北京市昌平区32家中小型家具制造企业职业病危害调查

目的了解北京市昌平区中小型家具制造企业工作场所存在的职业病危害因素及其对作业工人健康的影响。方法对该区32家家具制造企业人员构成、生产班次、工艺流程、有毒原材料使用情况、防护设施、个人防护用品和主要职业病危害因素进行现场调查；对各企业工作场所存在的粉尘、苯系化合物和噪声进行检测、评价；对335名粉尘、苯系化合物和噪声作业工人进行职业健康检查。结果粉尘作业工人体检未发现尘肺病表现，肺通气功能障碍检出率为4．3％；苯系化合物作业工人神经衰弱综合征检出率12．9％；血象异常检出率14．9％；噪声作业工人听力损失检出率65．6％，且作业工龄〈5a阳性检出率较高。工作场所检测超标情况和职业健康检查阳性结果一致。结论该区中小型家具制造企业存在的职业病危害不容忽视，有效的工程防护是预防职业健康损害的关键措施，应将作业工龄〈5a的工人作为重点人群加强职业健康监护，在超标作业环境中操作必须配备有效的个体防护用品并正确使用。     

深圳市宝安区2007年698家电子类企业职业病危害情况分析

目的了解宝安区电子类企业主要职业病危害因素，为制订相应电子类企业作业规范提供依据。方法收集2007年度宝安区BOHS中电子类企业现场职业病危害因素监测数据及健康监护资料并对其进行分析。结果噪声、三氯乙烯监测合格率较低，疑似职业病病人接触的危害因素主要是噪声、三氯乙烯、苯系物、铅及其化合物。结论 噪声、苯系物、三氯乙烯、铅及其化合物等职业病危害因素为宝安区电子类企业重点职业病危害因素，应加强相应卫生监督监测及健康监护工作。     

深圳市职业病危害风险分析

目的了解深圳市职业病危害风险情况，为职业病防治提供依据。方法对2000-2007年的职业病的发病情况进行回顾性分析，并对其风险进行评估，确定高风险行业及高风险职业病危害因素。结果8年间共发生职业病377宗、病人671例（急性335例、慢性336例），死亡20例；主要集中在机械五金和电子企业，其次为蓄电池和塑料玩具企业。种类主要为三氯乙烯（21．91％）和正已烷（17．88％），其次为铅危害（12．37％）和尘肺病（9．09％）。死亡病例主要见于三氯乙烯和苯危害，其构成比分别为55．0％、20．0％；有机溶剂发病人数占病例总数的55．14％，死亡病例占死亡总数的85．0％。结论机械五金、电子、印刷、塑胶玩具和珠宝企业属于职业病危害高风险的行业；三氯乙烯、正己烷、二氯乙烷和苯等有机溶剂及宝石粉尘属于职业病危害高风险的有害因素。     

长沙市工业企业职业病危害现状调查分析

通过对长沙市存在职业病危害的1736家工业企业，开展全面的职业病危害现状调查，结果表明：全市职业病危害接触人数达64797人，职业健康检查率只有29．8％，存在职业病危害因素的作业点19398个，进行了检测的有3395个，检测率仅17．5％，检测合格率为70．9％，长沙市工业企业存在的主要职业危害有粉尘、有机溶剂、铅及其化合物、锰及其化合物、砷及其化合物、噪声等。     

河北省廊坊市香河县苯职业危害企业职业卫生投入分析

[目的]调查河北省廊坊市香河县苯职业危害企业职业卫生投入经费及分布状况,初步评估其职业病防治水平。[方法]对香河县245家苯职业危害中小企业职业卫生投入状况开展问卷调查,对调查结果进行统计分析。[结果]每位劳动者平均享有758．7元人民币职业卫生费用;245家企业职业卫生总经费共237．2万元人民币,占其全年总产值的0．6％,企业职业卫生费用及其占全年总产值比值均呈正偏态分布,无职业卫生投入的企业23家,占9．4％;职业病危害因素检测与评价、职业健康监护、职业卫生培训费用分别占职业卫生总投入的15．3％、17．2％、15．1％。[结论]香河县苯职业危害企业职业卫生投入较低,职业病防治工作总体较落后;有限的防治经费未能更多地配置到具有较高防治效费比的环节,防治策略针对性不强,未能突出高效环节。     

内蒙古流动作业人员职业病危害现状及防治对策

目的了解内蒙古流动作业人员职业病危害现状并提出相应的防治对策。方法采用问卷调查法对187家企业、1526名流动作业人员和职业卫生服务机构进行调查。结果所调查1526名流动作业人员中,接触职业病危害因素的占66．91％,职业病危害告知率为52．9％,岗前培训率为47．6％,防护用品配备率为52．28％;岗前、岗间,离岗时的职业健康检查率分别为44．0％、64．2％和零,体检结果告知率为65．7％,异常者复查率为39．0％;所调查的187家企业中,职业健康监护档案的建档率为42．2％,配备专职职业卫生管理人员仅占18．9％。结论内蒙古流动作业人员职业病危害现状不容乐观;应结合其实际制定针对流动作业人员的可操作性的、系统性的、长效的职业卫生规划,并应积极探索适合流动作业人员的职业健康监护模式。     

2003年武城县玻璃钢加工业职业卫生状况调查

[目的]了解武城县玻璃钢加工业职业卫生状况。[方法]对武城县辖区内所有玻璃钢加工业户开展调查,了解职业病危害项目申报、工人健康监护证持证情况,对车间苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度进行检测评价。[结果]职业病危害项目申报率为21 09%,工人查体率为57 28%,未查出职业病患者。车间粉尘浓度合格率为 80 09%,“三苯”浓度合格率为77 42%。[结论]玻璃钢加工业职业病危害项目申报处于很低水平,应监督企业做好职业病危害项目的申报工作。应加强监督管理,做好工人上岗前、在岗期间、离岗时的健康查体工作,预防职业病的发生。     

某市化学原料及化工制造业职业卫生调查

目的 掌握2010-2012年某市化学原料及化工制造业职业卫生状况.方法 将中国疾病预防控制信息系统中某市近三年的职业病危害因素、劳动者健康监护及职业病数据导出并汇总分析.结果 某市近三年职业病危害因素监测覆盖率为67.95%,大中型企业监测率较小型企业高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;监测点总体合格率为94.40%,苯、甲苯、二甲苯、铅及其化合物、二氧化氮、锰及其化合物、氨为主要的化学性职业病危害因素,监测合格率偏低的为三氯乙烯、磷化氢（磷化锌、磷化铝）、铅及其化合物、汞及其化合物;粉尘以石棉尘、矽尘和滑石尘的合格率偏低,分别为18.75%、52.10%和55.56%;物理有害因素主要监测项目为高温和噪声,合格率分别为63.25%和70.08%;职业健康监护覆盖73.36%的企业及98.79%的应检劳动者,职业病患者检出率为0.01%,患有职业禁忌证及调离工作岗位的劳动者占近三年全行业总人数的40.67%及38.39%;报告各类职业病8例,病种为急（慢）性职业中毒、尘肺及职业性接触性皮炎.结论 化学原料及化工制造业具有潜在职业病患病风险,需有效落实职业病危害因素监测及劳动者健康监护等制度.     

深圳市宝安区93家工业企业职业病危害状况

目的 了解深圳市宝安区工业企业职业病危害状况,为更好地做好职业病预防工作提供基础依据.方法 参照深圳市职业病危害因素检测、评价现场调查表,以连续监督、检测3年及以上的企业为调查对象,调查企业职业卫生基本情况、工作场所职业性危害因素及职业健康监护现状.结果 93家企业存在的职业性危害因素前3位是苯系物、正己烷和噪声,分别占企业总数的57.0％、48.4％和46.2％,44 743名工人中接触职业性危害因素的有7928人,占17.7％,接触化学性职业性危害因素工人占57.3％,物理因素为37.5％,粉尘为13.2％,工作场所职业性危害因素检测超标率为12.2％,接触职业性危害因素工人中有4844人进行了职业健康检查,受检率为61.1％,异常检出率为4.4％.结论 深圳市宝安区的职业病危害情况仍然比较严重,应进一步做好预防措施,减少职业病的发生.     

某电子产品维修企业职业病危害控制效果评价

目的通过对某电子产品维修企业进行职业病危害控制效果评价，提出改善劳动环境和劳动条件的办法，帮助企业完善职业病防治工作。方法按功能划分不同电子产品维修车间为评价单元（计算机主板维修单元、手机维修单元、IP电话／路由器／语言交换机维修单元），对该建设项目中可能存在的职业病危害因素进行分析评价，采取调查表法与现场监测相结合的评价方法。结果噪声、铅烟、环己烷合格率分别为83．3％、65．2％和76．9％，存在超标现象。结论该企业应加强职工健康监护工作，进一步完善应急救援体系等工作。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.