中心静脉置管行胸腔积液引流的护理

通过对照实验的方法采用射频透热治疗恶性胸腔积液,并与传统的胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液进行对比分析.结果表明,射频透热治疗治疗组总有效率94.9%,单纯灌注治疗组总有效率69.6%,两组疗效对比有明显差异(P＜0.005)其优点,射频透热治疗能使胸水充分吸收,达到治疗目的.它是一种简单有效、安全、可靠、绿色、患者容易接受的一种方法.值得推广.     

胸腔循环热灌注化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的护理体会

目的探讨恶性胸腔积液在胸腔循环热灌注化疗期间的护理体会及要点。方法对恶性胸腔积液患者行胸腔热灌注化疗,分析治疗期间出现的不良反应、护理体会及临床疗效。结果热灌注化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液总有效率为76.9%,不良反应中胃肠道反应发生率(84.6%)较高。3个月后完全消失。结论热灌注化疗是一种有效治疗恶性胸腔积液的手段,加强化疗期间的护理措施,可提高患者的生存质量。较少化疗各种不良反应。     

诺维本治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的：观察诺维本治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。以便寻找更安全有效的药物,及早控制病情,提高患者的生活质量。方法：晚期肺癌患者４２例,晚期乳腺癌患者１２例,所有患者分为诺维本治疗组（２０组）,其他药物治疗组（２５例）。所有患者行胸腔闭式引流术,诺维本２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾２,博莱霉素４０ｍｇ／ｍ＾２,顺铂６０ｍｇ／ｍ＾２,丝裂霉素６ｍｇ／ｍ＾２,长春花碱２ｍｇ／ｍ＾２,均用２％利多卡因５～１０ｍｌ溶解,将药物注入     

胸腔内置管化疗在恶性胸腔积液治疗中的作用

目的　探讨胸腔内置入单腔中心静脉导管化疗对恶性胸腔积液的价值。　方法　观察组 (n =17)胸腔内置入导管持续引流后腔内注入卡铂与α- 2b干扰素 ,对照组 (n =2 9)反复胸腔穿刺引流后腔内注入卡铂与α - 2b干扰素。治疗后 1月、3月及 6月观察疗效 ,胸水变化参考WHO癌性渗液疗效判定标准。　结果　观察组腔内治疗 ( 2 2± 1 9)次 ,对照组腔内治疗 ( 5 3± 1 3)次 ,两组比较差异有显著性 (t=5 92 4,P =0 0 0 )。观察组治疗后 1月、3月及 6月 ,CR分别为 10 / 16例、11/ 16例及 10 / 15例 ,对照组分别为 9/ 2 9例、11/ 2 9例及 5 / 19例 ,观察组明显高于对照组 (P值分别为 0 0 43 ,0 0 5 0 ,0 0 2 0 )。治疗后 1月、3月及 6月 ,观察组总有效率分别为 87 5 %、87 5 %、80 0 % ,对照组总有效率分别为 6 2 5 %、6 8 5 %、6 6 7% ,两组总有效率无明显差异 (P值分别为 0 35 6 ,0 114,0 178)。观察组远期疗效较好 ,治疗后第 6个月仍有 10 / 15病例达到CR。两组出现的副作用差异无显著性 ( χ2 =2 4 91,P =0 0 114)。　结论　胸腔内置入中心静脉导管化疗达到CR的例数提高 ,可明显降低卡铂与α - 2b干扰素联合治疗次数 ,副作用小。     

胸腔灌注化疗联合全身热疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的护理

对84例恶性胸腔积液患者胸腔置入中心静脉导管抽液后注入化疗药物联合全身热疗,并在治疗前进行心理护理及充分准备工作;治疗中密切观察病情;治疗后加强引流管及不良反应的护理,84例患者均顺利完成治疗,治疗有效率为71.4%.     

胸腔内应用滑石粉对恶性胸腔积液的治疗价值

目的：探讨胸腔内应用滑石粉对恶性胸腔积液的治疗价值。方法：44例恶性胸腔积液，在胸片或B超定位下行胸腔闭式引流，以每间隔2h释放200ml胸液的速度放尽胸水，采用滑石粉4g、生理盐水40ml、2%利多卡因5ml混合而成的悬液，通过引流管注入胸膜腔，夹闭引流管，让病人反复改变体位2h，恢复引流，至24h内胸液引流量＜150ml时拔管。结果：痊愈36例（81.8%），显效6例（13.7%),无效2例（4.5%)，总有效率95.5%。并发症有胸痛21例（47.7%)，发热24例（54.5%)，呼吸窘迫1例，均可药物控制。结论：以滑石粉行胸膜粘连，治疗恶性胸腔积液，操作简单，安全有效，值得临床推广。     

重组人白介素-2治疗恶性胸腔积液的观察和护理

目的:探讨重组人白介素-2治疗恶性胸腔积液的护理措施.方法:采用重组人白介素-2注入胸腔治疗53例恶性胸腔积液,取得满意的临床效果的护理对策进行回顾性分析.结果:患者的胸腔积液明显减少,26例完全有效,21例部分有效,6例无效,病情恶化.结论:采用重组人白介素-2胸腔内注射是目前治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效方法之一,它可以有效杀灭肿瘤细胞,减少积液的渗出,减轻胸痛和呼吸困难等症状,提高病人的生存质量.     

力尔凡胸腔内给药治疗肺癌胸腔积液疗效观察

目的探讨力尔凡胸腔内给药治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液的效果。方法将83例肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者随机分成两组，对照组（12例）胸腔内注入化疗药物，观察组（41例，胸腔内注射力尔凡。结果两组药物疗效比较．差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）；不良反应比较．差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论力尔凡胸腔内给药治疗恶性胸腔积液不良反应少．效果显著。     

恶性胸腔积液的治疗现状

正常情况下,胸膜腔内有少量浆液性液体,起润滑作用,约3～15 ml;在某些病理情况下,胸腔积液的量会增加,性状也会发生改变,临床上称为胸腔积液.恶性肿瘤晚期,癌细胞通过侵犯胸壁的血管,使毛细血管通透性增加,胸腔积液生成增加,肿瘤细胞通过释放蛋白因子引起炎症反应,导致胸膜毛细血管通透性增加,胸腔积液渗出增加,侵犯淋巴系统,使淋巴孔堵塞,胸腔积液回吸收减少,从而产生胸腔积液,临床上称为恶性胸腔积液（malignant pleural effusions,MPE）.肺癌和恶性胸膜间皮瘤是导致恶性胸腔积液的最常见病因,在女性患者中,常见的还有乳腺癌[1].[第一段]     

顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液32例疗效观察

目的 探讨顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效及机制。方法 将64例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为观察组(32例)和对照组(32例)。观察组32例患者放尽胸水后经胸腔内注入顺铂加香菇多糖进行治疗；对照组32例患者放尽胸水后经胸腔内注入顺铂进行治疗。结果 观察组有效率(84．4％)高于对照组(50.0％)具有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论 顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液患者有确切疗效。明显提高化疗药敏感性，提高患者生存期及生活质量。     

胸腔置管引流并腔内给药治疗恶性胸腔积液患者的护理进展

概述胸腔内置管的适用范围、导管的选择、穿刺的方法及常用药物,总结了恶性胸腔积液患者胸腔置管引流和腔内给药的围术期护理方法,为临床实践提供参考。     

The treatment of recurrent malignant pleural effusion.

Effective control of a recurrent malignant pleural effusion can greatly improve the quality of life of the cancer patient. At least a dozen different techniques have been advocated for controlling this common complication of malignant disease. The present review collects and examines the clinical results of all techniques designed to treat this problem. The pathophysiology and diagnostic evaluation of the effusion are also discussed. On the basis of comparisons involving effectiveness, morbidity, and convenience, we recommend intrapleurally administered tetracycline with thoracostomy drainage as the technique of choice. Instillation of a talc suspension with thoracostomy drainage is also a safe and effective technique and should be employed when tetracycline fails or is contraindicated.     

A malignant pleural effusion infected with Salmonella enteritidis.

A patient is described with a unilateral pleural effusion persistently infected with Salmonella enteritidis. The infection was eventually eradicated with ciprofloxacin. A computed tomographic scan and mediastinal lymph node biopsy demonstrated an underlying small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.     

Treatment of malignant pleural effusion by pleurodesis with talc

In some types of cancer (breast, lung) a malignant pleural effusion may be present during the evolution of the neoplastic disease in more than 50% of cases. The main therapeutic option for palliative purposes in these cases is chemical pleurodesis with talc. The aims of this study were to report on our experience with the use of pleurodesis with talc in the treatment of patients affected by malignant pleural effusions and to analyse the results in the short and mean term. Over the period from January 1998 to December 1999, 16 patients were included in the study. The causes of the pleural effusion were a pleural mesothelioma in 1 patient and pleural metastases in 15 patients (from lung and breast cancers in 62%). We treated 14 of these patients with talc poudrage and 2 patients with talc slurry. The talc was applied under video-assisted thorascopic management in 15 patients, while in 1 patient the talc was injected via the thoracic drainage tube. Two patients died within the first month as a result of progression of the neoplastic disease and one patient was withdrawn from the study owing to failure to collaborate. Of the other 13 patients, 11 (84%) had a total or partial response to the pleurodesis; in 9 of these patients (69.2%) the response remained stable until death, while in 2 patients the pleural effusion reappeared after 3 and 5 months, respectively. Failure of the pleurodesis occurred in 2/13 patients owing to reappearance of the pleural effusion within the first month.     

Palliation in malignant pleural effusion.

Experience with thoracostomy and intrapleural chemotherapy in the management of malignant pleural effsion is presented. Of 19 patients not requiring further thoracentesis, five died within one month. The surviving 14 patients all responded, 11 completely and three partially, with good palliation, for periods of from one to 28 months. Indications for the procedure and technical problems are discussed, and the results evaluated. This would seem ot be the method of choice for recurring malignant pleural effusion.     

Parietal pleurectomy for malignant pleural effusion

Background: Malignant pleural effusions are seen frequently in clinical practice and are most commonly caused by breast cancer and lung cancer. Standard treatment usually consists of complete drainage of the pleural space via a chest tube and instillation of a pleural irritant to obtain pleural symphysis. In a majority of instances, such treatment effectively controls the pleural space; however, standard treatment fails in some cases. Methods: Twenty-four patients who did not respond to standard treatment for malignant pleural effusion were subjects for parietal pleurectomy, which was usually performed through an axillary thoracotomy. In several cases, decortication was also necessary. The study population was composed of 18 women and six men. Twelve of the patients had carcinoma of the breast, five carcinoma of the lung, and four carcinoma of the ovary. Results: Three patients died in the perioperative period to give an operative mortality of 12.5%. The other 21 patients all had satisfactory control of their recurrent malignant effusions. Their survival time ranged from 2 to 30 months (average 10.6). Conclusions: Parietal pleurectomy is an effective operation for recurrent malignant pleural effusion. However, because of its significant morbidity and mortality, it should be reserved for failures of standard treatment, and patient selection is important. Presented at the 46th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, California, March 18–21, 1993.