实习护生护患沟通能力培养的研究进展

护患沟通能力是护生在实习过程中必须掌握的基本技能之一。从实习护生沟通能力测评工具、沟通能力现状、沟通能力影响因素、沟通能力培养实践等方面阐述实习护生护患沟通能力培养的现状,讨论在临床实习过程中如何提高护生的护患沟通水平。     

Conversations between persons with dementia disease living in nursing homes and nurses – qualitative evaluation of an intervention with the validation method

Living with dementia disease (DD) can include difficulties describing experiences of everyday lives, which can lead to withdrawal, social isolation or existential homelessness. Persons with DD living in nursing homes are mainly dependent on the nurses for establishing and maintaining relationships with those around them. It can be challenging for nurses to understand what a person with DD is trying to express and to make themselves understood in turn. The validation method is intended to facilitate communication with persons with DD, but to our knowledge, there have been no qualitative studies of how this influences persons' communication. This study aimed to illuminate the actions and reactions of persons with DD living in nursing homes in one‐to‐one conversations with nurses during 1 year of validation method training, as observed in videotapes. Four persons with DD were involved in videotaped conversations with four nurses who were participating in a validation method training programme. Videotapes with at least 5 months between the first and last recording were analysed and compared qualitatively. The findings are presented in four categories that were identified to various degrees in conversations at the beginning and at the end of the programme: being uninterested in or unable to answer questions, talking about more than one topic of conversation at the same time, trying to talk about what is on one's mind and speaking more freely about what is on one's mind. In the videotaped conversations at the end of the programme, the persons had the opportunity to use their remaining communication abilities. This may have been related to the development of the nurses' communication skills during the training programme, and so it is possible that persons with DD could benefit from communicating with nurses trained in the validation method.     

临床实习护生人际沟通能力调查分析

目的：调查临床实习护生人际沟通能力现状,为护理教育教学改革提供参考依据。方法：应用沟通动机量表、沟通知识量表、沟通技能量表和人际沟通满意度量表对新乡地区三级综合医院临床实习护生240人进行问卷调查。结果：临床实习护生人际沟通能力整体水平一般,其中沟通技巧得分相对较高,其次是沟通知识和沟通动机,沟通满意度得分最低。结论：应根据护生人际沟通能力现状及其影响因素,进行有针对性的教学改革,提高护生沟通能力。     

The non-verbal communication skills of nursing students: Analysis of interpersonal behavior using videotaped recordings in a 5-minute interaction with a simulated patient

Aim: The aim of this paper was to study the non‐verbal communication skills of nursing students and to make a quantitative comparison of the communication techniques of nursing students and experienced nurses to provide guidance for education. Methods: Twenty‐six students (the student group) and 13 nurses (the nurse group) played the role of a nurse. The participants interacted with two simulated patients for 5 min each. The simulated patient was in a sitting position and the nurse started interaction from a starting point that was 3 m away from the patient. Videotaped recordings of these scenarios were recorded and analysed every second using record paper. The analysis items were the distance between the patient and the nurse, posture and position, utterance time, the direction of a nursing person’s face to the patient, facial expression, head nodding, gestures, and the self‐contact behavior of a nurse during interaction with a patient. Results: As 90% of the student group interacted in the standing position, significantly fewer students than the nurse group had their gaze level at the same level or lower than the client. The duration of upper limb and hand gestures was significantly shorter in the student group than for the nurse group. Conclusions: The finding that nursing students showed fewer non‐verbal communication behaviors than nurses suggests there is a pressing need for the development of an educational program in nursing science training to improve non‐verbal communications skills.     

培养护理本科生沟通能力的实践与体会

依据全球医学教育标准和美国护理核心能力教学模式要求,结合我国临床护理沟通现状,培养适应国际标准和国内临床需要、具有沟通能力的护理本科生。包括:①实施情境教学;②实施角色扮演训练;③实施典型案例分析训练;④增设护患沟通实习内容。培养了护生的爱心、耐心、自信心和交往能力,有效地提高了护生的整体素质。     

护理实习生人际交往效能感与护患沟通能力的相关性研究

目的：探讨护理实习生人际交往效能感与护患沟通能力现状及二者的相关关系。方法：采用方便抽样法对248名护理实习生进行问卷调查。结果：护理实习生人际交往效能感总分为（148.62±16.36）分,得分率为68.81%,呈中等水平;护患沟通能力总分为（173.84±18.48）分,得分率为82.78%;护理实习生人际交往效能感与护患沟通能力呈正相关（r=0.471,P〈0.01）。结论：教育者应重视护生人际交往效能感的培养,以有效提高其临床护患沟通能力。     

提高护士沟通技巧的培训方法与效果

目的提高护士与病人的沟通能力，优化护理服务质量。方法采用理论学习和情景模拟表演的形式，培训护士与病人的沟通技巧，培训后由护理部对护士进行模拟考核。结果培训后护士沟通能力得到了提高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论增强了护士与病人之间的沟通能力，提高了临床护理质量，对护患关系起到积极的促进作用。     

Perceptions of supportive communication in Chinese patients with cancer: experiences and expectations

AIM: This paper reports the findings of a study exploring the experiences and expectations of patients with cancer of supportive communication in the context of Chinese culture. BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer experience psychological distress, particularly in the initial period after diagnosis. Supportive communication can positively affect their psychological adjustment. Previous studies have reported the functions, contents, types and sources of informational support for patients with cancer in Western studies, but patients from different cultural backgrounds who have cancer might have different preferences in seeking support. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a convenience sample of 20 Chinese patients with cancer during 2002. Content analysis was used to identify themes within the data. FINDINGS: Chinese patients with cancer have a substantial need to receive informational and emotional support during the period of their hospitalization. Their support networks include doctors, nurses, family members, relatives and fellow patients. The expectations of support from different sources varied according to the nature of the relationship between patients with cancer and providers of support. Patients were active in seeking information and they perceived communication with doctors, nurses and fellow patients as beneficial. Most would only express emotional needs to their close family members and did not expect healthcare professionals to provide emotional support. However, interviewees perceived the caring behaviours of nurses and the emotional support of fellow patients as two important sources of support. CONCLUSION: For Chinese patients, coping with illness and misfortune is largely a private and family affair, and most of them did not expect nurses to meet their emotional needs. Nurses should be aware of the type, timing and source of supportive communication that Chinese patients find valuable. This will help them to provide the appropriate support to meet patients' needs.     

Impact of experiential dementia care learning on knowledge,skills and attitudes of nursing students: A systematic literature review

AimThe aim of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on the effect of clinical experiential learning approaches on pre-licensure nursing students' competence in dementia care and to identify associated challenges.BackgroundAs the prevalence of dementia increases, nurse educators must proactively prepare pre-licensure nursing students to care for people living with dementia. The limited number of physical clinical learning settings, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, has caused many nursing programs to use alternative experiential learning approaches.DesignSystematic Literature ReviewMethodsIn accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search for the literature in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE and ProQuest for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2021. Using the Boolean operator search approach, the keyword "dementia care" was combined with "AND/OR" and other search terms. In addition, a descendent and an ascendent search were conducted to find other relevant studies.ResultsA total of 17 retrieved articles met the inclusion criteria. Five themes emerged, with the main findings being that face-to-face (in person), virtual and simulated experiential learning approaches increased pre-licensure nursing students' dementia care knowledge. However, the face-to-face experiential learning approach that provides physical contact with people living with dementia and clinical staff had more impact on their skills and attitudes.ConclusionThe evidence in this review could inform curriculum development, teaching methods, experiential learning experiences and clinical placements of pre-licensure nursing students with regards to dementia care. More research is needed to explore further the impact of virtual and simulated experiential learning approaches on pre-licensure nursing students' dementia care skills.Tweetable abstractThis systematic literature review synthesizes evidence of clinical experiential learning on prelicensure nursing students' competence in dementia care per PRISMA guidelines. Five themes emerged #dementia #experientiallearning #prelicensurenursingstudents #clinicalsducation