三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者肝功能动态变化

目的 观察职业性三氯乙烯( trichloroethylene,TCE)药疹样皮炎患者血清肝功能指标动态变化,为TCE药疹样皮炎肝损害的治疗提供依据.方法 收集10例职业性TCE药疹样皮炎并发肝损害患者不同时间点血清,采用全自动生化分析仪测定血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白( ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、AST/ALT比值、白蛋白/球蛋白比值(A/G)等11项指标,分析各指标动态变化.结果 10例TCE药疹样皮炎患者11项肝功能指标变化范围是TP:43.2～74.2 g/L,ALB:24.6～44.6 g/L,A/G:0.77～2.10,TBIL:3.7～268.2 μmol/L,DBIL:1.0～166.0 μmol/L,IBIL:2.4～167.5 μmol/L,ALT:11～5985 U/L,AST:14～5586 U/L,GGT:15～1500 U/L,ALP:35～309 U/L,S/L:0.07～1.94.TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、GGT、ALP浓度明显升高,尤以ALT、AST、GGT变化最明显;ALT最高达5985U/L,AST最高达5586 U/L,GGT最高达1500 U/L.TP、ALB、S/L明显降低,TP最低降到43.2g/L,S/L最低至0.07.A/G基本保持不变,IBIL变化不规律.结论 TCE药疹样皮炎患者早期肝损害严重,病情易反复发作.     

儿童青少年Graves病及肝功能损害的临床特点

目的探讨儿童和青少年甲状腺机能亢进症（hyperthyroidism，HT）肝功能损害及其相关因素。方法对未经治疗119例儿童和青少年毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（Graves）患者分别采用化学发光免疫分析法检测FT3、VF4、s-TSH和放射免疫法测定CG血清。用速率生化分析法检测肝功能谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、谷草转氨酶（AST）及总胆红素（TB）血清，并排除肝脏本身病变所致肝功能异常。结果儿童和青少年Graves病临床表现与成人相仿。119例儿童和青少年Graves患者合并肝功能损害35例为29．4％，儿童组肝功能损害9例为7．6％，青少年组肝功能损害26例为21．8％。甲亢性肝损害与年龄密切相关，两组年龄差异有显著意义（P＜0．01），与性别无关（P＞0．05）。肝功能指标为成人不同以ALP异常为85．7％（30／35），其次ALT为71．4％（25／35），AST及TB为54．3％（19／35）异常，甘胆酸（CG）明显增高为94．3％（33／35），35例甲亢性肝功能损害患者血清FT3及FT4测定明显高于无肝功能损害患者（P＜0．05），而血清s—TSH则明显差异比无肝损害者低（P＜0．01）。结论儿童和青少年甲亢随年龄增长，发病率逐渐增加，治疗前易致肝损害，肝损害异常指标是以碱性磷酸酶增高，甲亢性肝功能损害发生率与甲状腺激素水平和年龄密切相关。     

The associations between birthweight and adult markers of liver damage and function

Evidence suggesting an effect of fetal growth on liver development and function stems from both animal and human studies. The association of birthweight with adult markers of liver damage and function was examined in a random sample of 2101 British women aged 60-79 years. Age-adjusted natural logged levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) decreased linearly across increasing thirds of birthweight. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher in women of the lowest third of the birthweight distribution compared with other women. No evidence was found for associations of birthweight with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and albumin. After full adjustment for social class, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, an increase in one standard deviation of birthweight (691 g) was associated with a 2% ([95% CI 0%, 4%], P = 0.021) decrease in the geometric mean of ALT, a 4% decrease in GGT ([95% CI 1%, 6%], P = 0.008) and a 2% decrease in ALP ([95% CI 0%, 3%], P = 0.001). Associations of birthweight with ALT and GGT, but not with ALP, were attenuated when adjusting for components of the metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest that factors affecting intrauterine growth may increase the propensity for adult liver damage. The attenuation of associations with adjustment for components of the metabolic syndrome is in line with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, indicated by elevated ALT and GGT, being the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, and of the influence of perinatal factors on this syndrome.     

Role of liver function enzymes in diagnosis of choledocholithiasis in biliary colic patients

Liver functional tests due to inflammatory process which induced by cholecystitis might changed and some clinicians suggested that these changes might help us to stone prediction in common bile ducts and decrease hazards of performing ERCP and other invasive procedures. Present study was performed for assessment of role of liver functional test in diagnosis of common bile duct stone in patients with cholecystitis and help in their management. Present prospective study was performed between April 2010 and March 2011 on 350 patients who come to our hospital with cholecystitis or biliary colic diagnosis. Patients with cholesistitis diagnosis were underwent operation for removing gall bladder stone and retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed for patients with suspicious to biliary colic and common bile duct (CBD) stones. Ultrasonography, aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and direct and total serum bilirubin were measured for all of participated patients. Mean of AST. ALT, ALP and total and direct bilirubin were had no significant differences between two study groups. In logistic regression analysis, after entering into the model only CBD diameter (OR: 20; P=0.00) and elevated serum level of ALT (OR: 2; P=0.04) were remained into the model and were known as independent predictor of cholelithiasis. Elevated level of liver enzymes had not main role in CBD diagnosis and ERCP had no to perform for suspicious CBD stone only with elevated liver enzyme and even with normal ultrasonography findings. Endosonography as non invasive procedure recommend for patients before ERCP.     

铝螯合剂对染铝大鼠肝酶谱及必需元素影响

目的探讨铝螫合剂1，2-二甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮（DHPO）对铝染毒大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）及肝脏中铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素的影响。方法 AlCl3染毒Wistar大鼠3周后分别给予不同剂量的DHPO1周，测定血清ALT、AST、ALP活力及肝脏中铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素含量。结果各组大鼠的ALT活力比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；低、中、高剂量组的AST活力显著低于模型组（P〈0．01）；低剂量组ALP活力与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；Al含量测定结果显示：低、中、高剂量组均显著低于模型组（P〈0．01），且含量呈下降趋势，中、高剂量组的大鼠肝脏中锌、铜、铁、钙、镁的含量与阴性对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论DHPO在促进排铝的同时，对肝脏中锌、铜、铁、钙、镁含量无影响，且在一定剂量范围内对AST、ALP活力具有恢复作用。     

肝损伤型毒蕈中毒的救治效果分析

目的探讨毒蕈中毒的临床特点和救治要点。 方法对同批5例肝损伤型毒蕈中毒患者于中毒3 d入院后的临床特点、氨基转移酶(ALT)、凝血功能(PT)、血小板数(PLT)和胆红素(TBIL)等变化进行回顾性分析。 结果中毒后第4天所有患者ALT、TBIL已明显升高,其中重症者ALT于第4天已达到高峰,随后快速下降,而TBIL进行性升高,于第7天后维持在高峰状态(TBIL>350 μmol,ALT<300 U/L),呈现"酶-胆分离"现象;中毒后第4天重症者PT活性显著降低(PT<20%),PLT随病情发展快速降低(PLT<50×10⁹/L),并维持在低水平;重症者约中毒4天后进入肝性昏迷,10 d内死亡。 结论尽早全肠灌洗、预见性血液灌流或早期血浆置换等是救治肝损伤型毒蕈中毒的关键。     

Modified Serum ALP Values and Timing of Apparition of Knee Epiphyseal Ossification Centers in Preterm Infants with Cholestasis and Risk of Concomitant Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity

The usefulness of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphorous in screening and monitoring of metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) still has some limitations, especially in preterm infants with concomitant conditions such as cholestasis. We aimed to assess a modification of serum ALP (M-ALP) as a biomarker for MBDP in preterm infants, and the use of ultrasound monitoring for the apparition of knee ossification centers as marker of bone mineralization. Biochemical and clinical registers were taken from 94 preterm newborns <32 weeks. A significant correlation existed between serum ALP and direct bilirubin (DB), expressed by the regression equation: M-ALP (IU/L) = 302.1 + 96.9 (DB (mg/dL)). The ratio ALP/M-ALP > 1 was demonstrated to be more specific (87.5%) in the diagnosis of MBDP than the cut-off value of serum ALP > 500 IU/L (62.5%). ALP/M-ALP > 1 showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MBDP, and a good correlation with specific bone ALP (B-ALP). Patients with the knee nucleus by post-menstrual week 37 had lower B-ALP compared to patients with no nucleus, and no patients with MBDP presented the nucleus by the 40th week. In the absence of reliable specific B-ALP, reinterpreting serum ALP values by M-ALP plus monitoring of knee ossification centers contribute to better management of MBDP in preterm infants with cholestasis.     

血清腺苷脱氨酶在监测慢性肝病进展中的临床意义

目的探讨血清腺苷脱氨酶在评估慢性肝病进展中的意义。方法观察组为慢性乙型肝炎患者168例,对照组选自社区健康人群,共50例研究对象,分别检测血清ADA、ALT、AST及ALP。结果观察组患者ADA水平显著高于对照组的健康观察对象(P<0.05),ADA随病情进展显著升高,分析ADA与ALT、AST及ALP相关性,ADA与三者显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论 ADA有助于检测慢性肝病的进展及预后。     

Serum liver function profiles in coking workers

Coking workers are regularly exposed to coke oven emissions (COE), which consist mainly of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. In a previous cross-sectional study, we found that coking and by-product workers with heavy exposure to COE in the older of two coke operation areas in Taiwan had higher serum activities of hepatic aminotransferase than the controls. In this study, we further examine the relationship of exposure to COE with liver function profiles in coking workers. Liver function profiles included serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (BIL). The exposed group included 88 workers working 3 months or more in the older coke oven plant. Fifty-nine referents, not visiting the coke operation areas in the last 3 months, came from the administrative area in the same company. Each participant wore a personal monitor that was used to measure benzene soluble fraction (BSF) of total particulates, as a surrogate of COE, for 3 consecutive days between August 1995 and February 1996. Serum liver function profiles, hepatitis B surface antigens, and anti-hepatitis C antibodies were examined in the morning following the exposure measurements. Exposure levels were categorized by exposure situations (high, medium, low) among coking workers. The high exposure group (n = 23) worked topside of the oven. The medium exposure group (n = 44) worked at the sideoven for more than 4 hr/day, whereas the low exposure group (n = 21) worked at the sideoven for less than 4 hr/day and mostly remained in the control rooms. The low exposure group was used as an internal comparison group. The median BSF concentrations for various exposure situations were as follows, high exposure group: 372 μg/m³, medium exposure group: 61 μg/m³, low exposure group: 49 μg/m³, and referents: 10 μg/m³. The coking workers (n = 88) did not significantly differ from the referents (n = 59) in any of the liver function profiles. Excluding the referents, workers in the high exposure group had a mean AST level that was 31% higher (95% confidence interval (CI) = 9–57%) and a mean ALT level that was 46% higher (95%CI = 7–98%) than those in the low exposure group after adjusting for appropriate confounders in multivariate models. The prevalence of an abnormal hepatocellular pattern (AST > 37 IU/L or ALT > 39 IU/L) was more common in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group (adjusted odds ratio = 4.4; 95% CI = 0.9–22.6). However, these associations were not found in GGT, ALP, or BIL. After controlling for the possible effects of nonoccupational factors on serum activity of AST and ALT, we conclude that increased AST and ALT levels among topside coking workers may be caused by heavy inhalation exposure to COE. Additionally, the adverse hepatic effect seems to be caused by a mixture of hazards, rather than a unique identifiable chemical. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:478–486, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

15例嗜血细胞综合征合并肝损伤的临床分析

目的 分析嗜血细胞综合征(HPS)合并肝损伤的临床特点.方法 对我院2006年1月至2010年12月就诊的15例HPS合并肝损伤患者的病因、临床特点及转归进行分析.结果 本组病例发病以持续高热(100.0%)、浆膜腔积液(80.0%)、黄疸(80.0%)、脾肿大(73.3%)、肝肿大(66.7%)、淋巴结肿大(60.0...     

4种血清酶在三硝基甲苯染毒致大鼠肝损伤中的变化及意义

[目的]观察三硝基甲苯(TNT)染毒致大鼠肝损伤时血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷氨酸氨基移换酶(ALT)、天门冬酸氨基移换酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活力变化情况,并探讨其意义。[方法]以50、100和200mg/kg体重剂量的TNT对大鼠每天一次经口染毒,分别于染毒2、4、6和8周后处死,测定血和肝组织TNT代谢产物2,6-二硝基-4-氨基甲苯(DNAT)水平、血靛青绿(ICG)10min滞留率(ICG_(R10))和血清LDH、ALT、AST、ALP的变化情况。[结果]TNT染毒大鼠血和肝组织DNAT均比对照组有明显升高,TNT染毒剂量与大鼠血清或肝组织DNAT呈显著性相关(P<0.01),血清与肝组织DNAT呈显著性相关(P<0.01);各TNT染毒组大鼠血清ICG_(R10)明显高于对照组。TNT高剂量染毒组大鼠血清LDH、ALT、AST和ALP活力有所降低,其他剂量组与对照组相比未见显著性变化;血清或肝组织DNAT与血清LDH呈显著性负相关(P<0.05或0.01),与ALT、AST和ALP均负相关,但未见显著性(P>0.05)。[结论]血清LDH、ALT、AST和ALP指标对TNT染毒诱导的大鼠肝损伤的反应并不敏感,似与TNT代谢产物DNAT对血清4种酶活力可能具有的一定抑制作用有关。     

Modulating influence of cytochrome P-450 MspI polymorphism on serum liver function profiles in coke oven workers

OBJECTIVES: It was reported previously that topside oven workers with heavy exposure to coke oven emissions had increased serum activities of hepatic aminotransferase in one coke oven plant. This study was conducted to investigate the modifying effect of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism on liver function profiles in coke oven workers. METHODS: 88 coke oven workers from a large steel company in Taiwan were studied in 1995-6. Exposure was categorised by work area: topside oven workers and sideoven workers. Liver function profiles including serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), r-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (BIL) were examined in the morning after personal exposure measurements. The MspI polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: Five of 23 (22%) topside oven workers and seven of 65 (11%) sideoven workers had the CYP1A1 MspI homozygous variant genotype. With sideoven workers with the combined wild type and heterozygous variant as the reference group in multiple regression models, it was found that topside oven workers with the combined traits had mean AST and ALT activities that were 21% and 46% higher (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4% to 42% and 12% to 91%, respectively) than the reference group after adjusting for appropriate confounders. Also, topside oven workers with the homozygous variant trait had mean AST, ALT, and GGT activities that were 59%, 68%, and 157% higher (95% CI 21% to 109%, 6% to 168%, and 39% to 374%, respectively) than the reference group. The prevalence of an abnormal hepatocellular pattern (AST > 37 IU/l or ALT > 39 IU/l) was more common in the topside oven workers with the homozygous variant than in the sideoven workers with the other combined genotypes (adjusted odds ratio 9.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 82.3) after adjusting for appropriate confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism may modify the biotransformation of coke oven emissions, which results in hepatocellular damage in coke oven workers.     

胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用

目的:研究胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物(CPCC)对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法:将小鼠随机分成正常、模型和胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物三组,正常组与模型组灌胃蒸馏水,CPCC组灌胃CPCC水溶液(Cr3+40μg/kg?d),灌胃4w后模型组和CPCC组腹腔注射四氧嘧啶造模,测定小鼠肝指数及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,测定肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时观察肝组织病理变化。结果:CPCC组可以非常显著地降低造模后小鼠肝指数及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。肝匀浆SOD、GSH-Px活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著下降,肝细胞损伤明显减轻。结论:CPCC对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤有保护作用。     

草铵膦的大鼠肝脏毒性

目的 了解除草剂草铵膦原药对大鼠肝脏的毒性作用.方法 将80只6周龄SD大鼠(体重140～160 g)随机分成4组,每组20只.草铵膦原药设100、250、500 mg/kg剂量组.每日经口灌胃染毒1次,连续90 d.对照组给予等量2%吐温水溶液.每周用电子称称量大鼠体重.90 d后检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活力,测定肝脏重量并计算肝脏系数,光学显微镜下对大鼠肝脏进行组织病理学检查.结果 连续染毒8周后与对照组比较,500mg/kg剂量组大鼠肝重(均P＜0.05)染毒90 d后,ALT、AST、ALP酶活力均升高(均P＜0.05);肝脏系数升高(均P＜0.05),肝脏组织有一定的病理改变.结论 500 mg/kg草铵膦原药对大鼠肝脏有一定的毒性作用.     

Serum hepatic biochemical activity in two populations of workers exposed to styrene

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether hepatic biochemical changes, as measured by routinely available tests indicative of hepatocellular necrosis, cholestasis, or altered hepatic clearance of bilirubin, occur in association with low to moderate exposure to styrene commonly experienced in industrial production.
METHODS—Two independent cross sectional studies were performed comparing serum hepatic transaminases (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), cholestatic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)), and bilirubin in (a) 47 workers of fibreglass reinforced plastics who were exposed to styrene and (b) 21 boat and tank fabricators, with separate referent groups of unexposed workers. Exposure to styrene was assessed in air by dosimetry, and in venous blood by headspace analysis. Hepatic biochemical variables were assessed across strata of exposure to styrene defined as 25 ppm in air, or 0.275 mg/l in blood, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and ethanol consumption.
RESULTS—A consistent and significant linear trend for increasing direct bilirubin and direct/total bilirubin ratio was found in association with increasing exposure to styrene, by both air and blood monitoring, in both studies. Mean direct bilirubin concentrations increased from 0.05-0.08 mg% in referents to 0.12-0.19 in workers exposed above 25 ppm, with a significant exposure-response trend (p<0.005). Significantly increased direct/total bilirubin ratios, ranging from 0.22 to 0.35 were associated with exposure to styrene (p<0.001), indicating diminished hepatic clearance of conjugated bilirubin. Also, a significant linear association between the hepatic transaminases ALT and AST and exposure to styrene was found in pooled regression analyses, with an increase in AP of about 10 IU/ml in workers exposed above 25 ppm air or 0.275 mg/l blood styrene in pooled analyses from both studies.
CONCLUSIONS—The consistent finding of increased direct bilirubin and AP concentrations in these two independent studies provides evidence for diminished hepatic clearance of conjugated bilirubin with associated cholestasis in workers exposed to styrene. The finding of a significant linear association between hepatic transaminase concentrations and exposure to styrene in pooled analyses is consistent with mild hepatic injury and associated metabolic dysfunction.


Keywords: hepatotoxicity; styrene; surveillance; bilirubin; aminotransferases     

Clinical Manifestations and Characterization of COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series

BackgroundThis systematic review is conducted to explore available information on clinical presentations, laboratory finding and outcomes of SARS-COV-2 in liver transplant patients.MethodsWe searched four databases for relevant terms related to COVID-19 and liver transplantation and collected both case reports and case series on liver transplantation published up to the end of September 2020.ResultsAfter initial screening of irrelevant articles, 25 studies were included and analyzed in this review. Among the 59 patients included, 78.3% were over 50 years old, and 71.6% were males. The majority of patients (93.3%) were hospitalized. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (72.9%) followed by dyspnea and cough (54.2%). The majority of patients revealed a high level of CRP (64.3%). Moreover, high level ALT, AST and ALP were reported in 64.3, 37.5, 30.5 and 22.2% of patients. A total, 9(15.3%), of cases died as a result of complications of COVID-19. Chest radiographs were reported in 72.9%(43/59) of cases that 94% demonstrated radiologic evidence of abnormality.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that the most prevalent symptoms and signs were fever, dyspnea and cough. Moreover, most patients were males and hospitalized. The rate of mortality and high level of CRP, ALT/AST and ALP is similar within the non-immune suppressed and general population. However, early detection of high level of serum CRP, ALT/AST and ALP combined with a clinical COVID-19 symptom and finding of CT scan may be used as an index for the presence and severity of the disease.     

藏族大骨节病血清生化指标检测及相关性分析

[目的]探讨血清钙、磷、镁、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酐等生化指标与藏族大骨节病患者的相关性。[方法]收集四川省阿坝州若尔盖地区藏族大骨节病患者295例(其中I度68例,II度89例,III度138例),同地区藏族正常对照290例,测定患者及对照的13项血清生化指标:钙(Ca)、磷(PHOS)、镁(Mg)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(Cre)。[结果]藏族大骨节患者血清Mg、ALP、LDH、HBDH水平均显著高于对照组(P﹤0.05);患者血清CK、DALT、AST、GGT、Cre水平则显著低于对照组(P﹤0.05);而患者组和对照组血清Ca、PHOS、TP、ALB水平没有明显差异(P﹥0.05)。同时,患者血清ALP、LDH、HBDH、ALT和AST水平还与病情严重程度存在明显的相关性(P﹤0.05)。[结论]藏族大骨节患者血清中Mg、ALP、LDH、HBDH水平显著升高,CK、ALT、AST、GGT、Cre水平则明显降低;且ALP、LDH、HBDH、ALT和AST水平与大骨节病的严重程度相关。因此,这些生化指标的检测对于大骨节患者的早期诊断和预防以及病程进展的监测具有非常重要的意义。     

Hepatoprotective effects of Rubus coreanus miquel concentrates on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

As well-being foods pursuing healthy life are becoming popular, interest in Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM) fruit, a type of Korean blackberry, is increasing due to its medicinal actions including protecting the liver, brightening the eyes, and alleviating diabetes. This study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of RCM concentrates on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in rats. RCM, produced in June ~ July 2008 at Chunbook, Gochang (South Korea), was finely mashed. The seeds were removed and the juices were condensed. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups according to treatment: normal (eight rats), CCl₄, 1% RCM, and 2% RCM. Experimental diets were provided to the experimental animals for 4 weeks. We measure total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Part of the livers was isolated for histopathological evaluation, and analyzed for lipid peroxide (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and liver proteins. The activities of serum AST, ALT, and ALP were elevated following CCl₄ administration. Levels of hepatic TBARS were also significantly increased in the CCl₄ groups. However, hepatic TBARS levels and the activities of serum enzymes were markedly reduced by supplementation with the RCM concentrates (P < 0.05). Hepatic SOD activity increased in the RCM concentrates group versus CCl₄ groups. Histopathological examination revealed massive necrosis in the centrilobular area and degenerative changes caused by CCl₄ were ameliorated by dietary supplementation with RCM concentrates. These results suggest that RCM concentrates have hepatoprotective effects and may improve the symptoms of liver injuries.     

Resveratrol attenuates steatosis in obese Zucker rats by decreasing fatty acid availability and reducing oxidative stress

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common manifestations of chronic liver disease worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of resveratrol on liver fat accumulation, as well as on the activity of those enzymes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in fa/fa Zucker rats. A total of thirty rats were assigned to three experimental groups and orally treated with resveratrol for 6 weeks, or without resveratrol (C: control group; RSV15 group: 15?mg/kg body weight per d; RSV45 group: 45?mg/kg body weight per d). Liver histological analysis was performed by microscopy. Levels of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-Ia (CPT-Ia), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACO), fatty acid synthase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were assessed by spectrophotometry, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase was assessed by radiometry. Commercial kits were used to determine serum TAG, NEFA, total HDL and non-HDL-cholesterol, glycerol, ketonic bodies, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatic TAG, thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates, GSH (GSSG) and superoxide dismutase. Resveratrol reduced liver weight and TAG content. It did not modify the activity of lipogenic enzymes but it did increase CPT-Ia and ACO activities. NEFA and ALP were reduced in both resveratrol-treated groups. AST/GOT was reduced only by the lowest dose. ALT/GPT, TAG and adiponectin remained unchanged. Resveratrol reduced liver oxidative stress. This study demonstrates that resveratrol can protect the liver from NAFLD by reducing fatty acid availability. Moreover, resveratrol also protects liver from oxidative stress.     

白桦脂醇对酒精性肝损伤的治疗作用

[目的]观察白桦脂醇对酒精性肝损伤的治疗作用。[方法]将大鼠随机分为6组,正常组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、阳性对照组和模型组。采用白酒灌胃的方法建立大鼠酒精性肝病模型,给予白桦脂醇保护。检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）。高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）以及肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）、还原性谷胱甘肽酶（GSH）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、丙二醛（MDA）水平,同时做肝脏的病理切片观察。[结果]酒精性肝损伤的大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP活性和LDL含量明显升高。肝匀浆中SOD、GSH-PX、GST活力明显降低;MDA含量明显升高;GSH含量明显降低。白桦脂醇能明显降低模型组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP活性（与模型组比较：P〈0．05）;可明显提高酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH-PX、GST活性（P〈0．01）和GSH含量（P〈0．05）;同时显著性降低肝组织中MDA含量（P〈0．05）。阳性对照组（益肝灵组）大鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP活性明显降低和CHO含量明显降低（与模型组比较：P〈0．05）;可明显提高酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH—PX、GST活性（P〈0．01）和GSH含量（P〈0．05）;同时显著性降低肝组织中MDA含量（P〈0．05）。白桦脂醇还能明显改善由酒精引起的肝组织脂肪样变和坏死。[结论]白桦脂醇能抑制酒精诱导脂质过氧化反应对肝组织的损伤,对酒精性肝损伤有较好的治疗作用。