成人IgA肾病伴血脂异常临床及病理分析

目的探讨成人IgA肾病(IgAN)伴血脂异常的临床及病理特点差异,以指导临床实践。方法回顾性分析2010年1月1日至2017年6月30日在北戴河康复疗养中心住院并行肾穿剌病理检查的850例成人IgAN病例,分别比较伴不同血脂异常类型的IgAN的临床及病理特征。结果①与血脂正常组比较,血脂异常各组年龄偏大,且三酰甘油(TG)升高组、总胆固醇(TC)升高组、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)升高组与血脂正常组年龄差异有统计学意义;血脂异常各组血白蛋白(Alb)降低、血肌酐(Scr)及血尿素(UREA)升高,且均具有统计学意义;血脂异常各组24 h尿蛋白定量(U-TP24 h)升高,且TG升高组、TC升高组、LDL-C升高组与血脂正常组差异有统计学意义;②与血脂正常组比较,血脂异常组血压偏高,且TG升高组(H_c=23.5964,P0.01)、TC升高组(H_c=27.7997,P0.01)、LDL-C升高组(H_c=19.507,P0.01)差异有统计学意义;③与血脂正常组比较,血脂异常组病理分级较重,且TG升高组(H_c=19.5893,P0.01)、TC升高组(H_c=23.4713,P0.01)、LDL-C升高组(H_c=5.4276,P=0.0198)差异有统计学意义。结论血脂异常(包括TG升高、TC升高、HDL-C降低、LDL-C升高)是IgAN进展的危险因素,血脂异常不同类型对于IgAN影响虽略有差异;但对于血脂异常患者,均应积极进行调脂治疗,以延缓IgAN进展。     

肾移植后血他克莫司浓度与血脂和空腹血糖水平的相关性分析

目的 探讨肾移植后血他克莫司(Tac)浓度对受者血脂、空腹血糖(FBG)水平的影响.方法 选取肾移植后规律应用Tac+吗替麦考酚酯+泼尼松抗排斥反应治疗,且术前血脂、血糖水平正常的受者为研究对象.术后不同时点根据受者血Tac浓度与正常范围比较,将受者分为高浓度组、正常组和低浓度组,监测血Tac浓度谷值、血脂及FBG等生化指标的变化情况及相关性,并比较术后不同时段3组间血脂、FBG水平的差异.结果 术后1个月高浓度组三酰甘油(TG)水平显著高于正常组和低浓度组(P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著低于正常组和低浓度组(P＜0.05)；术后3个月高浓度组TG、FBG水平显著高于正常组和低浓度组(P＜0.05和P＜0.01)；术后6个月高浓度组总胆固醇(TC)、TG、FBG水平显著高于正常组和低浓度组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01和P＜0.05).各时点正常组与低浓度组间各生化指标的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 肾移植后血Tac浓度超过正常范围,且时间越长,越容易引起药物性高脂血症及糖尿病.     

不同免疫抑制剂所致肾移植受者血脂水平变化的比较

目的 探讨不同免疫抑制剂对肾移植患者术后血脂变化的影响. 方法 肾移植术后患者283例,分别选择他克莫司(FK506),环孢素(CsA)和西罗莫司(SRL)免疫抑制剂治疗方案,比较不同免疫抑制剂患者移植前及术后不同时段血清总胆固醇(TC)和三酰甘油(TG)浓度差异. 结果 FK506组93例患者服药前与服药后96周血清TC和TG浓度分别为(4.9±1.1)、(1.45=0.8)mmol/L与(4.9±1.1)、(1.4±1.0)mmol/L,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).CsA组106例患者分别为(4.8±1.0)、(1.6±0.8)mmol/L与(6.6±1.7)、(3.2±1.0)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).CsA组和SRL组患者血清TC和TG浓度一般于服药后12～24周时开始升高.51例服用12周CsA后改为FK506,患者改药前及改药后72周血清TC和TG浓度分别为(6.7±1.1)、(2.8±1.0)mmol/L与(4.7±1.7)、(1.5±1.1)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01). 结论 脂质紊乱是肾移植患者非免疫因素引起慢性排斥反应和慢性移植物失功的重要原因,CsA和SRL是引起肾移植患者术后血脂增高的主要因素之一.对于高脂血症肾移植患者免疫抑制剂应用可优先考虑FK506,避免SRL、CsA合用而加剧血脂升高.     

肾移植术后一年贫血危险因素分析

目的探究肾移植受者术后发生肾移植后贫血(PTA)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2013年12月至2015年5月武汉大学中南医院肝胆外科75例行同种异体肾移植受者临床资料。观察和监测受者术前及术后1、3、6、12个月血常规指标及他克莫司血药浓度。根据受者术后1年是否发生PTA,分为PTA组(16例)和非PTA组(59例)。采用Spearman秩相关对受者术后1、3、6、12个月血红蛋白与血清肌酐、他克莫司血药浓度进行相关性检验。采用χ2检验比较两组受者性别、术后使用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂、输注红细胞、发生AR及使用抗病毒药物的比例;采用t检验比较两组受者年龄和血清肌酐水平。P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 75例受者术后1个月血清肌酐水平基本恢复正常,术后3个月内血红蛋白均恢复至100 g/L以上,术后3个月至1年红细胞计数、他克莫司血药浓度基本稳定。术后第1、3、12个月受者血红蛋白与血清肌酐呈负相关(r=-0.369、-0.245、-0.226,P均0.05),术后第6个月受者血红蛋白与血清肌酐无相关性(r=-0.225,P0.05)。受者术后第1、3、6、12个月血红蛋白与他克莫司血药浓度均无相关性(r=-0.051、0.124、0.059、-0.002,P均0.05)。术后1年PTA发生比例为21%(16/75)。PTA组与非PTA组受者相比,术后血清肌酐差异有统计学意义(t=18.27,P0.05)。结论肾移植术后PTA发生比例较高,降低受者血清肌酐水平可能对减少肾移植受者术后PTA的发生具有改善作用。     

阿西莫司联合小剂量阿托伐他汀治疗肾移植术后混合型高脂血症的疗效与安全性

目的评价阿西莫司联合小剂量阿托伐他汀治疗肾移植术后混合型高脂血症的疗效及安全性。方法 56例肾移植术后合并混合型高脂血症的患者,随机分为联合小剂量组[28例,阿西莫司(250 mg,每日2次)+阿托伐他汀(10 mg,每日1次)]和正常剂量组[28例,阿托伐他汀(20~40 mg,每日1次)]。比较治疗前及治疗后1、2、3个月血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、血清肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、肌酸激酶(CK)等指标,并记录药物不良反应。结果与治疗前比较,正常剂量组与联合小剂量组在治疗后TC、TG、LDL-C均下降,HDL-C轻度升高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.01)。与正常剂量组比较,联合小剂量组的TG、LDL-C均较低,HDL-C较高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.01)。在治疗前和治疗后各时间点,正常剂量组与联合小剂量组的ALT、AST、Scr、BUN、UA、CK比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。正常剂量组和联合小剂量组的消化系统、神经系统、骨骼肌肉系统、皮肤血管的不良反应发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。结论阿西莫司联合小剂量阿托伐他汀能安全有效地治疗肾移植术后混合型高脂血症。     

肾移植术后他克莫司缓释剂型不同转换方案101例临床经验

目的回顾性分析肾移植术后稳定期受者他克莫司普通剂型转换为缓释剂型的不同转换方案的疗效和安全性, 为肾移植受者他克莫司转换策略提供参考。方法收集2020年1月至2020年6月中山大学附属第一医院术后稳定期他克莫司普通剂型转换为他克莫司缓释剂型的101例肾移植受者资料, 男性62例, 女性49例, 年龄19～69岁, 转换时按照等剂量转换和增加剂量转换两种方案进行分组, 先对比他克莫司普通剂型转换为缓释剂型后的变化, 再根据他克莫司普通剂型转换为缓释剂型不同转换剂量, 将受者分为两组:按照1∶1转换组受者55例;按照>1∶1(1∶1.2～1∶1.4)转换组受者46例。比较两组间转换后各项临床指标, 如血清肌酐(serum creatinine, Scr)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)、血清白蛋白(albumin, ALB)、...     

氯沙坦对肾移植术后受者血红蛋白的影响及其使用的安全性

目的 观察氯沙坦对肾移植术后受者血红蛋白的影响,探讨其使用的安全性.方法 选取肾移植术后超过3个月,移植肾功能稳定,有高血压的受者66例.随机将受者分为两组.实验组:34例,加用氯沙坦或使用氯沙坦替换原有的降压药物;对照组32例,不使用氯沙坦.分组后对受者进行6个月的观察,分别测定0(基础值)、1、2、3及6个月共5个时间点受者的血红蛋白、血肌酐、肾小球滤过率(GFR)及血压等指标,并观察各指标的变化趋势.结果 实验组受者在使用氯沙坦1～2个月时的血红蛋白水平较基础值显著下降(P<0.05),2～6个月时趋于稳定;对照组受者的血红蛋白水平较基础值轻度上升(P>0.05).实验组中伴有高血红蛋白血症(PTE)的受者使用氯沙坦1～3个月时血红蛋白水平呈持续下降趋势(P<0.05),3～6个月时趋于稳定;对照组中伴有PTE的受者血红蛋白水平较基础值轻度下降(P>0.05).实验组中不伴有PTE的受者血红蛋白水平呈先下降后回升趋势;对照组中不伴有PTE的受者血红蛋白水平较基础值显著升高(P<0.05).实验组受者使用氯沙坦1个月时血肌酐水平呈升高趋势,2～6个月时逐渐恢复到基础值;对照组受者血肌酐水平无显著变化(P>0.05).实验组受者的GFR轻度下降后逐渐恢复到基础值;对照组受者的GFR呈逐渐上升趋势.实验组受者的血压呈明显下降趋势(P<0.05);对照组受者的血压较基础值无显著变化.结论 肾移植术后使用氯沙坦能降低受者的高血红蛋白水平,对PTE有一定的治疗和预防作用,并且不会影响受者的移植肾功能.对于肾移植术后有高血压且发生高血红蛋白血症的受者,使用氯沙坦是安全的.     

他克莫司缓释胶囊在儿童肾移植受者中的应用分析

目的 总结儿童肾移植受者术后应用他克莫司缓释胶囊应用的体会,为儿童肾移植的免疫抑制剂的应用和临床决策提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2014年4月1日—2020年3月31日期间,西安交通大学第一附属医院22例初始(或转换)应用他克莫司缓释胶囊的儿童肾移植受者的临床资料、临床事件、生化指标、全血中他克莫司谷浓度变化等情况进行总...     

2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白与血脂水平相关性研究

目的评估2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白与血脂水平的相关性。方法测定356例T2DM患者HbA1c、TC、HDL-C、TG、LDL-C水平,根据糖化血红蛋白水平分为三组,比较不同HbA1c水平的T2DM患者血脂代谢情况。结果 HbA1c与TC、TG呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与HDL-C呈负相关（P〈0.05）,与LDL-C关系不明显。结论随HbA1c水平升高,TC、TG水平升高,HDL-C水平降低,LDL-C改变不明显。     

普伐他汀治疗肾移植术后血脂异常的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨他汀类药物对肾移植术后血脂异常的疗效。方法 将27例肾移植术后高胆固醇血症患者（血浆胆固醇总量水平〉6．2mmol／L）作为普伐他汀组，患者每日口服普伐他汀10mg，每晚1次，疗程8周。另取健康男、女各15例作为对照组，对照组在8周内未服用任何药物。测定普伐他汀组治疗前、后及对照组的血清胆固醇总量（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、血浆内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）的变化。采用高分辨血管外超声技术测定各组肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能及服用硝酸甘油介导的舒张功能。结果 普伐他汀组治疗前血浆ET含量显著高于对照组，NO含量则显著低于对照组；降脂治疗8周后，ET含量明显下降（P〈0．01），NO含量明显升高（P〈0．01），血TC、LDL-C、TG也较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．05）。普伐他汀组治疗前肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能低于对照组，治疗后较治疗前明显好转。结论 普伐他汀可有效治疗肾移植后血脂异常，并可显著改善血管内皮细胞功能。     

Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on serum lipid levels in renal transplant recipients

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is an important metabolic disorder that is common among renal transplant recipients. This study investigated the possible effects of transplantation and immunosuppressive drugs on lipid profiles in this patient group. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the records of 179 patients who underwent renal transplantation between 1996 and 2000, recording lipid profile findings-total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and triglyceride (TG)-before and at least 6 months after transplantation. We also recorded patient demographics, underlying renal disorder, and immunosuppressive drug regimens. RESULTS: Sixty-nine (38.5%) patients were women and 110 men (61.5%). The mean age (+/- SD) of the 179 recipients was 35.7 +/- 11.8 years (range, 11 to 62 years). The respective pre- versus posttransplantation lipid profile findings were: TC, 171.6 +/- 42.4 mg/dL versus 204.7 +/- 45.3 mg/dL, P < .001; LDLc, 114.5 +/- 34.5 mg/dL versus 142.2 +/- 39.7 mg/dL, P < .001; HDLc, 46.7 +/- 13.6 mg/dL versus 42.5 +/- 12.3 mg/dL, P = .001; TG, 142.9 +/- 55.7 mg/dL versus 178.8 +/- 71.8 mg/dL, P < .001. Increased lipid levels were found to be independent of patient age, sex, donor type, and immunosuppressive drug regimen. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that antihyperlipidemic drugs should be administered routinely to renal transplant recipients irrespective of the immunosuppressive drug regimen or graft source.     

肾移植患者低密度脂蛋白受体TaqⅠ位点基因多态性及血脂水平检测

目的 探讨肾移植患者脂代谢紊乱的一般特征及低密度指蛋白受体（LDLR）TaqⅠ基因多态性对血脂水平的影响。方法 选择105例肾移植患者为病例组，60例血脂正常的健康人作为对照。检测空腹血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（DLC）、载脂蛋白及脂蛋白（a）[Lp(a)]水平。采用聚合酶链反应－限制性长度片段多态性方法检测LDLR TaqⅠ基因多态性。结果 病例组于移植后3个月血脂水平即显著增高，于移植后6个月及1年时进一步升高；移植前血清TC、TG高于正常者仅占2.9%和7.6%，移植后3个月增高至28.6%和46.7%（P＜0.01）。移植后6个月升高至40.0%和59.0%，1年时升高至42.9%和62.9%，较3个月时显著升高（P＜0.05）。以TaqⅠ＋／－型人数最多，TaqⅠ＋／＋型最少；对照组Taq基因型分布与病例组的差异无显著性（P＞0.05）；不同基因型的受者血脂水平有所不同，多数指标依TaqⅠ－／－、TaqⅠ /-和TaqⅠ / 顺序递减；对照组因LDLR TaqⅠ基因型的不同，血清TC、LDLC水平的差异具有显著性，病例组除TC和LDLC外，TG、HDLC和Lp(a)的差异也有显著性。结论 肾移植术后易发生脂代谢紊乱，等位基因LDLR TaqⅠ是代谢紊乱发生的危险因子。     

胆囊结石患者血糖、血脂测定的结果分析

本文观察了64例胆囊结石患者血糖(GLU)、血脂含量。部分样品测定了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDI—C)、载脂蛋白AI(APOAI)、载脂蛋白p(APOB)。结果:胆囊结石患者血糖高于对照组(P<0.05);总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、TG/TC比值、APOB显著高于对照组(P<0.01);且胆囊结石组TG与TG/TC比值呈显著正相关(P<0.01);表明胆囊结石患者存在血糖、血脂代谢异常。并对血搪、血脂测定、TG与TG/TC比值可作为间接反映胆囊的成核因素参考指标进行了讨论。     

Are lipid‐dependent indicators of cardiovascular risk affected by renal transplantation?

Hyperlipoproteinemia has been reported to frequently occur in kidney transplanted patients, thus possibly explaining, at least in part, the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in this population. To evaluate the impact of renal transplantation (Tx), and related immunosuppressive therapy, on plasma lipoprotein and Lp(a) profile, we selected a cohort of kidney transplanted patients (36 M/14 F; age 33.8 + 12.0 yr, range 13-62) lacking significant causes of hyperlipidemia. All patients received a triple immunosuppressive regimen and showed a stable renal function after Tx (plasma creatinine: 1.36 +/- 0.35 mg/dL). One year after Tx, we found a significant increase of total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, ApoB and ApoA-I (p < 0.005), while plasma triglyceride levels remained unmodified. Lp(a) plasma levels after Tx were within the normal range and displayed a significant inverse relationship with apo(a) size. Noteworthy, LDL/HDL ratio and ApoB/ ApoA-I ratio in kidney transplanted patients were almost superimposable with those of normal controls. Specifically, LDL/HDL ratio significantly decreased in 64% of patients after Tx, due to a prevalent increase of HDL, and was associated with a moderate amelioration of plasma TG. In a multiple linear regression model, post-Tx HDL level was significantly related to recipient's age, gender, BMI and cyclosporine (CyA) trough levels (Adj-R2 = 0.35, p = 0.0002), with gender and CyA trough levels being the better predictors of HDL. In conclusion, immunosuppressive regimens, in themselves, do not appear to significantly increase the atherogenic risk related to lipoproteins. Rather, other factors can affect the lipoprotein profile and its vascular effects in renal transplant recipients.     

Long term efficacy of simvastatin in renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine or tacrolimus

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is frequently developed following renal transplantation and results in worsening of the patient's prognosis. METHODS: In this study, 14 patients who had hypercholesterolemia [total cholesterol (TC) >200 mg/dL] and hypertriglyceridemia [triglyceride (TG) >150 mg/dL] 1 month after renal transplantation (post-transplantation), seven patients each under the treatment with immunosuppressant, either cyclosporine or tacrolimus started simvastatin treatment of 5-10 mg/d and continued the treatment for 4 yr. The effect of simvastatin treatment was assessed by comparison in serum lipid levels (TC, TG, cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions, and apolipoproteins) and the lipid metabolism related enzyme activities for post-transplantation, after 6-month and 4-yr simvastatin treatment. RESULTS: Simvastatin treatment of 4 yr significantly decreased the elevated levels of serum TC from 234.5 +/- 30.8 to 186.3 +/- 20.5 mg/dL (p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from 116.7 +/- 22.5 to 82.7 +/- 16.6 mg/dL (p < 0.05) and TG from 200.3 +/- 109.2 to 97.0 +/- 45.2 mg/dL (p < 0.001). In addition, there were significant decreases in elevated serum very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) from 47.8 +/- 18.4 to 28.6 +/- 9.5 mg/dL (p < 0.001) and LDL2 cholesterol (LDL2-C) from 20.8 +/- 8.2 to 5.7 +/- 1.8 mg/dL (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that 4-yr treatment of simvastatin improves profiles of the atherogenic lipids in renal transplant patients with immunosuppressant caused hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia treated either cyclosporine or tacrolimus in similar manner.     

Use of atorvastatin in hyperlipidemic hypertensive renal transplant recipients

The aim of the present short-term study was to evaluate the use of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the effect on blood pressure in a group of hypertensive stable renal transplant recipients with hypercholesterolemia who received kidney grafts before 18 years of age. Eight patients (aged 10.8-30.1 years) with inadequately controlled total cholesterol (TC) levels by a lipid-lowering diet (8 weeks) were treated daily for 12 weeks with atorvastatin at an initial dose of 2.5 mg. The dose was increased monthly by 2.5 mg in order to lower TC levels to less than 200 mg/dl. Serum lipoprotein profile, cyclosporin A (CsA), serum creatinine (SCr), and liver and muscle enzyme levels were measured before starting the lipid-lowering diet, at the start of treatment (baseline), and during treatment. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) (24-h) was carried out in each patient at both baseline and the end of the follow-up. During the lipid-lowering diet, no significant changes in lipoprotein parameters were observed. Atorvastatin was tolerated well and no clinical side effects were noted during the follow-up. The final dose of atorvastatin ranged from 2.5 to 7.5 mg/day. At the end of the study, TC was reduced by 32.2% ( P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 41.8% ( P<0.05), and apo B by 29.5% ( P<0.05). No significant changes in HDL-C, VLDL-C, apolipoprotein AI, and lipoprotein(a) were observed. SCr and CsA levels were unaffected. Overall, no significant changes in mean 24-h, daytime, and nighttime ABPM values between the first and the second recordings were observed. However, both daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic ABPM values dropped in four patients. In conclusion, low-dose atorvastatin appears to be safe, well tolerated, and effective in the treatment of post-transplant hyperlipidemia. In addition, the capacity of atorvastatin to reduce blood pressure, whether or not related to its lipid-lowering action, deserves further investigation.     

A long-term study on hyperlipidemia in stable renal transplant recipients

OBJECTIVES: Hyperlipidemia is a common and important risk factor after renal transplantation, but there is little long-term data on its incidence, pattern, and evolution in stable renal allograft recipients on low dose maintenance immunosuppression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on all patients who received kidney transplants from April 1, 1990 to March 31, 2000 at a single center, on their serial lipid profile during the first 3 yr after kidney transplantation. RESULTS: A total of 221 (122 male, 99 female; mean age 37.8 +/- 10.0 yr at the time of transplantation) Chinese adult renal allograft recipients were included. A 95.3% of patients were on cyclosporine and prednisolone based immunosuppression. Increases in total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were noted, while the level of triglyceride (TG) decreased after renal transplant. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia (defined as TC >/= 6.3 mmol/L or LDL >/= 4.2 mmol/L) within the first year was 28.2 and 20.3%, respectively. The incidence rate decreased significantly in the second (5.4%, p = 0.000 and 6.4%, p = 0.003) and third year (9.5%, p = 0.003 and 4.9%, p = 0.021), but the incidence of patients having a high risk-ratio (defined as TC/HDL >/= 5) remained unchanged (6.9, 4.9 and 10.3% within the first, second, and third year, respectively). Treatment with statin was necessitated in 6.8, 13.6 and 21.7% of the patients at 1, 2, and 3 yr after transplantation, respectively. The prevalence rates of elevated TC and LDL were 18.3 and 18.9% at baseline, 40.6 and 33.3% after 1 yr, 32.8 and 27.3% after 2 yr, and 24.8 and 19.0% after 3 yr, despite treatment. The prevalence of patients with a high risk-ratio was 45.0% at baseline, 30.5% after 1 yr (p = 0.002), 22.6% after 2 yr (p = 0.000) and 21.8% after 3 yr (p = 0.000). Hypercholesterolemia at the time of transplantation was an independent predictor for post-transplant hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio 3.76, 95% confidence interval 1.47-9.62, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Renal transplantation is associated with a characteristic pattern of dyslipidemia, with increased TC, LDL and HDL, and a decrease in TG. Patients with pre-existing hypercholesterolemia were at higher risk for post-transplant hypercholesterolemia. Although the incidence of hypercholesterolemia peaks within the first year after transplantation, this remains a long-term complication in a significant proportion of patients on low dose immunosuppressive medications.     

Lipoprotein profiles at different stages of chronic renal insufficiency

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein abnormalities characteristic of renal dyslipoproteinemia are significantly associated with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency. The renal dyslipoproteinemia may contribute not only to accelerated development of atherosclerosis but also to progression of human chronic renal insufficiency. METHODS: The purpose of the studies was to estimate the lipid and lipoprotein profiles in 52 not dialysed patients with various renal insufficiency advancement. Basing on creatinine level the patients were divided into 3 groups. CR1-A--serum creatinine 2-5 mg/dL (n = 16), CR1-B--serum creatinine 5-10 mg/dL (n = 19), CR1-C--serum creatinine > 10 mg/dL (n = 17). RESULTS: In CR1-A and CR1-B dyslipoproteinemia was found at different stages of renal insufficiency which was manifested by the significant increase of TG, TC, LDL-C, apo B levels and TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and significant decrease of HDL-C level and apo AI/apoB, HDL-C/apoAI ratios in comparison with controls. We also observed decreased TG, TC, LDL-C, apo AI, apo B levels and TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and unchanged HDL-C level and apo AI/apoB, HDL-C/apoAI ratios in cm-c in comparison to CR1-A. The decrease of the lipoprotein parameters in CR1-C might result from malnutrition (statistically decreased albumin level) and metabolism disturbances connected with the renal insufficiency advancement. Negative correlation between IG, HDL-C levels (r = -0.43, p < 0.001) and TG, IIDL-C/apoAI (r = -0.56; p < 0.001) were found, which confirmed the abnormal composition of HDL molecules and indicated a high risk of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: Our results may indicate that of atherosclerosis in CR1 patients is connected with dyslipoproteinemia and disturbances in HDL molecular composition and with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency.     

慢性肾脏病患者血脂变化相关因素分析

目的通过分析慢性肾脏病非透析患者不同分期及原发病脂质代谢紊乱特点及其变化相关因素,为临床调脂治疗提供依据。方法对618例慢性肾脏病非透析患者进行回顾性研究,分析血脂特点及其变化相关因素。结果总胆固醇在前4期均高于对照组（P〈0．01）,三酰甘油在前4期高于对照组（P〈0.01）,高密度脂蛋白在各期均与对照组无差异。相关分析显示患者血总胆固醇与血红蛋白、红细胞压积等呈正相关（P〈0.01）,与白蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐等呈负相关（P〈0．05）。三酰甘油与血红蛋白、红细胞压积等呈正相关（P〈0.01）,与年龄、白蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐等呈负相关（P〈0．05）。高密度脂蛋白与血红蛋白、红细胞压积等呈正相关（P〈0．05）,与体质量、尿素氮、血肌酐呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论慢性肾脏病不同分期患者血脂水平异常与患者年龄、血红蛋白、白蛋白、肾功能等多种因素相关。