiotic treatment delayed the bacterial colonization.     

Childcare problems in mothers with twins as compared with children born singly

PURPOSE: The purpose of this survey was to study childcare problems in the families with twins as compared with singletons. METHODS: The subjects were 234 mothers of twins and 200 mothers of singletons, all born after 1994. RESULTS: 1. Mothers of twins showed significantly higher anxiety during pregnancy compared with those having singletons. There was no significant difference in prevalence of anxiety for infant health between the two groups, but the mothers of twins showed significant higher rate for childcare after delivery, economy, or childcare of other brothers and sisters. 2. Mothers who felt shortage of time for childcare were more frequent in the twin group than in the singleton group. 3. Mothers of twins showed significant more severe fatigue (physical and mental) as compared with those having singletons. They also reported significantly poorer sleeping conditions. In particular, the average sleeping time for mothers of twins was 6.54 hours a day, while for those of singletons, it was 7.32 hours. 4. Mothers of twins who did not receive assistance from fathers for childcare reported more severe physical and mental fatigue than those of twins who were given such help. CONCLUSION: This study indicated a tendency for mothers of twins to show more severe fatigue, poorer sleeping condition and a greater shortage of time for childcare as compared with those having singletons.     

北京市朝阳区15年先天性甲状腺功能减低症发病趋势及影响因素分析

目的分析先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)发病趋势及影响因素,为制定CH防治策略提供参考依据。方法分析2004-2018年北京市朝阳区CH发病率趋势,采用病例对照研究,选择确诊CH的105例新生儿为病例组,按1:4配比选择非CH的420例新生儿为对照组,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析CH发病的影响因素。结果15年来,CH发病率总体呈上升趋势,总体发病率为53.13/10万,发病率的年度平均增长率为6.66%;单因素分析结果显示,病例组新生儿早产、剖宫产、低出生体重及身长<50 cm的发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,剖宫产和早产为CH发病的危险因素(P<0.05),不同出生体重、身长的新生儿CH发病率差异无统计学意义。结论15年来,北京市朝阳区CH发病率总体呈上升趋势,剖宫产、早产与新生儿CH有一定关系。加强孕期保健和管理,减少早产儿的出生,对于降低CH发病率,提高出生人口素质有着积极的意义。     

不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病对子代出生状况的影响

目的 分析孕母患不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)对子代出生状况的影响,为改善其子代的预后提供科学依据。方法 回顾性选取2016年1月—2019年12月广州医科大学附属第三医院分娩的HDP产妇及其新生儿(n=1 004)作为研究对象,根据诊断分为妊娠期高血压(A组,n=256)、子痫前期-子痫(B组,n=577)、妊娠合并慢性高血压(C组,n=55)、慢性高血压并发子痫前期(D组,n=116),随机抽样获得正常对照组(n=1 107),比较子代出生情况差异。 结果 1)HDP组与对照组对比,胎儿窘迫、胎儿生长受限、胎盘早剥、早产儿、低出生体重儿、小于胎龄儿、新生儿窒息、转新生儿科或转院的发生率显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 2)胎儿生长受限、胎盘早剥和小于胎龄儿方面,B组发生率显著高于A组(P＜0.05)。 3)早产儿、极/超早产儿、低出生体重儿、极/超低出生体重儿、转新生儿科或转院的发生率,A、C、B、D组依次升高,两两比较,除A与C组外,其余任意两组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。4)A组新生儿窒息发生率显著低于其余任意一组(P＜0.05)。结论 HDP中慢性高血压并发子痫前期引发更高的胎儿和新生儿不良结局风险,这可能与病程较长和病变较严重有关,提示孕期应尽早诊断和治疗,以改善子代预后。