CD44V6在表皮肿瘤及亚性黑素瘤的表达

目的 研究ＣＤ４４Ｖ６在鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌黑素瘤的表达。方法 免疫组织化学对石蜡包埋组织进行检测。结果 １０例鳞状细胞癌ＣＤ４４Ｖ６膜表达阳性，且随癌细胞分化程度降低ＣＤ４４Ｖ６表达下调，１０例基底癌和８例恶性黑素瘤不表达ＣＤ４４Ｖ６。结论 ＣＤ４４Ｖ６的表达与皮肤肿瘤的类型有关。     

CXCR7在常见皮肤恶性肿瘤及其细胞株中的表达及意义

目的 探讨趋化因子受体CXCR7在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、侵袭性皮肤黑素瘤及其细胞株中的表达及其意义。方法 收集30例皮肤鳞状细胞癌、25例基底细胞癌、30例皮肤黑素瘤的癌组织,采用免疫组织化学方法,检测CXCR7蛋白表达水平。采用RT-PCR、细胞免疫组化方法检测CXCR7在A375、M14、A431、HaCaT细胞株中mRNA及蛋白水平。结果 CXCR7在侵袭性皮肤黑素瘤中表达明显,高表达率为80%（24/30）,皮肤鳞状细胞癌及基底细胞癌分别为26.67%（8/30）、8%（2/25）;皮肤黑素瘤CXCR7高表达率与鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为17.16和28.36,P值均 < 0.05）。CXCR7 mRNA在A375、M14、A431细胞株中均可检出,其中A375表达最强,而HaCaT细胞不表达;细胞免疫组化显示,仅在A375细胞见棕黄色颗粒着色。结论 皮肤黑素瘤及其细胞株A375高表达CXCR7,其可能参与了其恶性侵袭与转移。     

皮肤鳞状细胞癌,基底细胞癌,恶性黑素瘤449例统计分析

皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、恶性黑素瘤４４９例统计分析孙桂珍，张宗琴，朱晓琳，蓝毓滨，李春梅，宁晓明皮肤鳞状细胞癌（ＳＣＣ），基底细胞癌（ＢＣＣ），恶性黑素瘤（ＭＭ）是皮肤科常见的恶性肿瘤，我们统计了１９７８年１月～１９９２年１２月（１９９０年末统计...     

水通道蛋白3在四种皮肤肿瘤中的表达

目的 探讨水通道蛋白3（AQP3）在四种皮肤肿瘤组织中的表达及意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测30例脂溢性角化病、15例Bowen病、32例鳞状细胞癌、17例恶性黑素瘤及15例正常人皮肤组织中AQP3的表达。结果 脂溢性角化病、Bowen病、鳞状细胞癌、恶性黑素瘤及正常人表皮组织中均存在AQP3蛋白的表达;脂溢性角化病皮损中AQP3表达水平与正常人对照组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;Bowen病、鳞状细胞癌及恶性黑素瘤皮损中AQP3蛋白表达显著高于正常人对照组（P < 0.01）,其中鳞状细胞癌与恶性黑素瘤的表达最强,均显著高于Bowen病（P < 0.01）,但鳞状细胞癌与恶性黑素瘤比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。此外,在鳞状细胞癌中AQP3的表达与肿瘤的分化有显著相关性（P < 0.01）;在已转移恶性黑素瘤中AQP3的表达显著高于未转移恶性黑素瘤（P < 0.05）。结论 AQP3在皮肤恶性肿瘤中表达上调。     

外阴白色病变、鳞状上皮内瘤样变及外阴鳞状细胞癌中CD44v6的表达

目的　探讨CD44v6与外阴鳞状细胞癌发生、发展和侵袭转移的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SP法对外阴正常皮肤、外阴白色病变、鳞状上皮内瘤样变及外阴鳞状细胞癌中CD44v6进行检测。结果　正常皮肤无CD44v6表达 ;在外阴白色病变中其阳性率为 2 6.7%;鳞状上皮内瘤样变中为 5 3 .3 %;外阴鳞状细胞癌中为 73 .3 %。在外阴鳞状细胞癌中CD44v6阳性率与临床分期呈正相关 ;有淋巴结转移者阳性率为 92 .3 %,明显高于无淋巴结转移者 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CD44v6与外阴鳞状细胞癌淋巴结转移密切相关。     

干细胞标志物CD133、nestin和CD44在恶性黑素瘤皮损中的表达及意义

目的 探讨干细胞标志物CD133、nestin和CD44在恶性黑素瘤中的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测3种标记物在30例恶性黑素瘤及30例皮内痣皮损中的表达.结果 CD133、nestin和CD44在恶性黑素瘤组织中的阳性表达率分别是53.33%,80.00%和20.00%,在皮内痣分别是23.33%,53.33%和0,两组各标志物阳性率差异比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CD133、nestin和CD44在恶性黑素瘤组织中阳性细胞率平均值分别为2.98%±5.62%,34.92%±34.89%和1.28%±3.26%,在皮内痣分别为0.10%±0.21%,7.26%±13.13%和0,两组各标志物差异比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组中阳性细胞率与患者性别、年龄、病程比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 干细胞标志物CD133、nestin和CD44在恶性黑素瘤中高表达,在皮内痣中低表达或不表达,提示恶性黑素瘤中可能存在肿瘤干细胞.     

CD44在某些皮肤肿瘤中表达的初步研究

目的：探讨CD44在皮肤肿瘤中的表达情况。方法：免疫组化法。结果：在鳞癌和基癌中,癌巢距表皮越近,CD44的表达越强;反之,CD44的表达越弱。在痣细胞痣和恶性黑素瘤（恶黑）标本中,CD44标准型（CD44S）均表达。在其它皮肤肿瘤中,CD44的表达同正常皮肤。结论：在鳞癌和基癌中,CD44的表达与癌巢距表皮的远近有关。CD44S的表达与痣细胞的良性或恶性无关。     

手术治疗面部皮肤恶性肿瘤

目的　探讨面部皮肤恶性肿瘤的手术及修复的临床经验。方法 2000年1月至2006年12月,收治面部皮肤恶性肿瘤65例,其中基底细胞上皮瘤47例,鳞状细胞癌10例,隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤3例,恶性黑素瘤2例,棘皮瘤恶变、血管内皮肉瘤、皮脂腺癌各1例,均予扩大切除,术中作冰冻切片监测手术切缘及基底,分别采用直接缝合、邻位随意皮瓣、扩张皮瓣、游离皮片移植修复。结果 65例患者均一期修复,皮片和皮瓣100%存活,术区外形和功能满意。随访6个月至5年,基底细胞上皮瘤局部复发1例;鳞状细胞癌1例颈部淋巴结转移,1例局部复发;恶性黑素瘤1例去世,余无局部复发和转移。结论 彻底切除面部皮肤恶性肿瘤是预防术后复发的关键。适宜的修复有助于容貌恢复,其中以邻位随意皮瓣的效果较好。     

皮肤鳞状细胞癌CD44v6蛋白表达

采用免疫组织化学及图像分析技术对66例皮肤鳞状细胞癌、12例淋巴结转移灶、11例假性上皮瘤样增生、10例正常皮肤进行检测，探讨CD44v6与皮肤鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展与转移的关系。结果表明鳞状细胞癌CD44v6表达下调，且分化越差下调越明显，与是否转移及发病部位无关。提示CD44v6对维持表皮正常结构起重要作用，并与细胞增殖分化程度 有关，可以作为一个研究皮肤鳞状细胞癌发生发展的分子标志。     

Hyaluronan,CD44 and versican in epidermal keratinocyte tumours

BACKGROUND: The high molecular weight polysaccharide hyaluronan is a major component of the extracellular matrix between the vital cells of human skin epidermis. The levels of hyaluronan, and those of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 and the hyaluronan binding proteoglycan versican, correlate with the aggressiveness of different human carcinomas of epithelial origin. OBJECTIVES: To study skin keratinocyte tumours for the expression of hyaluronan, the hyaluronan receptor CD44 and the hyaluronan binding proteoglycan versican. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded sections of 114 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 31 in situ carcinomas (ISC) and 35 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were stained with a hyaluronan specific probe, biotinylated hyaluronan binding complex, and with monoclonal antibodies against CD44 and versican. RESULTS: Compared with normal epidermis, ISC and well differentiated SCCs showed an enhanced hyaluronan signal on carcinoma cells while CD44 expression level resembled that of normal skin. Less differentiated SCCs showed reduced and irregular expression of both hyaluronan and CD44 on carcinoma cells. In BCCs, hyaluronan and CD44 signals were absent or very low on the surface of carcinoma cells. However, hyaluronan was frequently present on BCC cell nuclei, a feature completely absent in ISC, SCC and normal epidermis. An accumulation of hyaluronan in the connective tissue stroma around the tumour was more frequent in SCCs than BCCs. Versican staining was positive around hair follicles and dermal blood vessels of normal skin. Peritumoral versican signal was present in a part of the BCCs but not in other tumours. CONCLUSIONS: The completely different hyaluronan and CD44 expression patterns in BCC and SCC probably reflect the different origins of the tumours, with BCC an undifferentiated keratinocyte and SCC a keratinocyte at an early stage in the differentiation pathway. The difference in hyaluronan and CD44 expression between these tumours may also contribute to the difference in their capacity to metastasize.     

Depletion of cell surface CD44 in nonmelanoma skin tumours is associated with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7

Background  Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 and MMP-9 is low in the normal epidermis and is induced by physiological processes such as wound healing, but also malignant transformation of epidermal cells. The activity of both MMPs has been associated with the hyaluronan (HA) receptor CD44. We previously reported that the levels of CD44 and HA differ between the two types of epidermal tumours, basal (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as between different grades of SCC.
Objectives  To investigate if the immunostaining patterns of MMP-7 and MMP-9 correlate to those of CD44 and HA in BCC and SCC.
Methods  Paraffin sections from 71 BCCs, 21 in situ SCCs and 27 SCCs were immunostained for MMP-7 and -9.
Results  Positive immunostaining for MMP-7 and MMP-9 was found in tumour cells of both BCC and SCC, while the staining intensity tended to be stronger in SCC. The staining intensity of MMP-7 was inversely correlated with that of CD44 in both tumour types. In well-differentiated SCC, the intensity of MMP-7 was generally weak, while CD44 staining was strong and homogeneously distributed. In poorly differentiated SCC, an increase in MMP-7 was seen, and the staining intensity of CD44 became weak and was locally absent. No correlation was seen between MMP-9 and CD44 or either of the two MMPs and HA.
Conclusions  Our results show that in nonmelanoma skin tumours MMP-7 and -9 are present in the tumour cells, and suggest a link between MMP-7 activity and the depletion of cell surface CD44.     

Investigation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone-proopiomelanocortin axis in various skin tumours

BACKGROUND: Various types of external stress cause the skin and central neuroendocrine system to express corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) axis-related hormones. However, the precise role of the CRH-POMC axis-related hormones in various skin tumours is unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study examined expression patterns of the CRH-POMC axis-related hormones in skin tumours. METHODS: The production of CRH, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in various tumour cell lines including HaCaT and primary keratinocytes was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical analysis of the skin tumours was also performed. RESULTS: CRH, ACTH and alpha-MSH were strongly expressed in malignant skin tumour cell lines such as G-361 and DX-3 (both malignant melanoma, MM). However, normal and haematological malignancy cell lines did not express the CRH-POMC axis-related hormones. Immunohistochemical analysis of the skin tumours showed that MM (80%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 70%) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 10%) had strong immunoreactivity (++/+++) for CRH. Strong ACTH and alpha-MSH expression was observed in MM (70% and 50%, respectively), SCC (80% and 60%, respectively) and BCC (70% and 50%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We report that an increase in the level of the CRH-POMC axis-related hormones is associated with malignant skin tumours such as MM. These results highlight the importance of the CRH-POMC axis-related hormones in the malignant tendency of skin tumours.     

Skin cancer trends in Northern Ireland and consequences for provision of dermatology services

BACKGROUND: The incidence of skin cancer, both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), is rising throughout the world. The evaluation of trends in skin cancer will allow better planning of the future development of skin cancer services. OBJECTIVES: Using data collected from the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry (NICR), the incidence of the three major cutaneous cancers, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM), was determined and the workload associated with their management assessed. METHODS: The records of patients with a first diagnosis of BCC, SCC or MM occurring between 1993 and 2002 were retrieved from the NICR database. The annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of all three skin cancers were computed per 100 000 person-years by direct standardization according to the European Standard Population. Trends in incidence were estimated by calculating the estimated annual percentage change using Microsoft Excel. For patients registered with the NICR as having BCC, SCC or MM, the number of pathological reports where malignant samples had been examined was counted and then summed to provide the number of specimens examined each year between 1993 and 2004. RESULTS: For all three cancers the age-specific rates for both males and females increased with age, except for MM in men aged 75 years and over, where the rates were seen to decrease. Over the 12-year period there was a 62% increase in the overall number of skin cancer samples processed by local pathology laboratories and a 20% increase in the number of patients. These data highlight the fact that many patients will have more than one skin cancer, which reinforces the benefit in collecting data for both patient and sample numbers in order to obtain a true reflection of the workload. The data have also shown that more affluent men and women have higher rates of BCC and MM than their less affluent counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the data presented it is clear that management of NMSC and MM will impose significant demands on services in the years ahead. This will impact on the entire multidisciplinary team. Future planning, in terms of manpower and resources, will prove essential if we are to remain in a position to manage our patients with these malignant tumours appropriately.     

组织蛋白酶D在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌和脂溢性角化病的组织表达及其意义

目的：观察组织蛋白酶D（cathepsinD，CD）在皮肤鳞状细胞癌（SCC）、基底细胞癌（BCC）、脂溢性角化病（SK）的组织表达，分析其表达差异及其意义。方法：用免疫组化SP染色法检测CD在15例SCC、15例BCC、14例SK及10例正常对照皮肤组织中的表达。结果：CD在正常皮肤组织表达为阴性．在SK、BCC、SCC瘤组织中表达依次升高，在SCC、SK之间表达有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；CD在SK、BCC、SCC间质细胞表达阳性率分别为85．7％、66，7％、33．3％。结论：CD的表达水平可能与SCC侵袭和转移有关。     

Morphological aspects of human malignant skin tumours. A freeze-fracture study

As a part of a systematic in vivo and in vitro study on epithelial skin tumours, freeze-fracture investigations were carried out together with transmission electron microscopy and cell kinetics. The most important advantage of freeze-fracturing in relation to the classical electron microscopical techniques is the visualization of membrane surface specializations such as nuclear pores, pinocytotic vesicles and particularly intercellular junctions. Biopsy material from keratoacanthoma (KA), nodular solid basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Bow-en's disease with invasive squamous carcinoma (BDC) and malignant melanoma (MM) was investigated. Cell and nuclear polymorphism with alteration of the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was observed in SCC, BDC and MM, while BCC exhibited a very homogenous size, shape and arrangement of the cells. The tumours commonly possessed interdigitation of their plasma membranes. Cytoplasmic organelles such as Golgi apparatus and lysosomal vesicles were highly developed in SCC and MM. In the latter, melanosomes, melanosome complexes and dendritic processes were impressive. Giant, lobulated nuclei were characteristic for SCC, BDC and MM. It could be established that – with the exception of MM, where no intercellular junctions were demonstrable – all tumours revealed various types of junctions, i.e. desmosomes, gap junctions and tight junctions, but so far no definite prevalence of the various functional structures could be demonstrated in these tumours. Nevertheless, desmosomes occurred regularly in BCC and also in SCC. Gap junctions were striking in SCC and KA; tight junctions were found in BCC, SCC and BDC. Pinocytotic vesicles could be demonstrated in all tumours with distinct differences in frequency and distribution patterns. In BCC pinocytotic vesicles appeared uniformly and closely arranged in great areas. In KA, SCC, BDC and MM they were more scarcely scattered in an irregular or patch-like pattern. Nuclear pores were abundant in SCC and MM.     

Cutaneous lip tumours treated with Mohs micrographic surgery: clinical features and surgical outcome

BACKGROUND: The Australian Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) database was initiated in 1993 by the Skin and Cancer Foundation Australia (SCFA) with the aim of collecting prospective data, and involved all Mohs surgeons in the country. OBJECTIVES: To present a large series of patients with cutaneous lip tumours treated with MMS in Australia between 1993 and 2002. METHODS: This prospective multicentre case series included all patients with cutaneous lip tumours who were monitored by the SCFA. The main outcome measures were patient demographics, reason for referral, duration of tumour, site, preoperative tumour size and postoperative defect size, recurrences prior to MMS, histological subtypes, perineural invasion and 5-year recurrence after MMS. RESULTS: There were 581 patients (66.1% women and 33.9% men, P < 0.0001) with a mean +/- SD age of 58 +/- 15 years. The upper lip was the most common site involved (81.1%). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was diagnosed in 82.3%, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 16.5%, Bowen's disease (BD) in 0.7% and microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) in 0.5% of cases. BCC was more common on the upper lip and in women, whereas SCC was more common on the lower lip and in men (P < 0.0001). Most upper lip tumours occurred in women (75.4%), whereas most lower lip tumours occurred in men (73.6%). SCC was associated with a larger tumour and postoperative defect size compared with the other tumours. The 5-year recurrence for BCC was 3.0%, and there were no cases of recurrence for SCC, BD or MAC. CONCLUSIONS: BCC was the most common cutaneous lip tumour managed by MMS, and was significantly more common on the upper lip and in women. The low 5-year recurrence rate emphasizes the importance of margin-controlled excision.