硝基苯对小鼠睾丸细胞酶的作用

以剂量为１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重、５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的硝基苯（ＮＢ）分别给雄性小白鼠经口染毒。染毒２天后，各染毒组的睾丸组织中Ｇ－６－ＰＤ、ＬＤＨ－ｘ、ＳＤＨ的活性均明显低于对照组。染毒４天后，染毒组Ｇ－６－ＰＤ活性恢复到对照水平；ＬＤＨ－ｘ的１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重组恢复到对照水平，而５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ组仍明显低于对照组；ＳＤＨ活性染毒组仍低于对照组。ＬＰＯ值在染毒２天、４天后与对照组相比均无显著差异。     

低剂量甲基汞对小鼠胸腺和脾细胞周期进程的影响

雄性昆明小鼠连续饮用含甲基汞浓度为１／１０００ＬＤ５０,１／１００ＬＤ５０,１／５０ＬＤ５０和１／１０ＬＤ５０有自来水９０天,采用ＦＡＣＳｃａｎ流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）分析胸腺和脾细胞周期进程,发现除１／１０００ＬＤ５０剂量组外,其余各剂量组从Ｇ０／Ｇ１时相进入Ｓ时相的脾细胞百分数均明显高艰（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与染毒剂量呈明显天正相关,而胸腺细胞周期进程与对照组无明显差异。提示连续经口摄入低剂量甲基汞水     

低剂量甲基汞在小鼠体内分布及其对细胞周期进程的影响

连续９０天饮用含甲基汞浓度为１／１０００ＬＤ５０、１／１００ＬＤ５０、１／５０ＬＤ５０和１／１０ＬＤ５０的自来水的雄性昆明小鼠，各脏器中总汞含量均高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００５），并且随着染毒剂量增加，脏器中总汞含量也随之增高。同时采用ＦＡＣＳｃａｎ流式细胞仪和“ＣｅｌｌＦＩＴ”软件分析脾细胞周期进程，发现除１／１０００ＬＤ５０剂量组外，其余各剂量组从Ｇｏ／Ｇ１时相进入Ｓ时相的脾细胞百分数均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），与染毒剂量呈明显正相关。表明连续经口摄入低剂量甲基汞小鼠脾细胞周期进程加快，细胞ＤＮＡ复制增强。     

氯化甲基汞对卵巢细胞酶及其线粒体的影响

用氯化甲基汞（以１／２００ＬＤ５０、１／２０ＬＤ５０和１／２ＬＤ５０即０．１９２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１．９２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１９．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量）给昆明种雌性小鼠经口染毒，然后测定卵巢细胞中的ＬＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤ和ＳＤＨ活性，同时做卵巢细胞线粒体的电镜观察。结果表明：各剂量组的ＬＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤ活性明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１／２ＬＤ５０和１／２０ＬＤ５０组的ＳＨＤ活性也明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。从电镜看到线粒体膜较完整，但在１／２ＬＤ５０和１／２０ＬＤ５０组中的线粒体嵴数目减少，甚至完全消失，基质呈空泡状改变。总之，酶活性改变，能量代谢的异常和线粒体的损伤可能是氯化甲基汞造成卵巢细胞功能改变的重要原因。     

甲基汞对卵巢细胞酶及其线粒体的影响

用氯甲基汞（以１／２００ＬＤ５０、１／２０ＬＤ５０和１／２ＬＤ５０即０．１９２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１．９２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１９．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量）给昆明种雌性小鼠经口染毒，然后测定卵巢细胞中的ＬＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤ和ＳＤＨ活性，同时做卵巢细胞线粒体的电镜观察。结果表明：各剂量组的ＬＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤ活性明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１／２ＬＤ５０和１／２０ＬＤ５０组的ＳＤＨ活性也明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。从电镜看到线粒体膜较完整，但在１／２ＬＤ５０和１／２０ＬＤ５０组中的线粒体嵴数目减少，甚至完全消失，基质呈空泡状改变。总之，酶活性改变，能量代谢的异常和线粒体的损伤可能是氯化甲基汞造成卵巢细胞功能改变的重要原因。     

氯化甲基汞对小鼠卵巢细胞周期的影响

为探讨氯化甲基汞对雌性动物生殖系统的影响，采用氯化甲基汞给雌性昆明种小鼠急性染毒，剂量为１／２００ ＬＤ５０，１／２０ ＬＤ５０和１／２ ＬＤ５０，染毒后采用ＦＡＣ－Ｓｃａｎ流式细胞仪技术分析了氯化甲基汞对卵巢细胞周期的影响。结果表明：１／２０ ＬＤ５０组和１／２ ＬＤ５０组中处于Ｇ０／Ｇ１期时相的细胞百分数高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），而１／２－ ＬＤ５０组和１／２ ＬＤ５０组的Ｓ期时相的细胞的百     

冠心病患者体内脂质过氧化损伤的临床研究

本文测定了３０例ＣＨＤ患者及２０例健康者血脂、ＬＰＯ、ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ—ＰＸ水平，发现ＣＨＤ患者血浆ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＢ、ＬＰＯ、ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平明显超过健康对照者，而其血浆ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡ１、ＡｐｏＡ１／ＡｐｏＢ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ水平均明显低于健康对照者，并发现ＣＨＤ患者血浆ＬＰＯ水平与ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ、ＡｐｏＢ水平呈明显正相关，与ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ、ＡｐｏＡ１／ＡｐｏＢ水平呈明显负相关。提示ＣＨＤ患者体内存在明显的脂质过氧化损伤，其损伤的严重程度与体内脂质代谢以及抗氧化酶活性水平有关     

紫苏油和松籽油对大鼠机体脂类和脂质过氧化的影响

在高脂饲料中分别加入６％的紫苏油和松籽油，在实验动物总能量与主要营养素摄入基本相同、脂肪占总能量３２．６％的条件下饲喂Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性成年大鼠３周。结果表明，紫苏油和松籽油对高脂血症大鼠均有一定的调整血脂作用。紫苏油和松籽油组大鼠血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）的比值（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤ－Ｌ－Ｃ）、致动脉粥样硬化指数（ＡＩ）的增加值和ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ、卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）活性的下降均不同程度地低于单纯食猪油的高脂对照组。紫苏油尚可提高高脂血症大鼠血清ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅱ胆固醇（ＨＤＬ２Ｃ）水平及ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ与高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅲ胆固醇（ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）比值（ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）；松籽油未见显著升高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ作用。各组动物血清ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ水平无显著差异。紫苏油和松籽油组大鼠肝体比值低于高脂对照组。紫苏油组大鼠肝脏过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量高于松籽油和高脂对照组。但与正常组比较，紫苏油、松籽油和高脂对照组大鼠肝体比值、肝脂质含量、肝组织病理学检查显示的肝脂变程度和肝脏ＬＰＯ含量均增高，而肝组织中谷胱?     

玉米油和猪油对大鼠血脂血糖代谢和脑脂褐质影响的比较研究

采用幼年ＳＤ雄性大鼠３０只，体重１５０±２０ｇ，随机分成三组，每组１０只：（１）基础饲料组：普通大鼠饲料；（２）猪油组：基础饲料中加入１０％猪油和１．５％胆固醇；（３）玉米油组：在基础饲料中加入１０％玉米油和１．５％胆固醇，饲养９周，比较玉米油和猪油对大鼠血脂血糖和脑脂褐质的不同影响。结果表明，玉米油组ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平较猪油组低，虽然两组均高于基础饲料组。玉米油组的ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比猪油升高不显著，但ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ（％）增加，同时ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值下降。基础饲料组，猪油组和玉米油组的大鼠平均血清ＴＧ分别为１.２８，１.２１和１.４５（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），各组之间的差别不显著。高脂饲料组动物的空腹血糖（ＳＧ）较基础饲料组高，但差别无统计学意义。三组不同饲料大鼠的脑脂褐质（ＬＰＦ）含量测定结果显示:基础饲料组大鼠的ＬＰＦ平均值１２.９Ｕ／ｇ蛋白质，而玉米油组和猪油组均明显升高，分别为２８.３和２８.８Ｕ／ｇ蛋白质。在以血脂各项指标为自常量，大脑ＬＰＦ含量为因变量的相关分析中发现，ＬＰＦ与ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ呈正相关，相关系数分别为０.６９１和０.５４７，Ｐ＜０.０１．     

甲基汞对小鼠卵巢线粒体ATP酶活性的影响

甲基汞急性染毒后，小鼠卵巢线粒体ＡＴＰ酶活性测定结果表明：１／２００ＬＤ５０组有上升趋势，１／２０ＬＤ５０组有下降趋势，而１／２ＬＤ５０组则显著下降。随着甲基汞剂量的增大，小鼠体重下降显著。提示高剂量甲基汞对卵巢线粒体的功能及机体有一定的损害作用。     

甲基汞对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞凋亡作用

目的研究甲基汞对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞凋亡及其作用机制。方法采用原位末端标记（TUNEL）和免疫组织化学方法研究甲基汞对小鼠睾丸生殖凋亡及其凋亡基因的表达。结果甲基汞可使雄性小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的凋亡率增加，随着甲基汞染毒剂量的增加，1150LD50、1／10LD50组凋亡率与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．0S）。1／10LD50剂量染毒组低于1150LD50组，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Fas、Fas—L、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）表达增强，11100LD50组阳性表达率最高，与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），随着染毒剂量的增加。各染毒组的阳性表达率有所下降。结论甲基汞可以诱导雄性小鼠生殖细胞的凋亡。     

镉、铅、乐果和对硫磷雌激素样联合作用初步研究

目的探讨镉、铅、乐果和对硫磷对未成年雌性小鼠雌激素样联合作用。方法选择断乳后17天龄SPF级雌性昆明小鼠192只,体重(25±2)g,随机分为16个组:空白对照组,氯化镉、醋酸铅、乐果和对硫磷组单独作用12个组,联合作用3个组。给药浓度为氯化镉、醋酸铅、乐果和对硫磷LD50(分别为9.3、140、45和3mg/kg)的1/20、1/50及1/100,给药体积为10ml/kg BW,每天腹腔注射,连续3天。实验第4天,处死小鼠,测量子宫脏器系数、子宫上皮细胞高度及子宫雌激素受体(ER)表达。结果氯化镉1/50LD50、醋酸铅1/50LD50及联合作用1/100LD50剂量组能显著改变子宫脏器系数;氯化镉各剂量组、醋酸铅1/20LD50剂量组和联合作用的1/20LD50、1/50LD50剂量组可引起未成年雌性小鼠子宫上皮细胞高度的显著增加,即引起子宫内膜的明显增生;除氯化镉和乐果的1/20LD50、1/50LD50剂量组其他所有实验组与空白对照比较均能显著增强雌激素受体(ER)的表达。结论镉、铅、乐果和对硫磷对未成年雌性小鼠雌激素样联合作用与单因素作用存在显著差异,且在不同剂量不同指标中表现不尽相同。     

甲基汞对小鼠睾丸功能的影响

The results showed that the amount of methylmercury (MeHg) in testis correlated positively with exposure doses (r = 0.99 P less than 0.01). MeHg affected the process of spermatogenesis, causing decrease of sperm count and increase of sperm abnormalities. Pathological and electron microscopic examinations indicated that spermatogenic cells were damaged by MeHg especially spermatogonium and spermatocyte. Changes of microstructure were mainly degeneration, fragmentation vacuolation and large lipid drop formation of spermatogenic cells. The acrosome of many spermatids showed obvious changes. Destruction of blood-testis barrier was observed in 1/10 LD50 group. Quantitative histological examination also confirmed that MeHg resulted in lessening of its area of seminiferous tubules and reduction of germ cells. The contents of testosterone were not decreased in the treated groups other than the 1/10 LD50 group.     

IgM antibody production in mice intraperitoneally injected with zirconium oxychloride

The effect of zirconium (Zr) on the humoral immune response was studied by measuring the level of IgM-plaque forming cells (IgM-PFC) against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the spleen of C57 BL mice intraperitoneally injected with zirconium oxychloride. Two experiments, a single injection of zirconium oxychloride of 1/5, 1/10, 1/50, and 1/100 of the LD50 for intraperitoneal injection and continuous injection of 1/20, 1/40, and 1/80 of the LD50 every other day for two or four weeks in mice, were carried out. In the case of a single injection zirconium oxychloride was intraperitoneally injected on days -1, 0, +1, +2, and +3 in relation to SRBC immunisation. The following conclusions may be drawn from this study: (1) Zr was shown to have an adjuvant like activity in relation to the humoral immune response, at least to IgM antibody production; (2) this effect was recognised not only with a single injection with Zr but also after continuous injection; (3) a single injection of Zr was more effective when the mice were treated with Zr 24 hours before or after SRBC immunisation; and (4) with regard to an injected dose of Zr, it was shown that a lower dose (1/50, 1/100 of the LD50 for a single injection and 1/40, 1/80 of the LD50 for continuous injection) led to a more enhanced level of IgM-PFC than a higher dose (1/5, 1/10 of the LD50 for a single injection, and 1/20 of the LD50 for continuous injection).     

IgM antibody production in mice intraperitoneally injected with zirconium oxychloride.

The effect of zirconium (Zr) on the humoral immune response was studied by measuring the level of IgM-plaque forming cells (IgM-PFC) against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the spleen of C57 BL mice intraperitoneally injected with zirconium oxychloride. Two experiments, a single injection of zirconium oxychloride of 1/5, 1/10, 1/50, and 1/100 of the LD50 for intraperitoneal injection and continuous injection of 1/20, 1/40, and 1/80 of the LD50 every other day for two or four weeks in mice, were carried out. In the case of a single injection zirconium oxychloride was intraperitoneally injected on days -1, 0, +1, +2, and +3 in relation to SRBC immunisation. The following conclusions may be drawn from this study: (1) Zr was shown to have an adjuvant like activity in relation to the humoral immune response, at least to IgM antibody production; (2) this effect was recognised not only with a single injection with Zr but also after continuous injection; (3) a single injection of Zr was more effective when the mice were treated with Zr 24 hours before or after SRBC immunisation; and (4) with regard to an injected dose of Zr, it was shown that a lower dose (1/50, 1/100 of the LD50 for a single injection and 1/40, 1/80 of the LD50 for continuous injection) led to a more enhanced level of IgM-PFC than a higher dose (1/5, 1/10 of the LD50 for a single injection, and 1/20 of the LD50 for continuous injection).     

乙二醛对小鼠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力及巯基含量的影响

目的：观察乙二醛对小鼠全血及组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及巯基含量的影响,以探讨乙二醛毒作用机制。方法：40只昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组和低、中、高(75,150,300mg／kg)3个剂量染毒组,腹腔注射乙二醛水溶液染毒,染毒24h后测定小鼠全血、肝、脑、心、肾组织中的GSH-Px活力、总巯基(T—SH)、非蛋白巯基(NP—SH)和蛋白巯基(PB—SH)的含量。结果：乙二醛可使小鼠全血和肝、肾GSH-Px活力下降;高剂量组的脑组织及各剂量组全血中T—SH及PB—SH含量增加,而高剂量组的全血、脑和肾脏及各剂量组肝脏的NP—SH含量下降。结论：乙二醛对全血和肝脏、肾脏的GSH-Px活力及对全血、肝、脑、肾中的NP-SH含量的影响主要表现为抑制。对全血及脑中TSH及．PB—SH含量的影响表现为应激性增高。     

Haematology and Blood Chemistry Changes in Mice Treated with Terbuthylazine and its Formulation Radazin TZ-50

TBA is an herbicide in general low acute toxicity and placed into a third category of toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TBA and its formulation Radazin TZ-50 in doses of ADI values and 1/100 LD 50 on haematological and biochemical blood parameters in mice. The number of leukocytes was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all treated groups compared to non-treated mice (8.81 ± 3.23 × 10⁹/L). The lowest value 3.90 ± 0.74 × 10⁹/L was observed in group treated with TBA (1/100 LD 50) followed by TBA (ADI) 4.49 ± 0.98 × 10⁹/L, Radazin TZ-50 (1/100 LD 50) 4.67 ± 1.24 × 10⁹/L and Radazin TZ-50 (ADI) 4.73 ± 1.15 × 10⁹/L. The values of the enzyme AST was increased from 190.00 ± 26.46–270.00 ± 147.30 U/L in serum of all treated groups as compared to non-treated mice (110.00 ± 20.00). LDH values showed significant increase (3236.67 ± 56.86–4054.33.5 ± 837.16 U/L) as compared to non-treated mice (1010.00 ± 222.71 U/L). Total protein value was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in TBA 1/100 LD50 (63.00 ± 7.48 g/L) and Radazin TZ-50 1/100 LD50 (60.00 ± 2.00 g/L) compared to non-treated mice 52.00 ± 4.00 g/L. Increased serum concentrations of urea and creatinine obtained in mice treated with TBA and Radazin TZ-50 indicates a greater degree of dysfunction of the nephron. TBA and its formulation of Radazin TZ-50 in applied doses demonstrate changes in the number of leukocytes and limited hepatotoxic effects.     

S型氯代甘油醇对雄性ICR小鼠生育力的影响

目的研究S型氯代甘油醇对雄性ICR小鼠生育能力及睾丸、附睾的组织病理学影响。方法雄性性成熟ICR小鼠64只,随机分为4组,每组16只。实验组分别给予1/40、1/20、1/10LD50(小鼠经口LD50117.54mg/kg)S型氯代甘油醇,对照组给予等体积双蒸水。连续灌胃染毒5天后,每组取4只雄鼠按雌/雄1∶1交配,此后每隔2天交配一次,持续2个月,观察S型氯代甘油醇对雄性小鼠交配指数和雄性生育力指数的影响。实验结束后,每组保留6只动物继续染毒至8个月后进行附睾精子计数和睾丸、附睾的组织病理学检查。结果①与对照组相比,染毒S型氯代甘油醇2个月未引起雄性ICR小鼠交配指数和雄性生育力指数显著降低(P>0.05);②染毒8个月未导致附睾精子数量显著降低(P>0.05),睾丸和附睾的组织病理学检查未见明显异常。结论低剂量长期染毒S型氯代甘油醇对雄性小鼠不具有抗生育作用。     

饮用水中2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌的体内急性毒性和遗传毒性研究

目的研究饮用水中2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌(2,6-DCBQ)对小鼠的急性毒性和遗传毒性作用。方法选择健康6~8周龄SPF级昆明小鼠进行试验。将50只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照(玉米油)组和215、464、1 000、2 150 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组,每组10只,雌雄各半。采用一次性经口灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg。染毒后观察14 d,记录动物死亡数,计算其半数致死剂量(median lethal dose,LD50)。将50只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为溶剂对照(玉米油)组和62.5、125和250 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组及阳性对照组(40 mg/kg环磷酰胺),每组10只,雌雄各半。采用灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg,两次灌胃间隔24 h;第二次灌胃后6 h,进行骨髓细胞微核试验。将50只雄性小鼠随机分为5组,分别为溶剂对照(玉米油)组和62.5、125和250 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组及阳性对照组(40 mg/kg环磷酰胺),每组10只。采用经口灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg,连续灌胃5 d。染毒后第35天,进行精子畸形试验。结果 2,6-DCBQ对雄性、雌性小鼠经口急性毒性的LD50分别为501 mg/kg(95%CI:344~730 mg/kg)和584 mg/kg(95%CI:430~794mg/kg)。不同剂量2,6-DCBQ染毒组小鼠的骨髓细胞微核率及精子畸形率与溶剂对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。各组PCE/NCE值均在正常范围内。结论 2,6-DCBQ对小鼠经口急性毒性属于低毒级,且未发现其具有遗传毒性。