精氨酸与N^G-硝基-精氨酸甲酯对大鼠正畸牙移动时诱导型一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的 研究精氨酸(L-aw)与NG-硝基-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对大鼠牙周膜压力侧诱导型一氧化氮合酶GNOS)的影响.方法 将60只雄性S-D大鼠随机分为3组并建立正畸牙移动模型,分别于局部骨膜下注射精氨酸(L-arg组)、生理盐水(生理盐水组)和NG-硝基-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME组),每2 d 1次.定期处死动物,取材并制作组织切片,进行免疫组化染色和图像分析.结果 各实验组iNOS的表达-时间曲线基本相似,均在加力后7 d达到高峰,牙周膜压力侧iNOS的表达在同一时间点不同实验组之间比较差异无统计学意义.结论 L-arg和L-NAME对大鼠正畸牙移动牙周膜内iNOS的表达并无影响,两者可能通过其他途径影响正畸牙牙周膜的改建和正畸牙的移动.     

硫化氢在正畸牙牙周组织改建中作用的大鼠实验研究

目的 观察硫化氢（hydrogen sulfide,H2S）对大鼠正畸牙牙周组织改建的影响,并与一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）对比,初步探讨其在改建过程中的作用及机制.方法 利用45只雄性Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠建立正畸牙移动模型,动物随机分为三组：阴性对照组（A组）局部注射无菌磷酸缓冲盐溶液（phosphate-buffered saline,PBS）;实验组（B组）局部注射40 mg/ml DL-炔丙基甘氨酸（DL-propargylglycine,PPG）;阳性对照组（C组）注射相同浓度NG-硝基精氨酸甲酯（NG-Nitro-L-arginineMethylEster,L-NAME）.于加力第7,14,21天分批处死大鼠,制作切片.应用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（tartrate resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP）染色计数破骨细胞数,链霉亲和素-生物素复合物（strept avidin-biotin complex,SABC）染色检测胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶（eystathionine γ-lyase,CSE）及诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthases,iNOS）阳性表达的平均光密度值.结果 加力第7天,B组破骨细胞数明显少于其余两组（P＜0.01）,CSE表达量在C组中最高.加力14,21天B组破骨细胞数呈先增加后减少趋势,A、C两组则呈递减趋势;CSE和iNOS表达量均逐渐减少,但21天时CSE基本呈阴性表达,而iNOS表达量仍较高（P＜0.01）.结论 应用40 mg/ml PPG可减少正畸牙早期H2S的生成,抑制破骨细胞募集;在正畸牙移动牙周组织改建过程中,NO/iNOS与H2 S/CSE体系间可能存在负性调节作用.     

The role of opioid systems on orthodontic tooth movement in cholestatic rats

Endogenous opioids have been reported to accumulate in the plasma of cholestatic subjects. Another report showed that human osteoblast-like cells, MG-63, express 3 types of opioid receptors. In our laboratory we noticed that orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is enhanced in cholestatic rats. Therefore, we suggest a possible role of opioid systems in bone remodeling and raising the rate of OTM in cholestatic conditions. To investigate this hypothesis, rat models were established and divided into 5 study groups. An orthodontic appliance, consisting of a 5 mm nickel-titanium closed coil spring, was ligated between the maxillary right incisor and first molar of each rat to deliver an initial force of 60 g. The bile duct ligated (BDL) group underwent a bile duct ligation operation and received orthodontic appliance 7 days after surgery. Another group underwent a sham operation and orthodontic appliances were inserted just as in the BDL group protocol. Surgery was performed the BDL + naltrexone group and orthodontic appliances were inserted 7 days after surgery. This group received daily subcutaneous injections of naltrexone HCI (an opioid antagonist) at 20 mg/kg at 24-hour intervals from the day of force application until the end of the study period. Another group, the naltrexone group, received naltrexone injections like the BDL + naltrexone group. A fifth control group neither underwent surgery nor received injections. Orthodontic tooth movement was measured 14 days after appliance insertion. The bile duct ligated group showed significantly increased OTM compared to all other study groups (P < .001). The difference between the OTM in the BDL + naltrexone and control groups was insignificant. This study suggests a role for opioid systems in OTM in cholestasis conditions.     

Effects of calcitonin on orthodontic tooth movement and associated root resorption in rats

Objectives: Our main aim was to evaluate the effects of calcitonin (CT) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and orthodontic root resorption in a rat model.

Material and methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Rats in the negative control group were not given any appliances or injections. All the remaining rats were used to establish a model of OTM. The positive control group were then injected with normal saline, while rats in the three experimental groups were injected with 0.2?IU, 1?IU or 5?IU/kg/day CT. Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to deliver an initial 50?g mesial force to the left maxillary first molar for 14 days in rats in the positive control group and the experimental groups. Each group was randomly subdivided into two groups, one for analysis of tooth movement, tissue changes and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in alveolar bone, the other to examine root resorption by scanning electron microscopy.

Results: The OTM distance, the number of force-induced osteoclasts and root resorption areas were significantly decreased in CT-injected rats in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions: Administration of CT reduces the root resorption area and may therefore be effective as a novel adjunctive orthodontic approach to diminish undesired tooth movement via enhancing anchorage or preventing relapse after OTM.     

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition prevents alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is the most frequent cause of tooth loss in adults. Nitric oxide (NO) has been linked to bone resorption mechanisms during inflammation processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NOS (NO synthase) inhibitors in the alveolar bone loss in an experimental periodontitis disease (EPD) model. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the second upper left molars and were sacrificed at 11 days. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by the sum of distances between the cusp tips and the alveolar bone along the axis of each molar root, subtracting from the contralateral side. Histopathological analysis was based on cell influx, alveolar bone, and cementum integrity. Leukogram was performed at 6 hours and 1, 7, and 11 days after the EPD induction. Groups were treated with the NOS inhibitors, aminoguanidine (AG) (2.5 to 10 mg/kg/d), or L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 5 to 20 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally (i.p.), 1 hour before the EPD induction and daily for 11 days. Controls received only saline (EPD group). As controls for L-NAME specificity, groups were co-treated with either L-arginine (150 to 600 mg/kg/d) or D-arginine (600 mg/kg/d) and L-NAME (20 mg/kg/d). Different groups were used for morphometric and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Both L-NAME and AG significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the alveolar bone loss as compared to EPD group. L-NAME (20 mg/kg/d) reduced the alveolar bone loss by 50%, whereas AG (5 mg/kg/d) reduced it by 47% compared to EPD. This result was coupled to a significant reduction of cell influx to the periodontium, as well as to the preservation of alveolar bone and cementum, seen at histopathology, for both compounds. The co-administration of L-arginine, but not of D-arginine reversed L-NAME effects. CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence that NOS inhibitors prevent inflammatory bone resorption in experimental periodontitis.     

The effect of prostaglandin E2 and calcium gluconate on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats

Possible modifications in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and root resorption as a result of local injections of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) alone and with calcium gluconate (Ca) formed the aim of the present study. Twenty-four 8-week-old male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into three groups of eight. Both quadrants of the upper jaws of the first group of animals were used; therefore this group comprised two groups: control and normal. The upper left first molars of these eight animals were not placed under orthodontic force and received no injection, to serve as the normal group, considered for root resorption comparison only. The control group had localized submucosal injections of normal saline on the buccal side of the upper right first molar. In the third group, 0.1 ml of 1 mg/ml PGE2 was injected at the same site and the fourth group received an intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg Ca (10%) in addition to the PGE2. All the injections were performed on days 0 and 7. The orthodontic appliance consisted of a closed coil spring ligated to the upper right first molar and incisor, exerting a force of 60 g during the 21-day experimental period, after which the animals were sacrificed. Palatal halves were removed for histological examination and for calculation of the amount of root resorption. Statistical analysis of data showed a significant (P < 0.05) acceleration in OTM after PGE2 injection compared with the control group. The addition of Ca reduced OTM but a significant increase (P< 0.05) was still recorded. A significant difference (P < 0.05) in root resorption was only observed between the PGE2 and normal groups. The findings show the importance of calcium ions working in association with PGE2 in stabilizing root resorption while significantly increasing OTM.     

Ameliorated effect of L-arginine supplementation on gingival morphology in cyclosporin-treated rats

BACKGROUND: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of cyclosporin (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NO substrate (L-arginine) and blockade (N-nitro-L-arginine methylester-hydrochloride, L-NAME) on the gingival morphology in CsA-fed rats. METHODS: Sixty CsA-fed (10 mg/kg/day) male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 3 groups. Animals in 2 experimental groups received L-arginine (1% weight/weight) in rat chowder or L-NAME (50 mg/l) in drinking water, respectively, for 4 weeks. Rats in the control group were fed a normal diet and water. At week 0, 2, and 4, dental stone models were made from the mandibular anterior region and the gingival dimensions (width, depth, and height) were measured. The tail cuff blood pressure and the plasma nitrate level were also measured at week 4 to monitor the effects of L-arginine and L-NAME treatment. RESULTS: No significant difference in the gingival dimensions was noticed at week 0; however, significant differences were observed at weeks 2 and 4, except the buccolingual depth at week 2. While the magnitude of gingival dimensions was large, moderate, and small in control, L-NAME, and L-arginine groups, respectively, we found significantly reduced gingival dimensions in both L-arginine supplement and L-NAME groups. Nevertheless, the reduced gingival overgrowth in the L-NAME treatment group was far less than that in the exogenous NO treatment group. Plasma NO2-/NO3- concentrations were also significantly different; i.e., from the highest to the lowest levels were the L-arginine, CsA control, and L-NAME group, respectively. A significantly increased mean and diastolic blood pressure was found in the L-NAME group compared to the L-arginine group. CONCLUSIONS: Gingival morphology in CsA-fed rats was evaluated after NO substrate (L-arginine) and blockade (L-NAME) treatment for 4 weeks. Significantly decreased dimensions were noted in the L-arginine group compared to the CsA group at weeks 2 and 4. Although an inhibitory effect on the gingival morphology was also observed in the L-NAME group, another unknown mechanism might be involved. Within the limitations of the study, we suggest that NO may have an important role in the mechanism of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.     

蛇床子素对大鼠正畸牙牙周组织改建的影响

目的 探讨灌服蛇床子素对大鼠正畸牙移动过程中牙周组织改建的影响。方法 72只8周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分3组,高浓度（40 mg/kg）、低浓度（20 mg/kg）蛇床子素组和对照组。建立大鼠正畸牙移动模型,分别灌服蛇床子素溶液和等量溶剂,加力7、14、21、28 d后分批处死,获取包含上颌磨牙的上颌骨,测量第一磨牙近中移动距离。分别采用H-E、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色观察牙周组织变化及对破骨细胞进行计数,采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 加力后7、14、21、28 d,上颌第一磨牙近中移动距离逐渐增大。加力第7天,低浓度组与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）,其余各时间点实验组牙移动距离均较对照组显著增加（P<0.05）;高浓度组与低浓度组之间也有显著差异（P<0.05）。组织学观察可见,张力侧成骨细胞出现,实验组较对照组明显。压力侧破骨细胞计数于加力第7天达到高峰,与对照组有显著差异（P<0.05）,高浓度组较低浓度组多,且有显著差异(P<0.05);加力第14天,3组均减少,实验组仍较对照组多,有显著差异（P<0.05）,高、低浓度组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;21 d和28 d时继续减少,组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论 灌服蛇床子素能加快正畸牙移动,在早期阶段增加牙周组织中破骨细胞数量,加快牙周组织改建,其作用受剂量影响。     

大鼠牙移动中牙周膜功能状态与牙槽骨改建关系的研究

目的:通过检测不同牙周膜功能状态大鼠磨牙移动过程中压力侧牙槽骨表面破骨细胞计数及牙移动距离的差异,探讨牙周膜功能状态与牙槽骨改建的关系.方法:选择48只6周龄体重(250±20)gSD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组(16只)和实验组(32只).通过拔除实验组大鼠右下颌所有磨牙使其上颌左、右第一磨牙咬合力改变,3周后分别形成牙周膜代偿性机能亢进模型和牙周膜废用性萎缩模型,据此实验组又分为萎缩组与亢进组(各16只).在各组大鼠上颌切牙和第一磨牙间放置5mm镍钛拉簧,初始力值60g,近中移动磨牙.分别于加力0d、3d、7d,每组各处死动物2只,14d处死其余动物,制备组织学标本,通过TRAP染色鉴别第一磨牙近中根压力侧牙槽骨表面破骨细胞并记数;对加力14d后的标本拍摄X线片测定牙齿移动距离.结果:牙周膜机能代偿性增强组牙齿移动距离(0.265±0.107mm)明显小于其它两组(0.631±0.142mm,0.679±0.090mm),P<0.01.牙周膜废用性萎缩组与正常对照组移动距离无显著性差异(P>0.05).萎缩组大鼠近中根压力侧牙槽骨表面破骨细胞计数在实验全过程中(除0d外)均低于亢进组和对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:处于退化状态的废用性萎缩牙周膜对矫治力抵抗性差,细胞分化增殖不活跃,骨组织改建率低;机能代偿性增强牙周膜对矫治力抵抗性好,细胞分化增殖活跃,成骨活动大于破骨活动.     

重组人血小板衍生生长因子-BB对大鼠正畸牙移动过程中破骨细胞内黏着斑激酶表达的影响

目的观察血小板衍生生长因子-BB（plateletderived growth faetor-BB,PDGF—BB）对大鼠正畸牙移动过程中破骨细胞内黏着斑激酶（focal adhesion kinase,FAK）表达的影响,探讨PDGF-BB对正畸牙移动骨改建中破骨细胞的作用及其下游信号通路。方法80只sn雄性大鼠上颌安装施加50g力的正畸装置,牵引上颌第一磨牙近中移动,隔日于正畸牙局部黏膜注射10ng的重组人血小板衍生生长因子-BB（recombinant human ptatelet derived growth factor-BB,rhPDGF-BB）,对照组注射磷酸盐缓冲液,在加力后1,4、7、10、14d处死动物,制备标本并测量牙齿移动距离,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶计数压力侧破骨细胞数量,免疫组织化学方法观察破骨细胞内FAK表达变化。结果PDGF-BB明显促进压力侧破骨细胞增殖,加速正畸牙移动,除第1天实验组与对照组牙移动距离差异无统计学意义以外,其余均有统计学意义（p〈0．05）;各观察点实验组破骨细胞FAK表达均高于对照组,灰度值比较差异均有统计学意义（p〈0.05）。结论外源性的PDGF—BB影响正畸牙移动骨改建过程。在大鼠正畸牙压力侧牙槽骨改建的过程中,FAK参与了破骨细胞信号转导的下游通路,其表达能被外源性的rhPDGF-BB所调节。     

TRAF6/c-fos在PTH加速兔下颌骨截骨术后正畸牙移动机制的初步研究

目的　研究外源性甲状旁腺激素（PTH）对下颌升支截骨术后正畸牙移动过程中肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6（TRAF6）和c-fos mRNA表达变化,探讨PTH加速截骨术后正畸牙移动的调控机制。方法：48只兔建立下颌升支截骨和下颌第一磨牙正畸移动模型,随机分成实验组和对照组。实验组术后间断性注射PTH 40 μg/kg,对照组皮下注射生理盐水,术后测量下颌第一磨牙近中移动速度。HE染色观察正畸牙压力侧组织形态学变化;TRAP染色计数压力侧牙周组织破骨细胞的数目;Real-time PCR检测下颌第一磨牙牙周组织中TRAF6和c-fos mRNA表达变化。结果：实验组下颌第一磨牙近中移动速度快于对照组,且实验组正畸牙压力侧破骨细胞数目较对照组多。实验组正畸牙压力侧牙周组织TRAF6和c-fos mRNA表达均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：外源性PTH可通过促进正畸牙压力侧牙周组织中TRAF6和c-fos mRNA表达,促进破骨细胞的成熟和分化,从而加速下颌升支截骨术后正畸牙的移动。     

Orthodontic tooth movement in cholestatic and cirrhotic rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether cirrhosis and cholestasis could influence orthodontic tooth movement. DESIGN: Basic science, animal experimental study. SETTING: This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2007. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) were divided into five experimental groups: non-operated, cholestatic-sham, cirrhotic-sham, cholestatic and cirrhotic groups. METHODS: An orthodontic appliance, consisting of a 5 mm nickel titanium closed coil spring, was ligated between the maxillary right incisor and first molar of each rat to deliver an initial force of 60 g. The cholestatic and cirrhotic groups underwent a bile duct ligation operation and received an orthodontic appliance for 7 days (cholestatic group) and 28 days (cirrhotic group) after surgery. Two other groups underwent a sham operation and had an orthodontic appliance inserted after 7 (cholestatic-sham) and 28 days (cirrhotic-sham). A fifth control group underwent neither bile duct ligation operation nor sham operation. RESULTS: The cirrhotic group showed significantly increased orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), compared to all other study groups (P<0.001). The mean OTM in the cholestatic group was significantly higher than in the other three groups (two sham groups and unoperated one) (P<0.01). Bone density was also significantly decreased in the bile duct ligated (cirrhotic and cholestatic) groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated that biliary cirrhosis could cause a significant increase in the OTM and decrease in the bone density in rats, though there was no significant alteration in bone resorption or osteoclasts detected in such animals.     

The effect of alveolar decortication on orthodontically induced root resorption

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of alveolar decortication on orthodontically induced root resorption.Materials and MethodsA total of 24 male Wistar rats (14 week old) were used. The rats were randomly divided into one of the following three groups: group 1 (control group), orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) for 2 weeks; group 2, OTM for 2 weeks + two alveolar decortications (2AD); group 3, OTM for 2 weeks + four alveolar decortications (4AD). The first molar was moved mesially for 2 weeks. Micro computed tomography was used to analyze root volume. In addition, histological sections were stained with Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) to quantify the osteoclast number.ResultsThe buccal root volume in OTM + 4AD group was decreased by 8.92% and 6.11% when compared with the OTM-only group and OTM + 2AD group, respectively. Similarly, the other four root volumes in the OTM + 4AD group was decreased by 8.99% and 5.24% when compared with the OTM-only group and OTM + 2AD group, respectively. There was a decrease in buccal root density in the OTM + 4AD group by 4.66% and 3.56% when compared with the OTM-only group and the OTM + 2AD group, respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the number of osteoclasts by 195.73% and 98.74% in OTM + 4AD group in comparison with the OTM and OTM + 2AD group.ConclusionsThe amount of orthodontically induced root resorption was positively correlated with the extent of surgical injury used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.     

M-CSF油包水型微乳对大鼠正畸牙齿移动的影响

目的探讨巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M—CSF）油包水型（W／O）微乳对大鼠正畸牙齿移动及其牙周组织改建的影响。方法选用蓖麻油和无水乙醇分别作为表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,油酸聚乙二醇甘油酯作为油相,M-CSF水溶液为水相,制备成M—CSF油包水型微乳。加力ld开始,每2d将该微乳局部注射于大鼠左上第一磨牙,分别于1d,3d,7d,14d测量上颌第一磨牙移动距离,用HE染色观察牙周组织改建情况。结果加力1d,4组间无明显差异（P〉0．05）;加力3d,M—CSF微乳组正畸牙移动距离大于其它组,但与M—CSF水溶液组差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;加力7d和14d,M-CSF微乳组正畸牙移动距离同样大于其它组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且压力侧牙槽骨骨吸收陷窝增多,呈“锯齿”状。结论大鼠正畸牙齿局部注射M．CSF油包水型微乳可以促进其移动及压力侧牙周组织改建。     

CMT-3 inhibits orthodontic tooth displacement in the rat

OBJECTIVE: Orthodontic tooth movement requires extensive remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone. Osteoclasts resorb bone, allowing teeth to migrate in the direction of the force. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are able to degrade the extracellular matrix of the periodontal tissues. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) can inhibit MMPs, but lack antimicrobial activity. We hypothesize that CMT-3 will decrease the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. DESIGN: Eighteen Wistar rats received a standardized orthodontic appliance at one side of the maxilla. During 14 days, three groups of six rats received a daily dose of 0, 6 or 30mg/kg CMT-3, and tooth displacement was measured. Thereafter, osteoclasts were counted on histological sections using an ED-1 staining. Multi- and mononuclear ED-1-positive cells in the PDL were also counted. In addition, sections were stained for MMP-9. RESULTS: CMT-3 significantly inhibited tooth movement (p=0.03) and also decreased the number of osteoclasts at the compression sides in the 30mg/kg group (p<0.05). Significantly more mono- than multinuclear ED-1-positive cells were present in the PDL, but no significant differences were found between the dosage groups. Osteoclasts in the 30mg/kg group seemed to contain less MMP-9 than in the control. CONCLUSIONS: CMT-3 inhibits tooth movement in the rat, probably by reducing the number of osteoclasts at the compression side. This might be due to induction of apoptosis in activated osteoclasts or reduced osteoclast migration. Reduced MMP activity by CMT-3 might also directly inhibit degradation of the organic bone matrix.     

Effects of echistatin and an RGD peptide on orthodontic tooth movement

We tested whether orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) could be blocked by local administration of echistatin or an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, agents known to perturb bone remodeling, adjacent to maxillary molars in rats. These molecules were incorporated into ethylene-vinyl acetate (ELVAX), a non-biodegradable, sustained-release polymer. In vitro experiments showed that the echistatin and RGD peptide were released from ELVAX in active forms at levels sufficient to disrupt osteoclasts. Biotinylated RGD peptide was released from ELVAX into the PDL after surgical implantation. ELVAX loaded with either RGD peptide or echistatin and surgically implanted next to the maxillary molars inhibited orthodontic tooth movement (p < 0.01). The RGD peptide also reduced molar drift (p < 0.05). This study shows the feasibility of using ELVAX to deliver integrin inhibitors adjacent to teeth to limit local tooth movement in response to orthodontic forces.     

局部注射重组人转化生长因子对大鼠正畸牙移动的影响

目的:探讨局部注射重组人转化生长因子 (rhTGF -β1)对大鼠正畸牙移动速度的影响。方法:80只模型大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组又按1、4、7、10和14 d再分为5个小组,每小组8只。实验组从加力的第1天开始,每2 d在大鼠加力侧上颌第一磨牙颊侧黏膜下注射rhTGF-β1 0.1 mL(5 ng/mL),对照组注射相同容量的PBS。加力后依实验设计时间分别处死每1小组大鼠。体视显微镜观察并采集图像,运用计算机图像分析软件测量牙移动的距离,同时应用TRAP组织化学染色观察不同时段压力侧破骨细胞数量的变化,采用SPSS 17.0 软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:局部注射rhTGF-β1的牙移动速度较对照组快,在加力后第7天,牙移动距离差异显著(P<0.05);第10天和第14天相比,差异显著(P<0.01)。实验组压力侧破骨细胞的TRAP阳性细胞数较对照组显著增多(P<0.01)。结论:局部注射rhTGF-β1增强了大鼠正畸牙破骨细胞的活性,促进了破骨细胞的骨吸收功能,加速了正畸牙移动。     

组织工程修复区早期牙移动压力侧牙周组织的改建

目的: 探讨牙槽骨组织工程修复区内早期牙移动时压力侧的牙周改建情况,为组织工程技术在正畸中应用的安全性和可行性提供实验依据。方法: 选取30只新西兰大白兔,通过拔除下颌第一磨牙并扩大拔牙窝,建立双侧牙槽骨的超临界骨缺损,分别以实验组骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）与颗粒型多孔β磷酸三钙（beta-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP）支架复合构成的组织工程骨和对照组单纯β-TCP支架进行右侧和左侧骨缺损修复。术后8周,选取6只兔进行植骨区取材,评价2组的成骨效果。对剩余兔进行下颌两侧第二磨牙加力,近中向牵引4周。分别在加力后的第1、2、3、4周各处死6只动物,测量牙移动距离并制作组织学切片,通过H-E染色观察牙周组织变化,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色法计数压力侧破骨细胞数目。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 植骨术后8周,实验组成骨效果优于对照组。牵引4周后,正畸牙在实验组牙槽骨修复区内的移动量大于对照组。牵引第2、3、4周时,实验组移动牙压力侧的破骨细胞数量均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论: BMSCs复合β-TCP支架能够良好地修复牙槽骨缺损,邻牙在组织工程修复区内早期移动时,再生的牙周组织改建活跃,有加速牙移动的趋势。     

Effects of short- and long-term celecoxib on orthodontic tooth movement

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that short- and long-term celecoxib administration has no effect on orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were submitted to short- (3 days) and long-term (14 days) celecoxib administration, while the respective control groups received equivolumetric saline intraperitoneal injections. The upper left first molars of all rats were moved mesially for 14 days by a fixed orthodontic appliance exerting 50 g force upon insertion. After the experimental period, tooth movement was quantified and tissues around the first molar were processed for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry. The amount of tooth movement and the number of TRAP-positive cells on the alveolar bone surface were evaluated. RESULTS: The amount of tooth movement was significantly reduced in rats submitted to short- and long-term celecoxib administration, while the number of osteoclasts on the alveolar bone did not differ between the four groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis is rejected. Although celecoxib administration did not affect the number of osteoclasts, the osteoclast activity might be reduced, which could explain the inhibition of tooth movement observed in the celecoxib-treated animals. These results indicate that orthodontists should be aware of patients under short- and long-term therapy with celecoxib.