医学生头发中铜、锌、铁、锰、钙、铅含量检测及分析

目的 了解在校医学生的饮食结构和微量元素的水平,培养大学生良好的饮食习惯和生活方式.方法 用原子吸收光谱法测定130名在校大学生头发中铜、锌、铁、锰、钙、镁、铅的含量,同时测定学生食堂部分粮食、蔬菜中微量元素的含量.结果 所测元素水平与国内文献报道的基本一致;男生头发铁含量显著高于女生,女生头发锰含量显著高于男生;其他元素未见明显的性别差异.结论 大学生头发中的微量元素存在着性别差异,此特征对今后的微量元素与健康的研究具有重要的参考价值与指导意义.     

机体代谢变化与晕船的关系

目的　探讨晕船对血清铁、铜、锌、尿素氮、肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶的影响。方法　以 3 0名 2 0～ 2 2岁男学员为研究对象 ,测定出航前与晕船发生后的血清铁、铜、锌和尿素氮、肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶的变化。结果　出航前、后受试者血清锌、铁、尿素氮、肌酐的含量分别为 (10 60± 0 3 3 ) μmol/L ,(2 0 48± 0 96) μmol/L ,(4 2 9±0 18)mmol/L ,(88 13± 3 0 3 ) μmol/L和 (11 98± 0 44 ) μmol/L ,(9 68± 0 66) μmol/L ,(7 11± 0 3 0 )mmol/L ,(10 8 5 9± 3 90 ) μmol/L ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;血清铜、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶在航行前后分别为 (14 2 9± 1 10 ) μmol/L、(12 9 3 3± 4 12 )U/L、(2 17 13± 40 0 4)U/L和 (13 67± 0 5 6) μmol/L、(146 63± 9 2 2 )U/L、(148 0 7± 9 94)U/L ,无显著性差异。结论　晕船对血清微量元素和尿素氮、肌酐含量有显著影响 ,表现为血清锌、尿素氮、肌酐显著升高 ,血清铁显著下降 ,而对血清铜、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶无明显影响     

Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois,Indiana, Kansas,Missouri, Ohio,and Wisconsin, 2003

CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons in the United States who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or with persons with monkeypox. This report updates results of the epidemiologic investigation, provides information on the use of smallpox vaccine during the outbreak, and summarizes the animal tracing activities to identify the origin and subsequent distribution of infected animals.     

Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois,Indiana, Kansas,Missouri, Ohio,and Wisconsin, 2003

CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or persons with monkeypox. This report updates epidemiologic, laboratory, and smallpox vaccine use data for U.S. cases, and summarizes the laboratory-based evidence implicating imported African rodents as the probable source of the outbreak.     

Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois,Indiana, Kansas,Missouri, Ohio,and Wisconsin, 2003

CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or persons with monkeypox. This report updates epidemiologic, laboratory, and smallpox vaccine use data for U.S. cases.     

The what,who, why,where, when,and how of primary prevention

This paper discusses primary prevention's basic tenets and generic principles. It describes its essential elements and explains how prevention's technology of education, social competency, community organization/systems intervention, and natural caregiving can be used to prevent dysfunctional behaviors while promoting healthy lifestyles.     

Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois,Indiana, Kansas,Missouri, Ohio,and Wisconsin, 2003

CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons who had close contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or persons with monkeypox. This report updates epidemiologic, laboratory, and animal data for U.S. cases.     

Spatial,Ecologic, and Clinical Epidemiology of Community-Onset,Ceftriaxone-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae,Cook County,Illinois, USA

We performed a spatial and mixed ecologic study of community-onset Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected from a public healthcare system in Cook County, Illinois, USA. Individual-level data were collected from the electronic medical record and census tract–level data from the US Census Bureau. Associations between individual- and population-level characteristics and presence of ceftriaxone resistance were determined by logistic regression analysis. Spatial analysis confirmed nonrandom distribution of ceftriaxone resistance across census tracts, which was associated with higher percentages of Hispanic, foreign-born, and uninsured residents. Individual-level analysis showed that ceftriaxone resistance was associated with male sex, an age range of 35–85 years, race or ethnicity other than non-Hispanic Black, inpatient encounter, and percentage of foreign-born residents in the census tract of isolate provenance. Our findings suggest that the likelihood of community-onset ceftriaxone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is influenced by geographic and population-level variables. The development of effective mitigation strategies might depend on better accounting for these factors.     

旅行者腹泻

序言 旅行者腹泻(TD)是影响旅行者健康最为常见和重要的问题.对于商业或是观光施行者,旅行腹泻不管是从发生频率还是经济方面都会产生很大的影响.大约有20%-50%的旅行者会出现这一症状,如不进行治疗会导致较高的发病率.幸运的是,典型的旅行者腹泻极少会导致死亡.大约有40%的TD患者会改变旅行计划,约20%的TD患者需卧床治疗,只有1%的患者需住院治疗.如果旅程中发生一次重度腹泻,整个旅行就泡汤了.由于TD是可以预防的,因此在给旅行者进行咨询的时候需加以重点介绍.新的预防方法、自我治疗以及新疫苗的研制从很大程度上改变了TD的病程和不良影响.     

糖尿病血糖 血脂及钾 钠 氯 镁元素的相关性分析

目的:探讨两组血糖、血脂水平、血清K、Na、Cl、Mg之间的相关性。方法:以231例已确诊的糖尿病患者为糖尿病组,以121例非糖尿病患者为非糖尿病组比较分析各指标之间的相关性。结果:①两组TC、HDL—C、LDL—C水平存在差异(P<0.05)。两组间K、Na、Cl、Mg、TG、ApoA1、ApoB、Apo(a)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②空腹血糖与Na,HDL—C呈负相关(P<0.01);TC与TG、LDL—C呈正相关(P<0.01);TC与ApoB呈正相关(P<0.05);TG与ApoA1、ApoB呈正相关(P<0.05);LDL—C与Apo(a)呈正相关(P<0.05);ApoA1与ApoB呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:①糖尿病组K、Na、Cl、Mg微量元素水平与血糖无相关性;②血糖与Na负相关,可能是高血糖渗透利尿导致Na丢失;③脂代谢紊乱与糖尿病联系密切,脂代谢可作为判断糖尿病患者血糖控制好坏的标准;④脂类中各成分水平有相关性,ApoA1可作为动脉粥样硬化发生的间接指标。     

Outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

From December 1999 to April 2001, the greater Edmonton region had 61 cases of invasive meningococcal infection, two fatal. The outbreak was due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C, electrophoretic type 15, serotype 2a. Analysis of the strains showed that 50 of 56 culture-confirmed cases were due to a single clone and close relatives of this clone. This strain had not been previously identified in the province of Alberta dating back to January 1997.