加速康复外科理念在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用

目的初步探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)应用于腹腔镜肝切除中的安全性及效果。方法选取2014年1月-2016年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院肝胆外科接受腹腔镜肝切除的患者55例,随机分为ERAS组(27例)和围手术期常规处理组,即对照组(28例),比较2组患者术后肝功能恢复情况、CRP、术后并发症发生率、术后康复情况、术后康复体力评分及生活状况。计量资料2组间比较采用独立样本t检验,2组间指标变化趋势的比较采用重复测量方差分析,计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验。结果2组患者术前术中各方面指标差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。与对照组相比,ERAS组除术后第5天AST、CRP水平显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.168、2.291,P值均<0.05),其余肝功能指标差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。ERAS组术后非手术部位并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.150,P<0.05),并发症总发生率、手术部位并发症发生率以及Clavien-Dindo并发症分级差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。术后康复评分中综合评分、疼痛评分、活动评分ERAS组均显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为1.297、2.777、3.009,P值均<0.05),且排气时间、排便时间和术后住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.291、2.577、4.229,P值均<0.05)。结论 ERAS应用于腹腔镜肝切除可减少手术应激,降低非手术部位并发症发生,加速患者术后康复。     

Effects of evidence-based nursing combined with enhanced recovery after surgery on shoulder joint function and neurological function after arthroscopic rotator cuff injury repair

To explore the effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) nursing combined with limbs training on shoulder joint range of motion and neurological function of patients with rotator cuff injury after surgery.60 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. The experimental group received ERAS nursing combined with rehabilitation training, while the control group received routine nursing. The prognostic effects of nursing care and shoulder joint range of motion between the two groups were compared.There were differences in general indicators between the two groups (P = .001). There was no significant difference in the evaluation indexes of the two groups of patients (P > .05). The visual analog scale score and the degree of swelling of the affected limb of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P = .001; .001). After 1, 6, 12 weeks of treatment, the Constant-Murley, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and University of California-Los Angeles scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P = .001; .001; .001). After 2, 4 weeks of treatment, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P = .001). The self-efficacy evaluation of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group (P = .001); the complication rate was lower than that of the control group (P = .006).Compared with simple postoperative nursing recovery, ERAS nursing combined with limbs training can improve the exercise capacity of the shoulder joint and the recovery of neurological function, reduce the occurrence of complications.     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影治疗取石困难胆总管结石64例

目的:探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)在取石困难胆总管结石中的应用价值.方法:连续收集64例取石困难胆总管结石患者,分析在ERCP术中操作的难点,巨大结石采用机械碎石、激光碎石、体外震波碎石法;胆总管畸形采用变换体位、反复吸引、网篮体外塑形法;胆管过度扩张或狭窄采用吸引或柱状气囊扩张法;结石坚硬采用反复缓慢加压碎石法再进行胆管取石.结果:64例取石困难者,经ERCP取石成功53例,总体取石成功率为82.81%.其中巨大结石者18例,取石成功15例,成功率83.33%;胆总管畸形者18例,取石成功14例,成功率77.78%;胆总管过度扩张或狭窄者19例,取石成功16例,成功率84.21%;结石坚硬者9例,取石成功8例,成功率88.89%.结论:ERCP术可以有效地治疗取石困难胆总管结石.     

加速康复外科理念在老年患者行腹腔镜胆道探查术中的应用

目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)理念下行腹腔镜胆道探查术(LCBDE)对老年胆总管结石患者的效果。方法入选2014年2月至2018年3月内蒙古医科大学第三附属医院普外科收治的老年胆总管结石患者120例,随机数字表法分为ERAS组及对照组,每组60例。ERAS组给予加速康复方案治疗,对照组给予常规治疗,比较2组患者的术后疗效、术后并发症及术后镇痛效果。采用SPSS 18. 0统计软件对数据进行处理。组间比较采用t检验、χ~2检验或秩和检验。结果 ERAS组患者相比对照组患者术后下床时间[(9. 62±2. 35) vs (22. 51±3. 32) h]、排气时间[(22. 13±5. 12) vs(37. 51±6. 43)h]、进食时间[(18. 75±3. 28) vs (34. 69±4. 47)h]、住院天数[(9. 73±1. 48) vs (14. 73±2. 92)d]明显提前,住院费用降低[(1. 68±0. 23)×10~4vs (2. 47±0. 32)×104RMB$],肺部感染[5. 00%(3/60) vs 13. 33%(8/60)]、尿路感染[3. 33%(2/60) vs 11. 67%(7/60)]、腹胀发生率[8. 33%(5/60) vs 20. 00%(12/60)]均降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。ERAS组患者术后镇痛达到优者占81. 67%(49/60),明显高于对照组的48. 33%(29/60),差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论老年患者在ERAS原则下行LCBDE安全、有效,值得推广。     

加速康复外科在老年早期非小细胞肺癌病人诊疗中的作用

目的 探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在老年早期非小细胞肺癌病人中的应用效果.方法 选取2018年6月至2019年5月在江苏省肿瘤医院胸外科采取胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的老年早期非小细胞肺癌病人248例.根据病人是否采取ERAS分为A组(采取ERAS)99例和B组(未采取ERAS)149例.观察2组病人的术后并发症(包括肺不张...     

加速康复外科理念在肝切除术围手术期应用的Meta分析

目的系统评价加速康复外科理念在肝切除术围手术期的应用价值。方法检索Pub Med、EMBase、Cochrane图书馆、Sinomed,万方、维普、中国知网等数据库,文献检索起止时间均从建库至2017年7月。对纳入文献进行质量评价和数据提取,应用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入17篇文献,其中随机对照试验14篇,半随机对照试验3篇。共收集2220例患者,其中加速康复组1002例,对照组1218例。相比于对照组,加速康复组术后住院时间[加权均数差(WMD)=-2.58,95%置信区间(95%CI):-3.47^-1.70,P<0.05]、功能康复时间(WMD=-3.39,95%CI:-4.32^-2.45,P<0.05)、首次排气时间[标准化均数差(SMD)=-1.56,95%CI:-2.15^-0.97,P<0.05]均缩短;并发症发生率降低[比值比(OR)=0.64,95%CI:0.52~0.78,P<0.05];住院费用明显减少(SMD=-0.85,95%CI:-1.23^-0.47,P<0.05)。而再入院率(OR=1.28,95%CI:0.69~2.69,P>0.05)、手术时间(WMD=-11.36,95%CI:-23.25~0.53,P>0.05)和术中出血(WMD=-22.62,95%CI:-38.89^-6.34,P>0.05)并没有明显差异。结论加速康复外科理念应用于肝切除术围手术期是安全有效的,值得推广。     

加速康复外科与手术相关差异的研究进展

加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)是指使用标准化、多模式的围手术期策略来减少手术引起的生理应激和器官功能障碍.自ERAS理念提出以来,其在外科领域广受推崇.它在外科领域对于绝大部分患者,医务人员和医疗保健系统的益处是显而易见的.然而,对于某些特定的接受手术的人群来说,其益处则并不确定,这就是所谓的手术相关差异.本文将近年来不同外科领域有关不同种族人群出现手术相关差异的研究进行分析,综述了大量有关ERAS的实施对手术相关差异的正面影响,并阐述了其可能的发生机制.最终得出结论,ERAS一种解决手术相关差异的标准化模式,应该成为外科围手术期管理的金标准.     

LC联合术中ERCP一期治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）联合术中内镜下逆行胆胰管造影（ERCP）及乳头切开（EST）取石一期治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石的可行性和安全性。方法回顾分析应用LC联合术中ERCP一期治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石36例的临床资料,分析原发病、手术方式、术后康复、住院时间及并发症。结果术前明确胆总管结石31例中10例先行术中ERCP取石,取石成功后再行LC;余21例和5例术前怀疑胆总管结石、术中经胆囊管胆道造影（TCC）证实胆总管结石者先行LC,继而行ERCP取石。LC手术均获成功,ERCP取石成功率为97.22%。术后5例出现一过性血淀粉酶升高,无明显出血、胆漏等并发症,术后住院平均为4 d。结论 LC联合术中ERCP一期治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石安全、有效,可避免不必要的ERCP及因术后ERCP失败而致患者再次手术。     

加速康复外科与传统康复方案在肝切除术中应用比较的Meta分析

目的评价加速康复外科(ERAS)与传统康复方案在肝切除术中的应用效果。方法文献检索到2016年8月,在Pub Med、EBSCO、MEDLINE及Cochrane数据库中检索ERAS与传统康复方案在肝脏外科中应用效果比较的文献,2名单独观察者根据纳入与排除标准进行质量评价与数据提取后,采用Rev Man5.3.5软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入4篇文献,共524例患者,其中254例为ERAS组,270例为传统治疗组。ERAS组术后住院时间明显优于传统治疗组[加权均数差(WMD)=-2.72,95%可信区间(95%CI):-3.86^-1.57,P<0.000 01];ERAS组功能恢复时间明显早于传统治疗组(WMD=-2.67,95%CI:-3.68^-1.65,P<0.000 01);ERAS组总并发症发生率明显少于传统治疗组[比值比(OR)=0.45,95%CI:0.30~0.67,P<0.000 1],亚组分析1级并发症及2~5级并发症的发生率ERAS组也具有明显优势(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.31~0.98,P<0.05;OR=0.49,95%CI:0.32~0.76,P<0.05);2组再住院率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1 d及3 d C反应蛋白含量2组比较差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),而术后5 d ERAS组C反应蛋白含量明显小于传统治疗组(WMD=-21.68,95%CI:-29.30^-14.05,P<0.000 1);ERAS组术后第1次排气时间明显早于传统治疗组(WMD=-0.93,95%CI:-1.41^-0.46,P=0.000 1)。结论 ERAS在肝脏外科中的应用是安全、有效且可行的。     

ERAS理念在结直肠癌治疗中的应用

加速康复外科是近年来提出的一种崭新的围手术期管理模式,其具有术后恢复快、并发症少、住院时间短、住院费用低等特点,并已广泛应用于各个外科领域。本文主要概述了加速康复外科在手术治疗结直肠癌中的具体应用。     

Neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery ERAS for geriatric patients undergoing elective craniotomy: A review

Population aging is an unprecedented, multifactorial, and global process that poses significant challenges to healthcare systems. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to optimize perioperative care. The first neurosurgical ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy has contributed to a shortened postoperative hospital stay, accelerated functional recovery, improved patient satisfaction, and reduced medical care cost in adult patients aged 18 to 65 years compared with conventional perioperative care. However, ERAS protocols for geriatric patients over 65 years of age undergoing cranial surgery are lacking. In this paper, we propose a novel ERAS protocol for such patients by reviewing and summarizing the key elements of successful ERAS protocols/guidelines and optimal perioperative care for geriatric patients described in the literature, as well as our experience in applying the first neurosurgical ERAS protocol for a quality improvement initiative. This proposal aimed to establish an applicable protocol for geriatric patients undergoing elective craniotomy, with evidence addressing its feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy. This multimodal, multidisciplinary, and evidence-based ERAS protocol includes preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative assessment and management as well as outcome measures. The implementation of the current protocol may hold promise in reducing perioperative morbidity, enhancing functional recovery, improving postoperative outcomes in geriatric patients scheduled for elective craniotomy, and serving as a stepping stone to promote further research into the advancement of geriatric patient care.     

结直肠手术应用加速康复外科中国专家共识(2015版)

这是由中华医学会肠外肠内营养学会加速康复外科协作组制订的第1个关于加速康复外科(ERAS)在结直肠手术应用的中国专家共识。ERAS的概念是指通过优化围术期的处理,减少患者心理和生理的创伤应激,达到减少并发症,减少医疗费用,缩短住院时间,使患者获得快速康复的作用。ERAS是21世纪一项重要的外科学进展及革命,目前在结直肠手术中的应用最为成功。根据国内外文献及专家经验,制订了《结直肠手术应用加速康复外科中国专家共识(2015版)》。     

Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery programs on pancreatic surgery: A meta-analysis

AIM To evaluate the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) programs on postoperative complications of pancreatic surgery. METHODS Computer searches were performed in databases(including PubM ed, Cochrane Library and Embase) for randomized controlled trials or case-control studies describing ERAS programs in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery published between January 1995 and August 2017. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the studies' extracted data that met the inclusion criteria and performed a metaanalysis using Rev Man5.3.5 software. Forest plots, demonstrating the outcomes of the ERAS group vs the control group after pancreatic surgery, and funnel plots were used to evaluate potential publication bias.RESULTS Twenty case-control studies including 3694 patients, published between January 1995 and August 2017, were selected for the meta-analysis. This study included the ERAS group(n = 1886) and the control group(n = 1808), which adopted the traditional perioperative management. Compared to the control group, the ERAS group had lower delayed gastric emptying rates [odds ratio(OR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48-0.72, P 0.00001], lower postoperative complication rates(OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.45-0.72, P 0.00001), particularly for the mild postoperative complications(Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ-Ⅱ)(OR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.58-0.88, P = 0.002), lower abdominal infection rates(OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.54-0.90, P = 0.006), and shorter postoperative length of hospital stay(PLOS)(WMD =-4.45, 95%CI:-5.99 to-2.91, P 0.00001). However, there were no significant differences in complications, such as, postoperative pancreatic fistulas, moderate to severe complications(Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ-Ⅴ), mortality, readmission and unintended reoperation, in both groups.CONCLUSION The perioperative implementation of ERAS programs in pancreatic surgery is safe and effective, can decrease postoperative complication rates, and can promote recovery for patients.     

加速康复外科在脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症患者临床应用研究*

目的 探讨加速康复外科理念（ERAS）在门脉高压症患者围手术期的临床应用价值。方法 随机将80例门脉高压症患者分成两组,40例在围手术期采用ERAS理念管理,另40例在围手术期采用传统处理方案处理。结果 ERAS组患者术后24 h和48 h疼痛评分分别为（2.1±0.6）分和（2.2±0.6）分,显著低于对照组[（3.7±0.8）和（3.0±0.6）,P<0.01];ERAS组术后肛门排气时间、术后拔管时间和术后住院时间分别为（2.4±0.5） d、（5.2±0.8） d和（8.5±2.2） d,显著短于对照组[（3.5±0.7） d、（7.6±3.0） d和（11.6±5.3） d,P<0.01];术后第5 d,ERAS组血清谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素和白蛋白水平分别为（27.6±11.3） U/L、（18.3±6.2） μmol/L和（41.8±5.4） g/L,与对照组的[（48.6±44.3） U/L、（23.3±11.5） μmol/L和（37.1±5.1） g/L比,差异显著（P<0.01）;ERAS组术后19例（47.5%）出现并发症,显著低于对照组的29例（72.5%）（P<0.05）。结论 应用ERAS在门脉高压症患者围手术期管理中安全有效,可加快患者术后康复。     

Development of a universal thoracic enhanced recover after surgery protocol for implementation across a diverse multi-hospital health system

BackgroundImplementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways for patients undergoing anatomic lung resection have been reported at individual institutions. We hypothesized that an ERAS pathway can be successfully implemented across a large healthcare system including different types of hospital settings (academic, academic-affiliated, community).MethodsAn expert panel with representation from each hospital within a healthcare system was convened to establish a thoracic ERAS pathway for patients undergoing anatomic lung resection and to develop tools and analytics to ensure consistent application. The protocol was translated into an order set and pathway within the electronic health record (EHR). Iterative implementation was performed with recording of the processes involved. Barriers and facilitators to implementation were recorded.ResultsDevelopment and implementation of the protocol took 13 months from conception to rollout. Considerable change management was needed for consensus and incorporation into practice. Facilitators of change included peer accountability, incorporating ERAS care elements into the EHR, and conducting case reviews with timely feedback on protocol deviations. Barriers included institutional cultural differences, agreement in defining mindful deviation from the ERAS protocol, lack of access to specific coded data, and resource scarcity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Support from the hospital system’s executive leadership and institutional commitment to quality improvement helped overcome barriers and maintain momentum.ConclusionsDevelopment and implementation of a health-system wide thoracic ERAS protocol for anatomic lung resections across a six-hospital health system requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Barriers can be overcome though multidisciplinary team engagement and executive leadership support.     

治疗性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影在高龄人群胆总管结石中的应用(附91例临床分析)

目的评价内镜治疗70岁以上胆总管结石患者的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2004年1月～2010年12月我院内镜中心91例70岁以上胆总管结石患者的内镜诊治资料及随访情况。结果 91例患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)全部成功,其中18例因插管困难行十二指肠乳头括约肌预切开术。所有患者均有胆总管结石,其中1枚结石者48例,2枚结石者19例,3枚或3枚以上结石者24例;取石方法:网篮直接取石13例,机械碎石后取石52例,球囊扩张后取石11例;胆总管放置塑料支架而未能一次取石15例。胆总管结石直径1.4～4.5 cm,平均(1.9±0.7)cm。7例出现出血并发症,应用局部喷洒或黏膜下注射1∶10 000肾上腺素、局部电凝方法止血;11例患者术后出现一过性淀粉酶升高,2例患者发生ERCP相关胰腺炎,上述患者行禁食、抑制胰液分泌、抑制胰酶活性、抗炎补液等治疗。入组患者无ERCP相关性死亡,89例患者随访6～12个月,2例失访,5例出现结石再发。结论内镜下治疗高龄胆总管结石患者疗效确切,安全性较好。     

加速康复外科管理模式在膝关节结核病灶清除手术治疗中的应用

目的: 评价加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)管理模式在膝关节结核病灶清除手术治疗中的应用价值。 方法: 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院骨科,在ERAS管理模式下行膝关节结核病灶清除手术治疗的患者35例(ERAS组),与2015年12月至2017年12月常规围手术期管理模式下连续进行的膝关节结核病灶清除手术35例(非ERAS组)进行对照研究。对比出血量、术后总引流量、术后下肢深静脉血栓发生情况、刀口一期愈合情况、住院时间;分别应用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)与美国特种外科医院(hospital of special surgery,HSS)膝关节评分评价患者术前与术后8周时疼痛程度与膝关节功能。 结果: ERAS组出血量为(65.0±12.2)ml,较非ERAS组的(125.8±35.0)ml明显减少;ERAS组术后总引流量为(212.9±32.2)ml,较非ERAS组的(408.6±51.9)ml明显减少;ERAS组住院时间为(19.1±2.4)d,较非ERAS组的(28.5±9.7)d明显缩短。两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-5.085、-11.203、-3.278,P值均<0.05)。ERAS组无术后下肢深静脉血栓发生,非ERAS组发生2例。ERAS组35例刀口一期愈合,非ERAS组31例。术后8周时,ERAS组VAS评分为(2.6±0.8)分,较术前的(7.7±0.7)分明显降低;HSS评分为(77.4±3.8)分,较术前的(36.5±4.1)分明显提高。ERAS组两种评分手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为18.419、-29.654,P值均<0.05)。非ERAS组VAS评分为(3.9±1.0)分,较术前的(8.0±0.8)分明显降低;HSS评分为(68.3±5.0)分,较术前的(36.4±4.6)分明显提高,非ERAS组两种评分手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.807、-12.771,P值均<0.05)。术后8周时,ERAS组VAS评分较非ERAS组明显降低,HSS评分较非ERAS组明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.751、4.502,P值均<0.05)。 结论: 膝关节结核病灶清除手术围手术期应用ERAS 管理,可以减轻术后疼痛症状,改善关节功能,减少出血量与引流量,缩短住院时间,达到促进患者快速康复、减少并发症的目的。     

快速康复外科理念在老年患者全髋关节置换术中的应用效果探讨

目的探讨快速康复外科(ERAS)理念在老年患者全髋关节置换术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析该院2017-01~2019-01行全髋关节置换术的80例老年患者资料。其中接受ERAS理念指导治疗的40例患者为ERAS组,接受传统治疗方案的40例患者为对照组。比较两组术后髋关节功能Harris评分,术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后并发症发生率、术后住院时间、住院费用及患者的满意度等情况。结果ERAS组术中平均出血量为(203.88±54.92)ml,对照组为(386.75±131.82)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERAS组术后并发症发生率为5.00%(2/40),对照组为35.00%(14/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERAS组术后疼痛VAS评分下降趋势较对照组显著(P<0.05),而ERAS组术后髋关节Harris评分上升趋势较对照组显著(P<0.05)。ERAS组术后住院时间短于对照组,住院费用低于对照组,满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在ERAS理念指导下老年患者行全髋关节置换术后髋关节功能恢复更快、更好,院外指导的完善可降低患者再入院率。