多普勒超声血流显像联合血清CA125 CA199在卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的探讨多普勒超声血流显像联合血清CA125、CA199在早期卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法对2002年1月至2004年11月广州医学院第二附属医院等2家医院的99例卵巢肿瘤患者及42例对照组妇女分别进行多普勒超声及血清CA125、CA199检测，并分别以血清CA125〉35kU／L、CA125〉100kU／L；CA199〉37kU／L、CA199〉70kU／L；阻力指数（RI）〈0．5、RI〈0．6作为阳性结果，比较各种指标对卵巢恶性肿瘤预测的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果卵巢恶性肿瘤患者血清CA125、CA199水平明显高于对照组和卵巢良性肿瘤组，而良性肿瘤组和对照组间差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。多普勒血流显像，恶性肿瘤组RI显著低于起性肿瘤组。单独应用CA125〉100kU／L敏感性为78．4％，特异性为88．4％，单独应用CA199〉70kU／L敏感性为49．0％，特异性为86.0％。多普勒超声（RI〈0．5）联合上述两种血清学指标，敏感性为94．2％，特异性为95．3％。结论血清CA125、CA199联合多普勒超声血流显像可明显提高卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断的敏感性和特异性。     

恶性肿瘤风险指数在卵巢恶性肿瘤术前诊断中的作用

目的 回顾性评价应用血清CA125值、超声分数、绝经状态及恶性肿瘤风险指数（RMI）对卵巢肿物的良、恶性进行预测，探讨卵巢恶性肿瘤的早期诊断。方法 1998年1月至1999年6月，北京协和医院妇科肿瘤病房收治的年龄30岁以上的卵巢肿瘤患者140例，其中77例为良性肿瘤患者，63例为恶性肿瘤患者，分别以其术前血清CA125水平、超声分数、绝经状态，以及RMI，对卵巢肿瘤良、恶性进行预测。比较其敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值。结果 RMI较其他指标对卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的预测更为准确。以RMI200为界，其敏感性为87.3%，特异性为84.4%，阳性预测值为82.1%。结论 RMI较其他指标对卵巢肿瘤良、恶性的预测更为准确且更易被接受，RMI具有较大的临床应用价值。     

恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子在卵巢肿瘤中的临床应用价值

目的探讨血清恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)在卵巢恶性肿瘤的诊断及疗效监测中的临床应用价值。方法使用TSGF快速诊断试剂盒,对170例患者的196份血清进行检测,其中69例为卵巢恶性肿瘤,18例卵巢交界性肿瘤,42例卵巢良性肿瘤,41例盆腔良性病变;同时取20例正常妇女血清标本作为对照。所有标本同时检测CA125。结果卵巢恶性肿瘤组血清TSGF阳性率明显高于其他各组(P<0.01)。晚期肿瘤的血清TSGF诊断敏感性高于早期(P<0.05)。卵巢高分化恶性肿瘤及交界性肿瘤血清TSGF敏感性明显低于中、低分化组(P<0.01)。TSGF诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性分别为78.3％和48.2％,CA125为73.9％和55.4％,二者差异无显著性(P>0.05)。TSGF+CA125联合检测诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性为87.0％,较TSGF、CA125单项检测敏感性明显提高(P<0.05),治疗前后血清TSGF水平下降不明显(P>0.05)。TSGF对卵巢恶性肿瘤的疗效监测价值似乎不大。结论 TSGF测定诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性分别为78.3％和48.2％,其水平与细胞分化、临床分期有关。TSGF和CA125联合检测可明显提高卵巢恶性肿瘤的检出率,但TSGF对卵巢恶性肿瘤的疗效监测似无明显临床价值。     

绝经后妇女直径5cm及以下卵巢肿物203例临床病理分析

目的探讨绝经后妇女直径≤5cm卵巢肿物的临床病理特征和处理方法。方法对1993年8月至2008年7月北京大学第三医院妇科手术治疗的203例绝经后妇女直径≤5cm无症状卵巢肿物的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果患者平均年龄（61．7±6．9）岁,绝经中位数时间为12年,卵巢肿瘤左侧占46．7％（105／225）,右侧占41．3％（93／225）,双侧占12．O％（27／225）。51．7％（105／203）盆腔双合诊可触及,48．3％（98／203）仅超声提示;发现卵巢肿物时间6．0（1．4～24．0）个月,80．3％（163／203）复查无明显增长。全子宫＋双附件和行双附件切除术两组手术时间分别为（87．9±25．2）min和（54．9±22．6）min（P〈O．01）;术中出血分别为50．0（50．O～100．O）ml和27．9（10．0～45．O）ml（P〈O．01）;术后发热天数分别为（12．5±5．3）d和（6．8±3．2）d（P〈O．01）,无术中、术后并发症。97．4％o（114／117）术前CAl2s正常。病理结果：卵巢肿瘤占70．2％,其中上皮来源占40．O％,生殖细胞来源占18．7％,性索问质来源占11．6％。良性肿瘤占68．5％（139／203）,恶性肿瘤占1．O％（2／203）,交界性肿瘤占1．O％（2／203）,瘤样病变29．6％（60／203）。结论绝经后妇女直径≤5cm卵巢肿物大部分为良性病变,有条件者可进行随访,无随访条件可行双附件切除术。     

经阴道超声探测绝经后卵巢可及综合征的价值

目的　探讨应用阴道超声探测绝经后妇女的卵巢 ,早期发现绝经后卵巢可及综合征 (post menopausalpalpableovarysyndrome ,PMPOS)与卵巢肿瘤价值。方法　采用阴道超声诊断仪 ,常规测量子宫、卵巢的大小 ,卵巢肿物疑恶性时加做彩色多普勒血流测定及卵巢肿瘤标记物CA12 5的测定。卵巢体积按椭圆型公式计算为卵巢的长×宽×厚× 0 5 2 3。结果　 1998年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 6月阴道超声探测我院门诊就诊患者绝经后妇女14 0 0 5例 ,结合临床资料进行分析 ,年龄 5 0～ 90岁 ,绝经年限最短 1年 ,最长 4 4年 ,中位绝经时间 14年。检查结果 :132 2 8例为正常萎缩卵巢 ,777人次超声探查出卵巢 >2 5cm ,其中 183名患者因卵巢肿物行手术治疗 ,其中绝经后卵巢可及综合征 81例 ,内瘤样病变 3例 ,病理性肿瘤 78例 ;在病理性肿瘤患者中 ,良性卵巢肿瘤 70例 ,恶性肿物 8例。恶性肿物中 7例CA12 5升高。结论　经阴道超声探测与彩色多普勒血流频谱的测定 ,同时卵巢肿瘤标记物CA12 5的测定是检出PMPOS的必备条件。     

人附睾分泌蛋白4、糖链多肽抗原125联合卵巢恶性肿瘤风险预测模型对上皮性卵巢癌预测和诊断价值

目的 探讨血清中肿瘤标志物人附睾分泌蛋白4（HE4）、糖链多肽抗原125（CA125）和卵巢恶性肿瘤风险预测模型(ROMA)预测和诊断上皮性卵巢癌的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析于2012年1月至2014年4月天津市中心妇产科医院因盆腔肿物就诊的225例病人,其中卵巢上皮癌113例,卵巢良性肿瘤112例,因体检来院的健康妇女33例。采用电化学发光法测定受试者术前血清HE4和CA125浓度,用卵巢风险评估模型计算ROMA指数。结果 卵巢癌组CA125、HE4及ROMA值高于卵巢良性肿瘤组和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。卵巢良性肿瘤组CA125、HE4及ROMA值与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。HE4、CA125、ROMA值诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感度分别为52.21%、85.84%、86.73%,特异度分别为100%、88.39%、83.93%,三者相比较,ROMA值的敏感度最好,HE4特异度最好。ROMA值绝经前后敏感度分别为85.71%和69.77%,特异度分别为86.90%和75%。结论 HE4作为一种新型肿瘤标志物,其在卵巢上皮性癌中具有重要的诊断价值,而ROMA值预测患卵巢癌风险的敏感度较CA125、HE4二者单项高,有助于帮助临床医生评估患卵巢上皮性癌的风险性。     

血清CA125监测卵巢上皮性癌术后复发界值探讨

目的探讨CA125在监测卵巢上皮性癌术后复发的界值。方法回顾性总结分析四川大学华西二院2005年1月至2009年12月收治的卵巢上皮性癌170例手术后患者,未复发组135例,复发组35例,以绝经后体格检查正常的105例妇女及除卵巢恶性肿瘤之外的65例术后无复发的妇科恶性肿瘤患者作为对照组。以CA125值为5kU/L、10kU/L、15kU/L、20kU/L、25kU/L、30kU/L、35kU/L分别作为界值,比较各界值对判断卵巢上皮性癌术后复发的敏感度、特异度。结果卵巢上皮性癌术后无复发患者、绝经后妇女及妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者CA125中位数值分别为7.5kU/L、8.4kU/L、6.9kU/L;均数±标准差分别为(8.3±3.6)kU/L、(9.1±4.2)kU/L、(7.3±2.6)kU/L。以15kU/L为界值判断复发,敏感度、特异度分别为74.3%、97.0%。结论以15kU/L为CA125界值配合影像学检查监测卵巢上皮性癌术后病情变化,敏感度提高,能够早期发现微小癌灶存在,早期治疗,延长患者生存期。     

绝经后妇女胃肠道间质肿瘤误诊为卵巢肿瘤3例报道

目的:探讨绝经后妇女胃肠道间质肿瘤容易误诊为卵巢肿物的原因,以及它们之间的鉴别点。方法:回顾性分析3例术前诊断为卵巢肿物,术后证实为胃肠道间质肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果:3例患者均为绝经后妇女,2例以急腹症表现入院。她们伴或不伴有肿瘤标记物轻度升高,彩色多普勒超声显示:有急腹症表现者的肿物血流丰富。行盆腔CT检查者2例,1例检查结果提示为小肠肿瘤。术前均诊断为卵巢肿物行开腹手术。术中发现结合术后病理诊断为胃肠道间质肿瘤。有急腹症表现的患者,术中出血量多。结论:绝经后妇女出现盆腔肿物应考虑到有胃肠道间质肿瘤的可能。可能有急腹症表现,术中出血凶险。术前盆腔CT检查有助于术前诊断。     

绝经后卵巢良性肿瘤147例分析

绝经后妇女发现附件包块，首先要考虑到是否有恶性肿瘤存在的可能性，然而绝大多数为绝经后良性卵巢肿瘤。有关卵巢恶性肿瘤的分析报道不少见，而绝经后卵巢良性肿瘤的大样本报道不多，本文特就绝经后卵巢良性肿瘤的病例作一分析，报道如下。     

绝经后附件肿块203例临床分析

回顾分析２０３例绝经后附件肿块患者临床资料,表明：恶性肿瘤占３７．９％。单房囊性肿块的恶性率明显低于实性、囊实性、多房囊性肿块（Ｐ＜０．０１）。双侧肿块恶性率明显高于单侧肿块（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１９３例卵巢肿瘤患者,其中１２４例术前测定血ＣＡ１２５（临界值３５Ｕ／ｍｌ）,结合Ｂ超,诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的特异性９０．４％、敏感性８８．２％、准确性８９．５％。结论：Ｂ超结合ＣＡ１２５可作为绝经后卵巢恶性肿瘤早期诊断的方法。绝经后附件肿块恶性率高,尤其是双侧、实性、囊实性或囊性多房者,应尽早手术治疗。     

Comparison of serum CA 125, clinical impression, and ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation of ovarian masses

The ability to differentiate a malignant from a benign ovarian mass was assessed for four diagnostic procedures: serum CA 125, clinical examination, original ultrasound, and reviewer ultrasound interpretation. When these tests were used individually, the sensitivity and specificity of CA 125 levels were equal to those of a review ultrasound. Overall, the sensitivity of clinical impression and original ultrasound was poor. Sensitivity and specificity were highest for CA 125 assays in postmenopausal patients, especially when these were used as the second diagnostic test. Positive and negative predictive values significantly increased among postmenopausal patients when CA 125 was added to any of the other diagnostic tests examined. In conjunction with such tests, measurement of serum CA 125 significantly increased diagnostic accuracy and may thus have an important role in the preoperative evaluation of women with ovarian masses.     

Elevated serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and OVX1, 11 months prior to the diagnosis of stage IC ovarian cancer

In published trials, CA125 has been utilized to trigger ultrasound examination for the early detection of ovarian cancer. Although serum CA125 levels can be elevated prior to clinical detection of ovarian cancer, only approximately half of patients with stage I disease will have an abnormal value. A combination of CA125, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and the mucin marker OVX1 will detect> 95% of stage I patients, but it is not known whether the markers can be elevated prior to clinical detection of the disease. A postmenopausal patient was found to have small unilocular bilateral cystic adnexal lesions during an abdominal ultrasound examination. No pelvic abnormality could be palpated. Serum levels of the CA125 antigen were within the normal range. Progressive ultrasound changes prompted a laparotomy II months later, and the diagnosis of a stage IC serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary was established. A retrospective analysis of stored serum samples revealed that this patient had elevated serum levels of M-CSF and OVX1 at the time of the original ultrasound scan. Interpreted within the context of a potential screening strategy for ovarian cancer, these data illustrate that either or both of these tumor markers and/or ultrasound could have identified this ovarian cancer many months prior to the actual diagnosis, while the disease was at an early stage.     

Ovarian cancer identified through screening with serum markers but not by pelvic imaging

Abstract. Woolas RP, Oram DH, Jeyarajah AR, Bast RC Jr, Jacobs IJ. Ovarian cancer identified through screening with serum markers but not by pelvic imaging.
This study evaluated the possible role of 3 additional tumor markers to CA 125 among postmenopausal volunteers participating in a sequential multimodal ovarian cancer screening study. In 82 asymptomatic women the finding of a serum CA 125 level of > 30 U/ml precipitated pelvic ultrasound examination. Levels of CA15–3, CA72–4 and CA19–9 were subsequently determined in sera stored from the time of the CA 125 assay. Following ultrasound 29 women underwent surgery for benign conditions. The remaining 53 women underwent 2 years of surveillance. In 5 of these women a diagnosis of ovarian cancer was established between 6 and 10 months after their initial investigation. Elevated levels of at least one of the 3 additional tumor markers were present in the serum, prior to ultrasound abnormalities being detected, in 4 (80%) of the women who developed cancer. At least one of this 3-marker panel was elevated in 29% of the 48 women who have not developed cancer and 14% of the 29 women undergoing surgery for benign conditions. Information complementary to pelvic ultrasound examination for the preclinical detection of ovarian cancer could be obtained through multiple marker assay. Coordinated elevated serum levels of tumor markers could increase the sensitivity of this sequential screening protocol.     

Screening for ovarian cancer using serum CA125 and vaginal examination: report on 2550 females

This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of using serum CA125 and vaginal examination as a screening test for ovarian cancer in apparently healthy females. Two thousand five hundred and fifty healthy females aged 40 and over were recruited to participate in a screening study involving a questionnaire, serum CA125 measurement and vaginal examination. Females with either an elevated CA125 level or abnormal vaginal examination had a pelvic ultrasound performed as a secondary procedure. The positive predictive values of an elevated serum CA125 level, and a combination of CA125 level measurement and vaginal examination for ovarian cancer, were 1/100 and 1/3, respectively. The specificities of serum CA125 levels, vaginal examination and both in combination were 96.1%, 98.5% and 99.9%, respectively. In postmenopausal females the positive predictive values were improved with CA125 measurement alone, giving a positive predictive value of 1/24. Seventeen females underwent operative procedure as a result of the screening—only one of these was for an ovarian cancer. The combination of serum CA125 measurement and vaginal examination is not an effective screening test in the general population, although in postmenopausal females it does achieve acceptable specificities and positive predictive values.     

The diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignant ovarian neoplasms

Ovariancanceristhemostfrequentcauseofdeath fromgynecologicalcancer.Almost90%ofpatientsare diagnosedwithmetastaticdiseaseinthepelvisorabdo menandforthesepatients5yearsurvivalratesareless than30%.Incontrast,thesmallproportionofpatients diagnosedwithstageIovariancancerconfinedtotheo varieshavea5yearsurvivalrateinexcessof90%[1].Tumormarkerisakindofsubstancecorrelatedwiththe occurrenceoftumor.Itarisesfromthetumortissue,ex istsinthetumor,orexcretesintobloodorotherbody fluid[2].Nowadaysmorethan100ki…     

The diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignant ovarian neoplasms

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignant ovarian neoplasm.Methods:Sera obtained from 430 patients with ovarian masses (110 cases were malignant ovarian tumors,320 cases were benign ovarian tumors) before operation,and from 50 healthy women as control.Serologic examination of tumor markers included CA125,TSGF,SA,CEA,AFP,HCG and Fer.Results:The serum levels of CA125,TSGF,SA and Fer in patients with ovarian cancer were higher than those in patients with benign ovarian tumors (P<0.05),also in control group (P<0.05).In the diagnostic value of application for malignant ovarian neoplasm,CA125,TSGF and SA were better than the others.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 86.4%,82.8%and 83.7% respectively for CA125 alone,78.2%,81.3%and 80.5% for TSGF alone,74.5%,81.9%and 80.0% for SA alone,whereas 95.5%,45.6%and 58.4% for multiple tumor markers combined in which 1 or more indices showed positive,93.6%,80.6%and 84.0% for that in which 2 or more indices showed positive,and 87.3%,90.3%and 89.5% for that in which 3 or more indices show positive.Conclusion:multiple tumor markers examination could improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer,and examination of CA125,TSGF and SA combined is most ideal.     

Diagnostic value of the morphological ultrasound score system and the serum concentration of CA 125 in the diagnosis of malignant ovarian cancer

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic value of the morphological ultrasound score system and the serum concentration of CA 125 in the diagnosis of malignant ovarian masses. The aim was realized by the evaluation of the statistical coefficients like sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in three groups tested by different methods (A--ultrasonography, B--serum concentration of CA 125, C--both methods). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed 59 patients (17-77 years old)--mean 46.5 +/- 14.8 with ovarian malignant masses diagnosed in years 1999-2001. RESULTS: Merz morphological ultrasound score system revealed its sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity--87.9%, positive predictive value--85.7% and negative predictive value--93.7%. Statistical coefficients for serum Ca 125 marker concentration was not so attractive: sensitivity--57.7%, specificity--90.9%, positive predictive value--83.4% and negative predictive value--73.2%. Using both methods at the same time we obtained significantly different coefficients: sensitivity--96.2%, specificity--80.0%, positive predictive value--78.1% and negative predictive value--96.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound assessment of ovarian morphology is very useful element in early detection of ovarian neoplasm. Serum CA 125 concentration assay is not a test verifying malignancy. Using both methods at the same time we increase its sensitivity and negative predictive value.     

Increased mortality in postmenopausal women with serum CA125 elevation.

OBJECTIVES: Serum CA125 is used in monitoring treatment and detecting recurrence in ovarian cancer (OC). We have also shown that CA125 can be used with ultrasound for the early detection of OC. However, physiological, benign, and malignant conditions are also associated with CA125 elevation. The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic implications of CA125 elevation in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. METHODS: The study involved 771 volunteers in an OC screening trial of 22,000 women who had elevated serum CA125 levels (>/=30 U/ml). The control group consisted of an equal number of volunteers with normal levels. Survival was analyzed from the first point of CA125 elevation. Univariate analyses utilized the log-rank chi2 test. A logistic model was constructed for the multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 1614 days (SD 897 days). Eighty-four women died (elevated CA125 group-62, control group-22). Univariate analyses showed that mortality in the elevated CA125 group was significantly greater (log-rank chi2 = 23.556, P < 0.0001, RR = 2.76), even when preexisting morbid conditions were excluded (log-rank chi2 = 14.644, P = 0.0001, RR = 2.4). Multivariate analysis showed that CA125 elevation, age (>60 years), and a prior history of cancer were associated with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Serum CA125 elevation is associated with a significantly increased risk of death from all causes in the next 5 years. These findings may have implications for asymptomatic postmenopausal women with CA125 elevation.     

Ovarian cancer screening

For populations in which preventive measures have been applied for the more common causes of death, the early detection of ovarian cancer becomes the next focus of efforts to reduce premature death among women. Data regarding the effectiveness of ultrasonography in detecting early-stage ovarian cancer are reviewed. Ultrasonography is more sensitive than pelvic examination in detecting ovarian abnormalities but lacks specificity in distinguishing benign from malignant ovarian lesions. Combined with serum CA 125 levels, ultrasonography may provide an effective screening tool, although cost-effectiveness has not been demonstrated and its effectiveness in reducing mortality from ovarian cancer has not been completely evaluated. Guidelines are presented for the use of ultrasonography in evaluating the postmenopausal ovary.     

彩色多普勒超声鉴别良恶性卵巢肿瘤的研究

目的　探讨经腹部、阴道二维超声及彩色多普勒鉴别良、恶性卵巢肿瘤的特点及意义。方法　自2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 1月 ,对 2 5 0例卵巢肿瘤进行二维超声及彩色多普勒检测 ,并对良恶性卵巢肿瘤的形态、包膜、腹水、周边、内部血流阻力指数及血清CA12 5进行比较。结果　良恶性卵巢肿瘤的形态、包膜差异有显著性(P <0 0 1)。 6 4 %的恶性肿瘤可测出腹水 ,而良性肿瘤腹水仅占 0 7%。两者周边血流差异无显著性 ( P >0 0 5 ) ,内部血流差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;17例中晚期恶性卵巢肿瘤病人的血清CA12 5均增高。结论　超声形态学和彩色多普勒探查卵巢肿瘤的动脉血流阻力指数 ,辅助血清CA12 5测值 ,是鉴别良恶性卵巢肿瘤的有效方法