Adaptation of Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy Toward Minor Surgery to Turkish

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to conduct validity and reliability testing of the Turkish version of the Parent Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy toward Minor Surgery (PSESCAMS).DesignThe research is a methodological study.MethodsData were collected using an Introductory Form and the PSESCAMS. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total score analysis were used for the data analysis.FindingsThe scale consisted of 18 items and four subscales. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.95, and the Cronbach's alpha values for the subscales were 0.64–0.92. The total factor loading was > 0.45 for both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. GFI, AGFI, and CFI were > 0.90, RMSEA was 0.06.ConclusionPSESCAMS was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish culture.     

Development of an assessment scale for treatment compliance in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Turkish population: Psychometric evaluation

ObjectivesCompliance to treatment is important for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the prevention of complications. The purpose of the study was to develop a scale and test its psychometric properties for the treatment compliance of the diabetic Turkish population.MethodsThis multicenter study was conducted in four training and research hospitals. The convenience sample consisted of 350 patients with type 2 DM. The items of the scale were determined after a literature review and qualitative interviews with the patients. Items were psychometrically analyzed. Content validity of the scale was evaluated using opinions from experts and a pilot study. Principal component analysis and the varimax rotation technique were used to evaluate construct validity in exploratory factor analysis. Criterion validity was evaluated with the Attitudes Towards Diabetes Scale, a subgroup of the Diabetes Care Profile scale. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach’s α coefficient and test-retest analysis of internal consistency.ResultsThe scale consisted of 7 factors that explained 47.36% of the total variance. The KMO test was conducted to determine whether the sample size was sufficient before the factor analysis. The KMO test result of the data was 0.75. The Cronbach’s α value of the sample was 0.77. The test-retest reliability analysis result was r = 0.991. We found a positive correlation between total scores of the developed scale and the Attitudes Towards Diabetes Scale (r = 0.31).ConclusionThe results of the study demonstrated that the scale with 30 items is a valid and reliable scale for the evaluation of patient compliance with type 2 DM treatment. Thus, by using this scale, nurses and healthcare providers can evaluate the treatment compliance of patients with type 2 DM.     

The Turkish version of the Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Scale: A validity and reliability study

AimThe aim was to translate and adapt the Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Scale (CFRPS) into Turkish and assess its validity and reliability for senior nursing students.BackgroundNursing students’ readiness for practice is important for quality nursing care and to support new graduate nurses and orient them quickly for their professional life. Nurse educators and nurse managers are responsible for develop nursing students’ and new graduate nurses’ readiness for practice. Currently, there is no valid and reliable tool to assess this metric for senior nursing students in Turkey.DesignThe study was conducted using a methodological approach.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of 179 students who were enrolled in the last year of nursing school across three state universities in one region of Turkey. A socio-demographic form and the Turkish version of the CFRPS were used for data collection. Data were collected online between 12 April – 17 May 2021. Content validity was assessed using expert approval. Confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to assess validity. Cronbach's alpha and test–retest were performed to assess reliability.ResultsNursing students’ mean age was found to be 22.3 ± 1.12. The content validity index of the scale was calculated as 0.94. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis identified 15 items, which could be categorized under one factor, that were obtained differently from the original scale. The factor loads were found to be between 0.39 and 0.70. The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.881. One factor model achieved a good fit.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that the Turkish version of the CFRPS is a valid and reliable assessment tool to evaluate senior nursing students’ readiness for practice. Information in the Turkish version of the CFRPS was obtained differently from the original scale. Nurse educators can use this tool to assess their students’ progress in readiness for practice before they graduate.     

Content validity and internal consistency of the Dutch translation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire: an observational study

BackgroundPatient safety is fundamental to healthcare quality. Attention has recently focused on the patient safety culture of an organisation and its impact on patient outcomes. A strong safety climate appears to be an essential condition for safe patient care in the hospital. A number of instruments are used to measure this patient safety climate or culture. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire is a validated, widely used instrument to investigate multiple dimensions of safety climate at the clinical level in a variety of inpatient and outpatient settings.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to explore the face- and content validity and the internal consistency of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire in a large Belgian academic medical center.MethodThe translation into Dutch was done by three researchers. A panel of fifteen Dutch speaking experts evaluated the translation and its content validity. Content validity was quantified by the content validity index (CVI) and a modified kappa index. Face validity was evaluated by two nurses and two physicians who assessed the Dutch version of the SAQ. A cross-sectional design was used to test internal consistency of the SAQ items by calculating Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlations.ResultsTwenty-three of the 33 SAQ items showed excellent and seven items showed good content validity. One item had a fair kappa value (item 20) and two items had a low content validity index (items 15 and 16). The average CVI of the total scale was 0.83 and ranged from 0.55 to 0.97 for the six subscales. The face-validity was good with no fundamental remarks given. The SAQ's overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.9 and changed minimally when removing items. The item-total correlations ranged from 0.10 to 0.63, no single items were strongly correlated with the sum of the other items.ConclusionWe conclude that in this study the Dutch version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire showed acceptable to good psychometric properties. In line with previous evidence, this instrument seems to be an acceptable to adequate tool to evaluate the safety climate.     

Translation,cultural adaptation,reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Penn Shoulder Score

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to translate the Penn Shoulder Score into Turkish and to establish its cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity in patients with shoulder dysfunctions.

Methods: The Penn Shoulder Score was translated and culturally adapted from English into Turkish. Subsequently, the Penn Shoulder Score, the Constant Score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Score, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index were completed by 97 patients with shoulder dysfunctions. To determine the test–retest reliability, 30 patients completed the Penn Shoulder Score again on day 3. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha were calculated to assess reliability. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed in terms of convergent validity with Pearson Correlation Coefficient using the Constant Score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Score, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index.

Results: Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.81. The Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.90), demonstrating good test–retest reliability. Pearson correlation coefficients of the Penn Shoulder Score in relation with the Constant Score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Score, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index were 0.65, 0.78, and ?0.77, respectively.

Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Penn Shoulder Score is a reliable and valid measure for assessing patients with shoulder dysfunctions.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• The Turkish version of the Penn shoulder score is valid and reliable outcome measure for assessing patients with shoulder dysfunctions.

• The Turkish version of the Penn shoulder score could be easily performed by patients and it is easy to score by clinicians. It is recommended to use in clinical settings and in research.

     

The validity and reliability study of Turkish version of the fathers’ support scale: Neonatal intensive care unit

BackgroundFathers whose infants are cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit have negative experiences and thus require support.AimThis study was carried out with the aim of performing a validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the “Father’s Support Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit” (FSS: NICU).MethodThe study included 165 fathers whose infants were hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care units of a university hospital and a state hospital in the west of Turkey.FindingsThe item-total score correlation values of the scale were between 0.26 and 0.73 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.91. It was found out that the test-retest reliability coefficients were between 0.78 and 0.92. The scale accounted for 48.38% of the total variance in three factors, as in the original version of the scale.ConclusionIt was found that the Turkish version of the FSS: NICU was a valid and reliable measurement tool.     

Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists

Abstract

Background: The initial purpose of this study was to perform a linguistic and cultural translation of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists into the Turkish language. Following the translation process the primary purpose of the study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. Materials and methods: A survey study design was used. The Turkish version of Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists was developed. A pilot test was performed and a final version was completed. Participants were recruited to examine the reliability and validity of the new instrument. Participants received an online survey package with the PABS-PT-TR and Turkish Version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Results: A total of 51 physiotherapists (response rate 60.7%) completed the PABS-PT-TR and Turkish Version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and 28 physiotherapists completed the retest. Factor analysis was conducted to determine the construct of the scale. Two factors emerged: one focused on biomedical orientation and the second on biopsychosocial orientation. The test–retest reliability (ICC) for the biomedical scale was 0.81 (95% CI?=?0.60–0.91) and 0.82 (95% CI?=?0.61–0.91) for the biopsychosocial scale. Internal consistency for the “biomedical” scale was Cronbach’s α?=?0.72 and α?=?0.59 for the biopsychosocial scale. When the relationship between PABS-PT-TR and TSK was investigated, r value was 0.39 (p?<?0.05) indicating fair convergent validity. These results indicated that the PABS-PT-TR shows construct validity. Conclusion: The PABS-PT-TR appears to have good test–retest reliability, acceptable to good internal consistency, and acceptable construct validity.     

Traumatic and Routine Stressors in Emergency Nurses: A Turkish Validity and Reliability Study

IntroductionEmergency nurses face traumatic and stressful events of many different forms and severity. The aim of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the Traumatic and Routine Stressors Scale on Emergency Nurses in Turkey.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted with 195 nurses who had been working in the emergency service for at least six months and could be reached via an online questionnaire. Opinions of 9 experts were obtained with the translation-back translation method for linguistic validity, and the Davis technique was used for testing content validity. Test-retest analysis was used to test the time-invariance of the scale. Construct validity was evaluated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The reliability of the scale was evaluated based on item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficients.ResultsThe expert opinions were found to be in agreement with each other. Factor analysis results were acceptable, the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the scale were 0.890 for the frequency factor, 0.928 for the impact factor, and 0.866 for the total scale. It was determined that the correlation values for the time-invariance of the scale were 0.637 for the frequency factor and 0.766 for the effect factor, and the scale had good test-retest reliability.DiscussionThe Turkish version of the Traumatic and Routine Stressors Scale on Emergency Nurses, has high levels of validity and reliability. We recommend that the scale be used to evaluate the state of being affected by traumatic and routine stressors among emergency service nurses.     

Establishing the Turkish version of the SIGAM mobility scale,and determining its validity and reliability in lower extremity amputees

Purpose: The aim of this study is to adapt the Special Interest Group in Amputee Medicine (SIGAM) mobility scale to Turkish, and to test its validity and reliability in lower extremity amputees.

Material and methods: Adaptation of the scale into Turkish was performed by following the steps in American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) guideline. Turkish version of the scale was tested twice on 109 patients who had lower extremity amputations, at hours 0 and 72. The reliability of the Turkish version was tested for internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Structural validity was tested using the “scale validity” method. For this purpose, the scores of the Short Form-36 (SF-36), Functional Ambulation Scale (FAS), Get Up and Go Test, and Satisfaction with the Prosthesis Questionnaire (SATPRO) were calculated, and analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test.

Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.67 for the Turkish version of the SIGAM mobility scale. Cohen's kappa coefficients were between 0.224 and 0.999. Repeatability according to the results of the SIGAM mobility scale (grades A–F) was 0.822. We found significant and strong positive correlations of the SIGAM mobility scale results with the FAS, Get Up and Go Test, SATPRO, and all of the SF-36 subscales.

Conclusion: In our study, the Turkish version of the SIGAM mobility scale was found as a reliable, valid, and easy to use scale in everyday practice for measuring mobility in lower extremity amputees.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Amputation is the surgical removal of a severely injured and nonfunctional extremity, at a level of one or more bones proximal to the body.

• Loss of a lower extremity is one of the most important conditions that cause functional disability.

• The Special Interest Group in Amputee Medicine (SIGAM) mobility scale contains 21 questions that evaluate the mobility of lower extremity amputees.

• Lack of a specific Turkish scale that evaluates rehabilitation results and mobility of lower extremity amputees, and determines their needs, directed us to perform a study on this topic when we took the number of amputations performed in our country into consideration.

• SIGAM mobility scale is directed at rehabilitation specialists who are working in amputee medicine. Turkish version of this scale was found both reliable and valid in our study and hence it can be used in clinical practice and studies.

     

Turkish validity and reliability of the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale

PurposeThe aim of this methodological study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale adapted to the Turkish community.MethodsThe study sample was completed with 319 patients who had been diagnosed at least 1 year before and hospitalized in the Malatya Turgut Ozal Health Center and Malatya State Hospital in Turkey. A questionnaire that consists of items on sociodemographic characteristics, drug use and information about the disease of patients and the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale were used for data collection in the study. In reliability analysis of the scale, the Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated and item analysis method was utilized. Factor analysis was used for the construct validity, and Principal Component Analysis and Varimax Rotation method were used for analyzing the factor structures.ResultsAccording to data obtained in the study, item-total correlation of the items of the scale was found to be at an adequate level (0.297–0.803). The scale's Cronbach's α reliability coefficient was found to be 0.86, and there was one factor that explains 52.38% of the total variance with an eigenvalue was greater than 1.0. As a result of the analysis, the factor loadings of the items of the scale were found to be between 0.59 and 0.81.ConclusionDiabetes Self-Efficacy Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for determining the self-efficacy of patients and providing a proper care. It can be suggested to investigate and evaluate the consistency of the scale by applying it to broader sample groups representing different socioeconomic levels.     

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version: the challenges to stopping smoking (CSS-21) scale

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Challenges to Stopping Smoking Scale-21 (CSS-21).

Methods: The methodological study was conducted with 235 participants who meet the inclusion criteria. “Social-demographics Questionnaire”, “Challenges to Stopping Smoking Scale”, “Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence”, and “General Self-Efficacy Scale” were used for data collection. In the validity-reliability analysis of the scale, language and content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, item-total score correlation, split-half reliability analysis, floor and ceiling effects, and test-retest reliability methods were used.

Results: Using exploratory factor analysis, it was found that the CSS-21 has two factors. Its two-factor structure was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha values of subscales were 0.84 and 0.83, respectively. In addition, item subscale total correlations and test-retest analysis of the scale had a high correlation.

Conclusions: It was concluded that the Turkish version of the CSS-21 is a reliable and valid instrument to identify the factors affecting quitting smoking.     

The Bournemouth Questionnaire for Neck Pain: Cross-cultural Adaptation,Reliability, and Validity of the Turkish Version

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was first to translate and culturally adapt the BQN, and then to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BQN in Turkish individuals with chronic neck pain.MethodsThe English version of the BQN was translated into Turkish with permission from its authors. That translation was assessed using 85 participants with a mean age of 46.75 years who had chronic neck pain. At the same time, the participants were assessed sociodemographically and with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD). A test–retest procedure was performed with 62 participants who underwent a second assessment with the BQN within 24 hours of the first assessment, to test its reliability.ResultsInternal consistency was strong and all Cronbach alpha values were between 0.97 and 0.99. The BQN showed high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ˃ 0.92) for all domains. The total mean (± standard deviation) scores for the 3 questionnaires were as follows: BQN, 30.9 (± 11.18); NPAD, 48.16 (± 12.93); NDI, 17.85 (± 6.29). The results of the Turkish version of the BQN illustrated adequate external construct validity and sensitivity. A Turkish translation of the test has not previously been available for chronic pain.ConclusionThe BQN was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Turkish. The reliability and validity were tested against the NPAD and the NDI. The Turkish version of the BQN is multidimensional, short, practical, and suitable for use with individuals with neck pain.     

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: scale development

Background: As a profession, nurses are particularly concerned with cross-cultural influences that affect the health practices of populations. Although the international literature describes questionnaires and specific scales in health and disease behaviours, adequate Turkish-language instruments are scarce. Therefore, suitable Turkish-language instruments need to be developed or adapted for the Turkish population.Objectives: Study aim was to adapt a Dutch/English version of the diabetes management self-efficacy (SE) scale for use with a Turkish population and evaluate its psychometric properties.Design: Methodological research design.Settings: Attendants of an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey.Participants: A convenience sample of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: Translation and back-translation of the original English instrument and content validation through a expert panel were the first two steps of the study. Third step was the psychometric testing of the adapted instrument by establishing internal consistency (Cronbach's α), stability (test-retest reliability), and construct validity (factor analysis).Results: Content validity procedure resulted in a final scale that consisted of 20 items. Internal consistency of the total scale was coefficient α=0.88, and test-retest reliability with a 4-week time interval was r=0.91 (p<0.001). Factor analysis yielded three factors related to diet, exercise and medical treatment. Two relevant items of the scale, weight control and blood sugar control, however, had low reliability and validity scores.Conclusions: Although acceptable levels of reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the diabetes management SE scale for people with type 2 DM were reached, cultural factors appeared to play a role in the applicability of some items of the scale.     

Reliability and Feasibility of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale–Korean Version (PAINAD-K)

BackgroundThere is currently no observational instrument for assessing pain in aged patients who are unable to provide self-report in long-term care hospitals in Korea.AimsThe goal of this research was to culturally adapt and test the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the Korean version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale.DesignThis was a methodologic study aiming to translate the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale.Participants/SubjectsThe inpatients in a 270-bed LTC hospital in D metropolitan city were assessed pain levels.MethodsThe Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale was used as an observation scale to assess 192 long-term care hospital patients, with observation durations of 1 and 5 minutes.ResultsThe interrater reliability (1 minute) for the scale showed substantial kappa agreement of .62, and scores for the 1- and 5-minute observations showed almost perfect agreement of .95. The criterion validity of the scale (1 minute) was high relative to the Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC) Scale, and low compared with the numeric rating scale (NRS). Discriminant validity was established between patients with and without pain. The feasibility of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale–Korean Version (PAINAD-K) (1 minute) indicated low sensitivity of 41.3% and high specificity of 92.6%.ConclusionsTherefore, the PAINAD-K is a valid and reliable tool to determine the absence of pain in non-verbal aged patients.