Gastrointestinal Complications of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

ABSTRACT

Gastrointestinal problems are important in the chronic stage of spinal cord injury. We review the literature on problems of specific segments of the alimentary tract in this setting and add observations based on clinical experience. Emphasis is placed on the colon and rectum, where most clincially apparent problems occur. While bowel management programs are often successful in the near-term, long-term dysfunctions are common and difficult to treat. Studies to determine colonic transit time and rectal physiologic responses are useful to provide scientific basis of management of such patients. More information is needed on the relative roles of extrinsic and intrinsic nervous system in Gl function. (J Amer Paraplegia Soc 1991;14: 175–81)     

Comparison between pulsed irrigation enhanced evacuation and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution for bowel preparation prior to elective colonoscopy in veterans with spinal cord injury

Abstract

Background

Poor preparation for elective colonoscopy is common in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). This unsatisfactory outcome is likely due to long-standing difficulty with evacuation and decreased colonic motility. Our objective was to determine the most effective preparation for elective colonoscopy applying a novel and traditional approach to bowel cleansing.

Methods

Twenty-four subjects with SCI were consented and scheduled to receive one of the two possible arms: pulsed irrigation enhanced evacuation (PIEE) or polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution (PEG; CoLyte^®). The quality of the preparation was scored during the colonoscopy by applying the Ottawa scoring system.

Results

Patients with SCI who received PIEE tended to have lower Ottawa scores and a higher percentage of acceptable preparations than did those who received PEG; however, the results were not statistically different.

Conclusion

In this preliminary study in subjects with SCI, neither PIEE nor PEG produced acceptable bowel preparation for elective colonoscopy. Future studies should confirm our findings and consider studying alternative, more efficacious approaches to bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopic procedures in patients with SCI, which should provide better outcomes.

Registration number for clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00745095.     

Anorectal stimulation causes increased colonic motor activity in subjects with spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND: Difficulty with evacuation (DWE) is a major problem after spinal cord injury (SCI). Stimulation of the anal canal and lower rectum, accomplished using a gloved finger (so-called digital rectal stimulation or DRS) is often used as an adjunct to laxatives and enemas to facilitate bowel evacuation. However, the basis for the efficacy of DRS is not known. This study assessed the effect of DRS on colonic motility. METHODS: Six subjects with SCI were studied several hours after a bowel care session. Colonic motility was assessed using a manometric catheter (affixed endoscopically to the splenic flexure) at baseline, during DRS, and after DRS. In addition, evacuation of barium oatmeal paste (with the consistency of stool and introduced into the rectum and descending colon) was assessed simultaneously using fluoroscopic techniques. RESULTS: The mean number (+/- SEM) of peristaltic waves per minute increased from 0 at baseline to 1.9 (+/- 0.5/min) during DRS and 1.5 (+/- 0.3/min) during the period immediately after cessation of DRS (P < 0.05). The mean amplitude (+/- SEM) of the peristaltic contractions was 43.4 (+/- 2.2) mmHg. The frequency of contractions, as well as amplitude of contractions, during or immediately after DRS was not significantly different. These manometric changes in response to DRS were accompanied by expulsion of barium oatmeal paste in every subject by the fifth DRS. CONCLUSIONS: DRS causes left-sided colonic activity in subjects with SCI. At least in part, an anorectal colonic reflex that results in enhanced contractions of the descending colon and rectum may contribute to bowel evacuation in individuals with SCI.     

Cisapride for Constipation in Spinal Cord Injured Patients: A Preliminary Report

Abstract

Chronic constipation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) has significant impact on quality of life. To measure baseline clinical functioning, colonic transit time and anorectal manometry and the effect of cisapride on these clinical and physiological parameters, we studied 12 SCI patients. Patients initially received baseline clinical scoring, measurement of colonic transit time and anorectal manometry. Patients then received cisapride 20 mg orally three times each day. After one and three months of cisapride therapy, all measurements were repeated. The mean duration of cisapride treatment was 5.2 months. Six of 12 (50 percent) reported that symptoms of constipation improved. No patient had worsening of symptoms. Prior to cisapride treatment, 23 percent of patients passed colonic transit markers by day five and 57 percent by day seven; baseline anal manometry revealed variable resting and squeeze pressures. After treatment, 33 percent of patients passed their colonic transit markers by day five and 71 percent by day seven. Six of 12 (50 percent) demonstrated a 10 percent or more increase in resting anal canal pressures. We conclude that about 50 percent of SCI patients have subjective improvement in constipation after cisapride therapy. Cisapride appears to improve both colonic and anorectal function. (J Spinal Cord Med, 8:240–244)     

Malone Antegrade Continence Enemas for Autonomic Dysreflexia Secondary to Neurogenic Bowel

Abstract

A 42-year-old man with T-4 ASIA B thoracic paraplegia presented with chronic constipation, fecal incontinence, and bowel-related autonomic dysreflexia (AD) refractory to conservative bowel program. His usual toileting time lasted one to five hours. Antegrade continence enemas (ACE) were performed. The ACE technique, which requires creating a continent catheterizable appendicocecostomy, is described. Postoperatively, a daily enema was given through the stoma. The patient’s toileting time was reduced to 20 minutes and his AD resolved. The role of the ACE is discussed in adult spinal cord injury (SCI).     

Comparison between pulsed irrigation enhanced evacuation and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution for bowel preparation prior to elective colonoscopy in veterans with spinal cord injury

BackgroundPoor preparation for elective colonoscopy is common in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). This unsatisfactory outcome is likely due to long-standing difficulty with evacuation and decreased colonic motility. Our objective was to determine the most effective preparation for elective colonoscopy applying a novel and traditional approach to bowel cleansing.MethodsTwenty-four subjects with SCI were consented and scheduled to receive one of the two possible arms: pulsed irrigation enhanced evacuation (PIEE) or polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution (PEG; CoLyte^®). The quality of the preparation was scored during the colonoscopy by applying the Ottawa scoring system.ResultsPatients with SCI who received PIEE tended to have lower Ottawa scores and a higher percentage of acceptable preparations than did those who received PEG; however, the results were not statistically different.ConclusionIn this preliminary study in subjects with SCI, neither PIEE nor PEG produced acceptable bowel preparation for elective colonoscopy. Future studies should confirm our findings and consider studying alternative, more efficacious approaches to bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopic procedures in patients with SCI, which should provide better outcomes.Registration number for clinicaltrials.gov: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00745095","term_id":"NCT00745095"}}NCT00745095.     

Relevant "end points" for evaluation of the colon pouch after deep rectum resection

After low colo-rectal anastomosis there is in 25% a degree of urgency and increased bowel movements. In order to improve the reservoir continence the construction of a J-shaped colonic pouch seems reasonable. We have operated 5 patients with the new technique and worked up our preliminary results in connection with a literature overview. Increased bowel movements and urgency are reduced postoperatively but some patients report pouch evacuation problems, using enemas or suppositories to empty their reservoirs. To estimate the value of this new technique innovative endpoints as overall well-being and quality of life might be more important than conventional endpoints measuring only functional results.     

Effect of Enterostomy on Quality of Life in Spinal Cord Injury Patients

ABSTRACT

To determine the difference in the bowel care of spinal cord injury patients before and after enterostomy, we interviewed 20 patients—19 men and one woman. Their ages were 27–75, median 55 years. The paralytic lesions were spastic in ten and flaccid in ten. A total of 24 enterostomies were done for the following reasons: fecal contamination of decubitus ulcer in seven, colonic tumor in six, perforation of the colon in four, prolapse of the large intestine in four, inconvenience of bowel care in two, and perirectal abscess in one. There were 17 sigmoid and five transverse colostomies, and two ileostomies. (Two patients accounted for six procedures.)

Follow-up time ranged from three months to six years, median nine months. Bowel care time was reduced from 0.7–14 hours, median 6.0 hours per week preoperatively, to 0.3–7 hours, median 1.0 hours per week postoperatively. Reversal of fecal leakage, abdominal pain, gas and anorexia were also reported. All patients were happier with their bowel care after surgery.

We conclude that enterostomy in the spinal cord injury patient makes bowel care considerably more convenient, and improves the quality of life as well.     

Characterization of the Bone Mineral Density of Children with Spinal Cord Injury

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to compare the bone mineral density in children with spinal cord injury (SCI) with age-and sex-matched controls in three anatomic areas of the proximal hip. In addition, post Ziocanalysis looked for differences in bone density between sub-groups considering several factors associated with spinal cord injury: the presence or absence of spasticity, the level of injury and the presence or absence of pathologic fractures. Fifty-one pediatric patients with spinal cord injury between the ages of 3 and 20 underwent bone density measurements using dual photon absorptiometry. Before pooling the data across age groups, all measurements were normalized to age-and sex-matched controls because of increasing bone density with growth and higher bone density in males. The results revealed lower bone densities in subjects with SCI as compared with their non-disabled peers, ranging from 56 percent to 65 percent of normal across the three anatomic regions. On the average, subjects who had a previous history of fractures had significantly lower bone density measurements than those without fractures. At the intertrochanteric region, a 10.6 percent difference was noted between subjects with tetraplegia versus those with paraplegia. At the femoral neck and Ward’s Triangle, an 8.5 percent difference was noted between subjects with and without spasticity. No conclusions could be drawn from the analyses at the other sites. Together these results begin to characterize bone density levels of the pediatric SCI population. (J Spinal Cord Med] 19:249–254)     

What to call spinal cord damage not due to trauma? Implications for literature searching

Abstract

Objectives

To illustrate the importance of multiple search terms and databases when searching publications on spinal cord damage not due to trauma. To develop comprehensive search filter for this subject, compare the results for 2000–2009 with the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Emtree term ‘spinal cord diseases’ and determine changes in the number of articles over this period.

Design

Literature searches and search filter development.

Setting

Australia.

Interventions

Titles and abstracts searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE (2000–2009) for articles involving humans using search terms ‘non-traumatic spinal cord injury’ and ‘nontraumatic spinal cord injury’ (concise search). Develop comprehensive search filter for ‘spinal cord damage not due to trauma’ and compare the results with the MeSH term ‘spinal cord diseases.’

Outcome measures

Annual publications (2000–2009) identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE literature searches.

Results

Concise search identified 35 articles published during 2000–2009. More publications were identified using the term ‘nontraumatic spinal cord injury’ (n = 20) than ‘non-traumatic spinal cord injury’ (n = 16). Publications increased for both terms ‘spinal cord diseases’ (2000 = 279; 2009 = 415) and ‘spinal cord damage not due to trauma’ identified by the comprehensive search filter (2000 = 1251; 2009 = 1921).

Conclusions

Concise searches using terms ‘non-traumatic spinal cord injury’ and ‘nontraumatic spinal cord injury’ fail to identify relevant articles unless combinations of terms and databases are used. These are inadequate search terms for a comprehensive search. Further research is needed to validate our comprehensive search filter. An international consensus process is required to establish an agreed term for ‘spinal cord damage not due to trauma.’     

急性颈脊髓损伤并发低钠血症的机制及治疗分析

目的 :探讨急性颈脊髓损伤患者并发低钠血症的病因、发病机制和治疗方法。方法 :自2005年1月至2010年7月收治严重创伤导致急性颈脊髓损伤伴高位截瘫并发低钠血症患者57例,男46例,女11例;年龄26～69岁,平均39.5岁;颈椎骨折或脱位55例,无骨折或脱位型脊髓损伤2例;完全性损伤28例,不完全性损伤29例。神经功能损害按ASIA分级:A级28例,B级25例,C级4例。每日监测心率、血压、尿量、血钠,诊断低钠血症后即开始静脉补液、补钠,每隔2 d检测尿钠、血浆渗透压、尿渗透压,根据监测结果及治疗反应判断低钠原因是由脑性盐耗综合征(CSWS)还是由抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征(SIADH)引起,前者继续静脉补液、补钠,后者严格限水同时静脉补钠直至低钠纠正。对治疗前后血钠等指标进行统计学分析。结果:57例中诊断CSWS者42例,SIADH者15例。治疗3周后所有患者的心率、血钠、血渗透压有明显回升(P<0.01),血压、尿渗透压升高,尿钠减少(均P<0.05),尿量未见明显减少(P>0.05)。出院时与治疗3周比较,心率、血浆渗透压、尿渗透压进一步回升,尿量减少,尿钠进一步减少(P<0.05),血压无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:急性颈脊髓损伤后并发低钠血症受多因素影响,发病机制主要为脑性盐耗综合征(SCWS)及抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征(SIADH),治疗时应注意鉴别,根据不同病因采取补液或限液治疗。     

Bowel Management in Children and Adolescents with Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

There is little in the literature regarding bowel management in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries (SCI). This study was undertaken to examine specific patterns of bowel care, individual levels of satisfaction with bowel management, the incidence of incontinence in this population, and effects on lifestyle because of time commitment and dependence in bowel management. Surveys were sent to all persons (n = 45) under age 19 with a diagnosis of SCI who had received care at our medical center since 1985. Thirty-one subjects (69 percent) returned the surveys. The average age at injury was 8.1 years, with an average follow-up period of 3.9 years. Fifty-five percent were individuals with tetraplegia and 77 percent had a complete injury (ASIA Class A). A bowel management program, including medications or manual manipulation, was required for 81 percent of the subjects; only two were independent in their bowel management. Over half of the subjects performed evening bowel care and over half performed their care daily. Digital stimulation tended to be used more commonly by younger children. Medications, either oral, rectal, or both, were used by 88 percent. Sixty percent of the subjects reported they were completely or very satisfied with their bowel management. About half the subjects had limited freedom because of their bowel programs, which caused some dissatisfaction. Sixty-eight percent reported occasional or frequent interference with school activities because of their bowel programs. No correlation was found between bowel accidents and satisfaction with bowel management, despite the fact that almost 84 percent of the children reported at least rare accidents. Lifestyle limitations, bowel accidents, dependence in bowel management, and subject and family dissatisfaction continue to be significant problems for children and adolescents with SCI. (/Spinal Cord Med 1998; 21:335-341)     

非手术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤预后的多因素分析

目的 :探讨影响非手术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤预后的因素。方法 :回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月接受非手术治疗的122例无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者的临床资料,其中男84例,女38例;平均年龄(52.37±13.27)岁(18~83岁)。选择年龄、性别、受伤原因、受伤至治疗时间、脊髓损伤ASIA分级、MRI脊髓损伤类型、脊髓损伤范围、有效颈椎管率、椎间盘突出Pfirrmann分级、椎间盘突出节段、椎间盘韧带复合体损伤、大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗12个可能对非手术治疗预后产生影响的因素,应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,研究其对预后的影响。结果:单因素分析显示MRI脊髓损伤类型、脊髓损伤范围、有效颈椎管率、椎间盘突出Pfirrmann分级、椎间盘突出节段及脊髓损伤ASIA分级均对预后有显著影响(P均0.05)。进一步行多因素分析,按照其作用强度,影响预后的主要因素依次为:MRI脊髓损伤类型、脊髓损伤范围、有效颈椎管率、椎间盘突出Pfirrmann分级、脊髓损伤ASIA分级(P均0.05)。结论 :影响非手术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤预后的主要因素是MRI脊髓损伤类型及范围,同时与有效椎管率、椎间盘突出程度及脊髓损伤ASIA分级相关。对于选择非手术治疗需谨慎,仅适用MRI检查提示脊髓信号无改变或水肿程度轻且范围局限者,其余则建议积极手术治疗。     

急性脊髓损伤外科干预时机对神经功能恢复影响的系统评价

目的 :系统评价不同手术时机对急性脊髓损伤患者神经功能恢复的影响。方法 :计算机检索Pub Med、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、ISI Web of knowledge、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)及万方数据库中不同手术时机干预治疗急性脊髓损伤的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时间均从建库至2017年2月。结果:纳入4个RCT,共156例急性脊髓损伤的患者。在不完全性脊髓损伤患者当中早期手术可以改善患者ASIA运动功能评分[MD=3.29,95%CI(-7.90,14.49),P=0.56],Frankel评分总体改善率[OR=7.65,95%CI(2.69,21.74),P=0.000 1];在完全性脊髓损伤患者当中早期手术与晚期手术对患者Frankel评分总体改善率影响不明显[OR=4.88,95%CI(0.74,32.09),P=0.10];早期手术与晚期手术对住院时间[MD=-3.4,95%CI(-8.12,1.32),P=0.16],死亡率[OR=1.07,95%CI(0.21,5.56),P=0.93],褥疮发生率[OR=1.07,95%CI(0.17,6.69),P=0.94]差异无统计学意义。结论 :早期手术在一定程度上能促进患者脊髓功能恢复,也并没有带来更多的并发症,未来仍需要进行高质量的随机对照研究来验证这个结论。     

Colonic Transit Time After Spinal Cord Injury: Any Clinical Significance?

Abstract

Background: Both bowel dysfunction and increases in colonic transit time (CTT) are frequently observed in individuals with spinal cord injury; however, it is unknown whether there is an association between chronic intestinal problems and changes in CTTs. The current study investigates a possible relationship between the main intestinal symptoms of SCI patients and CTT values.

Methods: The following clinical variables and symptoms were investigated and collected in 30 individuals with SCI: total time for bowel care, abdominal pain, abdominal gas, success of rectal emptying, fecal incontinence, and decrease in quality of life. Total and segmental CTTs (right colon, left colon, and rectosigmoid colon) were assessed using radiopaque markers. The effects of the sociodemographic variables and the clinical symptoms on the different CTTs (total and segmental) were analyzed.

Results: The assessed clinical conditions were observed in the following percentages of subjects: abdominal gas symptoms (70%), fecal incontinence (56%), abdominal pain (63%), total time for bowel care > 1 hour (11%), difficult rectal emptying (66%), and decrease in quality of life (36%). We also observed an increase in total CTT in 47% of subjects; increases in segmental CTT were found in the right colon in 23%, in the left colon (60%), and in the rectosigmoid segment (23%). Statistical analyses failed to show a significant difference in mean CTT values between the group of symptomatic patients (1 or more symptoms) and the group of asymptomatic patients. No significant difference could be detected in the incidence of each intestinal symptom between the group of participants with normal CTT values and those with abnormal CTT values. For each of the clinical data assessed separately, a significantly longer CTT (left colon) was associated with the lack of abdominal pain (P < .03) and the presence of fecal incontinence (P < .01 ); successful rectal emptying was associated with significantly shorter total (P < .02) and segmental CTTs for the left colon (P < .01 J and rectosigmoid colon (P < .05).

Conclusions: Besides an association between shorter CTT and successful rectal emptying, there was little relationship between CTTs and intestinal symptoms in this study of patients with SCI.     

影响无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤手术疗效的多因素分析

目的:探讨影响无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤手术疗效的相关因素。方法:对2010年11月至2016年11月被诊断为无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤且接受手术治疗69例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中男37例,女32例;年龄32⁷6(51.6±7.3)岁。选择年龄、性别、脊髓损伤ASIA分级、MRI中脊髓损伤长度、Pavlov比值、后纵韧带骨化、椎间盘突出、MRI中脊髓损伤类型、受伤至手术时间、大剂量激素冲击治疗、手术时间、术中出血量12个因素,应用SPSS22.0软件对数据进行Logistic单因素和多因素分析,筛选出影响手术疗效的各因素,并确定主要影响因素。结果:单因素分析显示脊髓损伤ASIA分级、MRI中脊髓损伤长度、Pavlov比值、后纵韧带骨化、椎间盘突出、MRI中脊髓损伤类型均与手术疗效相关(P<0.05)。对筛选出的因素行多因素分析显示:按照作用强度,影响手术疗效的因素依次为MRI中脊髓损伤类型、MRI中脊髓损伤长度、Pavlov比值、脊髓损伤ASIA分级(P<0.05)。结论:影响无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤手术疗效的因素为MRI中脊髓损伤类型、MRI中脊髓损...     

同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的时效性分析

目的：观察脊髓损伤后不同时间点骨髓间充质干细胞（bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）移植治疗后大鼠行为学变化、脊髓的病理改变及脑源性神经营养因子（brain—derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF）和神经生长因子（nervegrowthfactor,NGF）表达变化,探讨BMSCs的最佳移植时间。方法：80只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为8组,每组10只。A组为假损伤组,暴露胸10段脊髓但不造成冲击伤,B、C、D、E、F、G、H组以改良Allen法建立脊髓损伤模型。造模成功后,C、D、E、F、G、H组分别于损伤后0h、6h、24h、3d、5d和7d,将lxl0。体外培养的BMSCs用微量注射器注入于脊髓损伤局部,B组为单纯造模组,用等量细胞培养液代替。各组分别于损伤后1、2、4周进行脊髓运动功能BBB（Basso,Beattie,Bresnahan）运动学评分;分别取各组脊髓损伤组织0．5cm,制作HE染色病理切片,观察其形态学改变;Elisa法检测各组大鼠脊髓BDNF和NGF表达情况。结果：假手术组1、2、4周大鼠脊髓功能BBB评分均明显高于其余7组（P〈0．01）;术后l周细胞移植各组评分与单纯造模组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后2周和4周细胞移植各组评分高于单纯造模组（P〈0．05）;损伤后2周BBB评分从高到低依次为F、E、G、D、H、C组,但6组组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;损伤后4周BBB评分,F组与其余5组（C,D,E,G,H组）比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但其余5组组间差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。EUSA检测结果显示,F组BDNF和NGF含量均高于其他7组（P〈0．05）。大鼠脊髓标本切片HE染色,假手术组脊髓组织结构完整清楚,无中性粒细胞浸润;其余7组局部组织水肿明显,灰白质交界处模糊,周围可见不同程度胶质细胞增生及炎细胞浸润。结论：大鼠脊髓损伤后同种异体BMSCs移植对脊髓功能恢复有一定疗效,损伤后3d可能是BMSCs最佳移植时间。     

急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠血清和脊髓的代谢组学研究

目的:采用~1H NMR核磁共振代谢组学的方法研究急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠的代谢组学特征及生物标志物,探讨核磁共振代谢组学应用于脊髓损伤研究的可行性。方法:取8周龄清洁级雄性SD大鼠20只,体重(200±10)g,按照随机数字法分为假手术组和模型组,每组10只,模型组采用改良的Allens法制作急性脊髓不完全损伤模型,假手术组不损伤脊髓,术后第1、5、7天采用BBB运动功能评分法进行行为学观察,术后第7天收集脊髓组织作病理学观察,核磁共振代谢组学对两组大鼠血清和脊髓样本进行代谢组学分析。结果:BBB评分显示假手术组术后后肢运动无明显改变,各时间点差异无统计学意义,模型组大鼠术后双下肢呈迟缓性瘫痪,BBB运动评分较低,各时间点差异存在统计学意义,两组运动功能评分在各时间点的差异均有统计学意义;病理切片显示假手术脊髓结构正常,神经分布均匀,模型组脊髓组织结构紊乱,神经元数目减少,存在炎性细胞浸润和空腔坏死组织。代谢组学分析表明,血清中极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、谷氨酰胺(glutamine)、柠檬酸(citrate)、二甲基甘氨酸(DMG)等物质和脊髓中谷胱甘肽(glutathione)、3-羟基丁酸(3-OH-butyrate)、N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、磷酸胆碱(GPC)、谷氨酸(glutamate)、抗坏血酸(ascorbate)等物质浓度有明显变化(P0.05)。结论 :通过对假手术组和模型组大鼠血清和脊髓样本进行代谢组学检测和分析得到了两组样本的差异性代谢物质,有助于解释急性脊髓损伤后血清和脊髓组织中的特异性小分子物质的变化规律,为后期针对性地研究这些代谢标记物在急性脊髓损伤中的作用提供研究基础。     

The Effects Of Colostomy On The Quality Of Life In Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of colostomy on the quality of life (QOL) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) by designing a questionnaire that used self-reported data and correlating these data with the clinical information obtained from patients' medical records.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive QOL questionnaire was designed to specifically address the following 5 domains: physical health, psychosocial adjustment, body image, self-efficacy, and recreation/leisure. This questionnaire was completed during a telephone or an in-person interview. The subjective data derived from the questionnaire were correlated with objective medical information obtained from a review of medical records.

Results: The QOL improved significantly (t = 9.128, P < .0001) after colostomy. All 27 (100%) patients were “satisfied,” and 16 (59%) of them were “very satisfied” with colostomy. Nineteen (70%) patients would have preferred to have the colostomy done earlier, and only 3(11%) patients wished it reversed. Colostomy reduced the number of hospitalizations caused by chronic bowel dysfunction by 70.4%. After colostomy, the average amount of time spent on bowel care was reduced from 117.0 min/day to 12.8 min/day (t = 7.964, P < .0001). All patients stated that colostomy simplified bowel care routine and increased independence. Significant improvements were recorded in the areas of physical health, psychosocial adjustment, and self-efficacy. Stoma prolapse and wound dehiscence were the most common complications of stomal surgery. When compared with medical data, patients were able to reliably recall average time with bowel problems (r = .881, P < .0001) and stomal surgery complications (r = .810, P < .0001).

Conclusion: Colostomy is a safe and effective treatment for chronic bowel dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury. It is well accepted by the patients and significantly improves QOL and bowel management procedures. Correlation analysis indicates that subjective patient-reported data are consistent with objective data obtained from the medical records.