常见慢性疾病与新型冠状病毒肺炎患者重症化风险的系统评价及荟萃分析

目的:探讨合并各种常见慢性疾病与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者重症化风险的相关性。方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane等外文数据库,中国知网数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等中文数据库,以及3个预印文本网站(medRxiv、SSRN和ChinaXiv)中2020年1月24日至3月5日发表的有关重症、非重症COVID-19患者合并慢性疾病的临床和流行病学研究。分析COVID-19患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、糖尿病、高血压、恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、慢性肾脏病和慢性肝脏疾病的患病率,并计算重症患者、非重症患者常见慢性疾病患病率的比值比(odds ratio,OR)和95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)。采用R 3.6.3软件进行荟萃分析。结果:从2455篇相关文献中筛选纳入19篇文献,共计4792例患者进行分析。COVID-19患者中男性占55.0%(95%CI 40.0%~80.0%),合并慢性疾病的总体患病率为30.4%(95%CI 24.0%~37.0%)。其中最常见的是高血压[16.9%(95%CI 14.0%~20.0%)],其次是糖尿病[8.3%(95%CI 8.0%~9.0%)]。重症COVID-19患者中男性的比例高于非重症患者(64.4%比52.8%,OR=1.49,95%CI 1.08~2.05,Z=4.63,P<0.01)。重症患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、脑血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性肾脏病、高血压、心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤的患病率分别是非重症患者的5.77倍(95%CI 3.80~8.74)、4.47倍(95%CI 2.71~7.38)、3.55倍(95%CI 2.86~4.40)、3.05倍(95%CI 1.76~5.28)、2.82倍(95%CI 1.96~3.97)、2.39倍(95%CI 1.77~3.23)、2.15倍(95%CI 1.27~3.66),两组间差异均有统计学意义(Z=8.37、6.01、11.60、4.20、5.46、5.71、3.12,均P<0.01)。重症患者慢性肝脏疾病的患病率与非重症患者相比差异无统计学意义(OR=1.35,95%CI 0.84~2.17,P=0.11)。结论:伴有慢性疾病的COVID-19患者重症化风险较高,由高到低依次为慢性阻塞性肺疾病、脑血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性肾脏病、高血压、心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤。     

Predictive model for the development of critical coronavirus disease 2019 and its risk factors among patients in Japan

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine risk factors associated with critical coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and to establish a risk predictive model for Japanese patients.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed adult Japanese patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan between February 1, 2020 and March 10, 2021. The patients were divided into critical and non-critical groups based on their condition during the clinical courses. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics and critical illness. Based on the results, we established a predictive model for the development of critical COVID-19.ResultsIn total, 300 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 86 were included in the critical group. Analyses revealed that age ≥65 y, hemodialysis, need for O₂ supplementation upon diagnosis, and an initial serum C-reactive protein level of ≥6.5 mg/dL were independently associated with the development of critical COVID-19. Next, a predictive model for the development of critical COVID-19 was created, and this included the following variables: age ≥65 y, male sex, diabetes, hemodialysis, need for O₂ supplementation upon diagnosis, and an initial serum C-reactive protein level of ≥6.5 mg/dL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.90). Using a cutoff score of 12, the positive and negative predictive values of 74.0% and 80.4% were obtained, respectively.ConclusionsUpon diagnosis, the predictive model can be used to identify adult Japanese patients with COVID-19 who will require intensive treatment.     

Lifestyle changes and their impact on glycemic control and weight control in patients with diabetes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan

Aims/IntroductionThis study aimed to reveal lifestyle changes and their impact on glycemic control and weight control in patients with diabetes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Japan.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1,402 outpatients with diabetes at a clinic in Osaka, Japan, who responded to an interview sheet regarding lifestyle changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic between 28 March and 30 May 2020. The association of lifestyle changes with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and weight changes from February to May 2020 was investigated using the linear regression model. We also investigated the association with clinically important change of HbA1c (by ≥0.3%) and bodyweight (by ≥3%), using the cumulative link model.ResultsLeisure time and other outside physical activities were decreased in one‐quarter of patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic, whereas the amount of meals and snacks was decreased and increased in approximately 10%, respectively. The change in leisure time physical activities was inversely associated with HbA1c and weight changes, whereas the quantitative change of meals with the decline in eating out and that of snacks were positively associated with HbA1c and weight changes (all P < 0.05). The quantitative change of meals without the decline in eating out was also positively associated with weight change (P = 0.012). The cumulative link model for clinically important HbA1c and weight change showed broadly similar associations, except for that between snacks and bodyweight (P = 0.15).ConclusionsA considerable number of outpatients with diabetes experienced lifestyle changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The lifestyle changes were associated with HbA1c and weight changes.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎合并肝损伤的发生机制

新型冠状病毒肺炎已对全球公共卫生造成了重大威胁。除呼吸系统外,部分患者可出现不同程度的肝损伤。基于相关文献,对病原学特征及其致病机制进行分析,初步探讨导致新型冠状病毒肺炎合并肝损伤出现的原因可能有病毒的直接作用、炎性细胞因子风暴、药物性肝损伤、低氧性肝损伤及免疫功能障碍等。建议临床可选择合理药物进行护肝治疗,减少肝损伤的发生。     

CD4+T淋巴细胞和CD8+T淋巴细胞对新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床分型及其预后的价值

目的探讨CD4⁺T淋巴细胞和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的临床分型及其预后的价值。方法纳入2020年1月至3月上海市(复旦大学附属)公共卫生临床中心收治的95例COVID-19患者,比较普通型、重型、危重型患者及临床转归为治愈、好转、未愈、死亡患者的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数。采用受试者操作特征曲线下面积评估CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数对COVID-19临床分型及预后的价值。组间比较采用曼-惠特尼U检验。结果95例COVID-19患者中,普通型68例,重型11例,危重型16例。治疗前普通型、重型和危重型患者的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数分别为419(309,612)、267(212,540)和141(77,201)/μL,CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数分别为238(153,375)、128(96,172)和92(51,144)/μL,差异均有统计学意义(Z=24.322、15.956,均P<0.01)。死亡、未愈、好转和治愈病例的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数分别为149(143,349)、315(116,414)、344(294,426)和745(611,966)/μL,CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数分别为106(43,501)、176(67,279)、194(188,432)和429(276,564)/μL,差异均有统计学意义(Z=36.083、16.658,均P<0.01)。评估危重型患者的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数最佳临界值为237/μL,曲线下面积为0.911[95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI) 0.833~0.989,P<0.01],灵敏度和特异度分别为86.1%和87.5%;评估(危)重型患者治疗有效性的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数最佳临界值为405/μL,曲线下面积为0.863(95%CI 0.727~0.999,P=0.001),灵敏度和特异度分别为78.6%和74.6%。结论COVID-19的病情可能随CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数减少呈加重趋势,CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数可用作COVID-19临床分型诊断和评估(危)重型病例预后的指标。     

Toujie Quwen granule used with conventional western therapy for coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an epidemic infectious disease resulted from 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Up till now, COVID-19 has swept globally. Currently, due to many high-profiled benefits, clinical studies on Toujie Quwen granule (TJQW) have been increasing. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of TJQW used with conventional western therapy for COVID-19.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in Chinese and English databases, and the search time is January 2020 to May 2021. English databases include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Chinese databases include CNKI, WF, VIP, and CBM. The international clinical trial registration platform and the Chinese clinical trial registration platform of controlled trials will be searched by us from January 2020 to May 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, screening literature, extraction data will be conducted by 2 researchers independently. Statistical analysis will be conducted using the RevMan 5.3.5 software. After screening the literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, The Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system will be used to evaluate the quality of each result.Results:This study will provide the evidence for TJQW to be used with conventional western therapy for COVID-19.Conclusion:The efficacy and safety of TJQW used with conventional western therapy for COVID-19 will be assessed.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202150038     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下内镜再处理对消毒效果的影响及不合格因素分析

目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情下内镜再处理对消毒效果的影响及分析灭菌不合格因素。方法:采用数字随机法选取重庆医科大学附属第二医院2019年11月—2020年1月按照《软式内镜清洗消毒技术规范》进行内镜清洗消毒的内镜450条作为对照组,2020年2—4...     

老年新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床特点

目的探讨老年新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床特点,为新型冠状病毒感染老年患者的诊治提供科学依据。方法纳入并收集2020年2月1—28日武汉同济医院中法新城分院B11东病区与光谷分院E1-3病区收治的102例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床资料(最后随访日期为2020年2月28日),根据年龄分为老年组(≥60岁)和中青年组(<60岁),回顾性分析两组患者的流行病学、人口学、主要临床表现、实验室检测指标、影像学特征的差异。结果102例确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎的患者中,老年组(≥60岁)58例,中位年龄67.0(63.8,71.0)岁;中青年组(<60岁)44例,中位年龄47.5(38.0,51.8)岁;两组性别构成比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.033,P=0.855)。在暴露史中,42.0%(21/50)患者回忆曾接触新型冠状病毒感染患者,14.0%(7/50)患者来自群聚发病,18.0%(9/50)患者来自可疑院内感染。发热与咳嗽仍为最常见的首发症状,消化道症状如恶心、纳差、腹泻和肌肉疼痛等非呼吸道症状应警惕,老年男性患者乏力与咳嗽首发居多。双侧斑片状阴影(57.9%、22/38)和磨玻璃影(42.1%、16/38)为主要影像学特点,42.1%(16/38)出现多部位累及。超过50%的患者出现血糖、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、多项细胞因子水平及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比升高,白蛋白、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、淋巴细胞、血钙水平降低。老年组与中青年组比较,D-二聚体、血钙浓度异常比例差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.067、4.166,P=0.008、0.041)。结论老年患者总体以发热与咳嗽为最常见首发症状,老年患者临床实验室化验值多项异常,与中青年患者相比有一定的特殊性。     

Impact of the first announced state of emergency owing to coronavirus disease 2019 on stress and blood pressure levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan

Aims/IntroductionAfter the first coronavirus disease 2019 state of emergency announcement, there was an increase in stress that might have affected the self‐management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study identified the changes in clinical findings and stress among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and investigated the characteristics of patients who experienced an increase in blood pressure (BP) after the announcement.Materials and MethodsRetrospectively, we scrutinized 310 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated by the Sagamihara Physicians Association. After the announcement, 164 and 146 patients showed an increase (ΔBP >0 group) and decrease in BP (ΔBP ≤0 group), respectively. The propensity score matching method was used to compare the differences in clinical findings and stress‐related questionnaire responses between the two groups.ResultsAfter the announcement, 47% of patients experienced an increase in daily stress. Furthermore, 17% and 36% reported worsening dietary intake and a decrease in exercise, respectively. More patients reported that their dietary and salt intake had worsened in the ΔBP >0 group than in the ΔBP ≤0 group (9% vs 20%, P = 0.02, and 3% vs 10%, P = 0.04, respectively). Additionally, both systolic and diastolic BP measured in the office were significantly increased (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively); however, systolic BP measured at home significantly decreased (P = 0.01). The total stress scores were higher in the ΔBP >0 group than in the ΔBP ≤0 group (0.05 ± 2.61 and 0.93 ± 2.70, respectively, P = 0.03).ConclusionsAn increase in stress and, particularly, worsening dietary and salt intake were noted among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who experienced an increase in BP after the state of emergency announcement.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡患者80例的临床特征分析

目的:分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)死亡病例的临床特征和死亡原因,为降低患者病死率提供借鉴。方法:对2020年1月11日至2月11日武汉大学人民医院收治的80例COVID-19死亡患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。并对患者入院后第1次与死亡前最后一次的白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、降钙素原、乳酸、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白降解产物、N末端脑钠肽前体、超敏肌钙蛋白I、乳酸脱氢酶、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数进行比较。统计学分析采用配对t检验或威尔科克森符号秩检验。结果:80例死亡患者的中位年龄为72岁,年龄≥60岁者占78.75%(63/80)。入院时重型患者36例(45.00%),危重型44例(55.00%);58例(72.50%)合并有基础疾病,主要为高血压、糖尿病、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等。患者入院后第1次与死亡前最后一次实验室检查结果比较,白细胞计数升高[8.01(4.86,12.29)×109/L比12.55(8.25,17.66)×109/L],淋巴细胞计数降低[0.70(0.46,0.88)×109/L比0.54(0.39,0.75)×109/L],降钙素原升高[0.20(0.11,0.74)μg/L比1.00(0.20,1.99)μg/L],乳酸水平升高[2.10(1.40,3.10)mmol/L比3.10(2.60,4.10)mmol/L],D-二聚体升高[4.33(0.97,18.98)mg/L比15.29(5.17,53.44)mg/L],纤维蛋白降解产物升高[15.90(3.58,76.60)mg/L比63.14(21.23,110.67)mg/L],N末端脑钠肽前体升高[1078.00(347.35,2996.50)ng/L比3439.50(1576.00,9281.50)ng/L],超敏肌钙蛋白I升高[0.08(0.03,0.17)μg/L比0.33(0.14,2.47)μg/L],乳酸脱氢酶升高[397.00(327.00,523.50)U/L比624.00(481.00,854.00)U/L],CD4+T淋巴细胞计数降低[137.00(104.00,168.00)/μL比97.00(67.00,128.00)/μL];差异均有统计学意义(W=238.00、1053.50、150.00、152.00、192.00、190.00、108.00、57.00、53.00、40.00,均P<0.05)。80例患者均接受了抗病毒治疗和呼吸支持等综合治疗,然而病情迅速恶化,入院后1 d内死亡7例,7 d内死亡66例,主要死亡原因是顽固性低氧血症引起的呼吸衰竭及其不可逆的多器官功能衰竭。结论:合并有慢性基础疾病的老年COVID-19患者的预后较差,在病程早期加以重视并予对症治疗,对改善其预后至关重要。     

Prevalence and risk factors for postinfectious cough in discharged patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

BackgroundCough is one of the most common symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the prevalence of persistent cough in recovered patients with COVID-19 during a longer follow-up remained unknown. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, and risk factors for postinfectious cough in COVID-19 patients after discharge.MethodsWe conducted a follow-up study for 129 discharged patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in two large hospitals located in Hubei Province, China from January 2020 to December 2020. Baseline demographics, comorbidities and smoking history were extracted from the medical record. Current symptoms and severity were recorded by a uniform questionnaire. Spirometry, diffuse function and chest computed tomography (CT) were performed on part of patients who were able to return to the outpatient department at follow-up.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) follow-up time was 8.1 (7.9–8.5) months after discharge. The mean (standard deviation) age was 51.5 (14.9) years and 57 (44.2%) were male. A total of 27 (20.9%) patients had postinfectious cough (>3 weeks), 6 patients (4.7%) had persistent cough by the end of follow-up, including 3 patients with previous chronic respiratory diseases or current smoking. Other symptoms included dyspnea (6, 4.7%), sputum (4, 3.1%), fatigue (4, 3.1%), and anorexia (4, 3.1%) by the end of follow-up. Thirty-six of 41 (87.8%) patients showed impaired lung function or diffuse function, and 39 of 50 (78.0%) patients showed abnormal CT imaging. Patients with postinfectious cough demonstrated more severe and more frequent cough during hospitalization (P<0.001), and more chronic respiratory diseases (P=0.01). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, digestive symptoms during hospitalization [odds ratio (OR) 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–7.92] and current smoking (OR 6.95, 95% CI: 1.46–33.14) were significantly associated with postinfectious cough of COVID-19.ConclusionsA small part of patients developed postinfectious cough after recovery from COVID-19, few patients developed chronic cough in spite of a higher proportion of impaired lung function and abnormal lung CT image. Current smoking and digestive symptoms during hospitalization were risk factors for postinfectious cough in COVID-19.     

他汀类药物仍是心血管病患者合并新型冠状病毒病的一线用药

他汀类药物是心血管病患者药物治疗的基石,除降低胆固醇外,还有改善内皮功能、抑制炎症反应、抗氧化应激及血栓形成等多种作用。这些降脂以外的作用使得他汀类药物在呼吸系统疾病的治疗中也有一定的作用。在新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）流行期间,心血管病患者易感染新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）,SARS-CoV-2与肺泡上皮细胞血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）结合,导致ACE/AngII/AT1R通路活性增强,促进肺部炎症、肺血管平滑肌细胞增生、肺组织纤维性,引起肺动脉高压,严重导致急性心肺功能衰竭,增加心血管病患者病死率。鉴于他汀类药物对心肺功能的保护作用,本文通过文献分析,阐释他汀类药物在心血管及呼吸系统中的获益,探讨疫情期间合并COVID-19的心血管病患者如何合理使用他汀类药物。     

新型冠状病毒与脑血管病的关系

自2019年12月起,2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19,又称新型冠状病毒肺炎)首先在武汉被发现,随后该病迅速蔓延至全国乃至其他国家。该病具有传播广、死亡及重症率高的特点,影响深远,引起国内外的广泛重视。而脑血管病同样为我国人群主要的慢性疾病,每年也可造成一定的死亡及致残风险。COVID-19的发病机制与脑血管病的危险因素以及脑血管病本身都有很密切的关系,易合并存在,引发院内感染。笔者根据COVID-19现有的资料结合以往相关疾病的临床经验对新型冠状病毒与脑血管疾病的关系做一归纳,以求更好地指导临床个体化诊疗。     

250例新型冠状病毒肺炎高分辨率CT特征分析

目的对250例新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现特征进行分析总结,以期提高对COVID-19的HRCT精准诊断水平。方法采取整群抽取法抽取2020年1月1日至2月20日期间武汉市肺科医院收治的COVID-19疑似患者492例,对其中250例核酸检测阳性的确诊患者,回顾分析其HRCT的病灶形态特征性表现。250例患者中,男169例(67.6%),女81例(32.4%);年龄21~83岁,中位年龄51岁。临床症状中,发热患者229例,其中中低热型患者210例(84.0%);出现呼吸道症状者195例(78.0%);无临床症状但是有与患者密切接触史而体检发现肺部异常者38例(15.2%)。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计学分析,采用描述性统计方法,计数资料采用"率或构成比(%)"表示。结果 (1)患者性别与年龄特点:男169例(67.6%),女81例(32.4%),男性高于女性35.2个百分点。在21~83岁患者的不同年龄组中,21~岁年龄组6例(2.4%,最低值):50~岁年龄组89例(35.6%,最高值)。(2)临床表现特点:低热患者(210例,84.0%)与发生呼吸道症状者较多(195例,78.0%),密切接触者无症状体检发现肺部异常者38例(15.2%)。250例核酸检测阳性而最后得到确诊的患者中,HRCT首诊诊断为COVID-19者221例(84.4%)。(3)HRCT表现特征:表现为多发肺磨玻璃样密度影(ground-glass opacity,GGO)者195例(78.0%);多发片状影者36例(14.4%);弥漫间质性浸润影者27例(10.8%);多发大片状实变影者20例(8.0%);出现病灶中血管束增多影者207例(82.8%);病灶发生于两肺下叶外带及胸膜下者207例(82.8%);动态观察中,间隔3d短期复查病灶呈爆炸性方式增多者221例(88.4%)。结论掌握上述COVID-19典型的HRCT表现特征后,将大大提高COVID-19的CT诊断准确率,从而大幅度提高COVID-19的临床综合诊断水平。     

对比分析18例重症/危重症新型冠状病毒肺炎心肌损伤患者临床特征

目的回顾性分析伴心肌损伤的重症/危重症新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者临床特征及心肌酶学指标动态变化。方法纳入2020年1月17至3月1日中山大学附属第五医院收治的18例重症/危重症COVID-19患者。依据住院期间心肌酶或肌钙蛋白I检测值,正常范围患者归为非心肌损伤组(n=13),异常升高患者归为心肌损伤组(n=5)。对比分析两组患者入院后的流行病学和临床资料,并分析血常规、肝肾功能、心肌酶、C反应蛋白(CRP)等实验室指标,动态分析肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶MB、N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)和肌钙蛋白I变化情况。结果18例重症/危重症患者中,心肌损伤患者占27.8%(5/18)。与非心肌损伤组患者比较,心肌损伤组患者年龄、性别、基础疾病、症状和体征、发病至住院时间、体温、心率、舒张压、住院时间无明显差异,但心肌损伤组患者入院时收缩压明显高于非心肌损伤组(P=0.0171)。两组患者入院时白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数无明显差异;入院时谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶MB、血肌酐、CRP、N端脑钠肽前体两组患者中也未见明显差异。动态分析发现心肌损伤组重症患者在住院第4~5天左右,肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、N端脑钠肽前体逐渐出现升高,在第9~11天后逐渐恢复正常。结论重症/危重症COVID-19患者收缩压较高可能与容易出现心肌损伤相关,心肌酶谱异常出现在住院的早期,早期发现和干预治疗对心肌损伤患者有益。     

Safety of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in 213 adult patients with sickle cell disease

Given the lack of information about safety of the COVID-19 vaccines for sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, we sought to determine whether COVID-19 vaccine was associated with subsequent hospital admission for vaso-occlusive events (VOEs). We included 402 patients with SCD, including 88 regularly transfused. As of July 31, 2021, 213 (53.0%) of them had received a least one dose of COVID vaccine (Pfizer 93.0%). We showed similar risk of hospital admission for a VOE among vaccinated patients (whether transfused or not) and among a control group of non-vaccinated patients matched for age, sex and genotype.     

Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 on patients with toothache: Analysis of tweets on Weibo

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on toothache patients through posts on Sina Weibo.Methods:Using Gooseeker, we searched and screened 24,108 posts about toothache on Weibo during the dental clinical closure period of China (February 1, 2020–February 29, 2020), and then divided them into 4 categories (causes of toothache, treatments of toothache, impacts of COVID-19 on toothache treatment, popular science articles of toothache), including 10 subcategories, to analyze the proportion of posts in each category.Results:There were 12,603 postings closely related to toothache. Among them, 87.6% of posts did not indicate a specific cause of pain, and 92.8% of posts did not clearly indicate a specific method of treatment. There were 38.9% of the posts that clearly showed that their dental treatment of toothache was affected by COVID-19, including 10.5% of the posts in which patients were afraid to see the dentists because of COVID-19, and 28.4% of the posts in which patients were unable to see the dentists because the dental clinic was closed. Only 3.5% of all posts were about popular science of toothache.Conclusions:We have studied and analyzed social media data about toothache during the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide some insights for government organizations, the media and dentists to better guide the public to pay attention to oral health through social media. Research on social media data can help formulate public health policies.     

应对新型冠状病毒肺炎,我们能从SARS中得到哪些借鉴

目前对于新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称:新冠肺炎)的病程机制和治疗方法的选择等方面仍有许多未知之处。由于2019-nCoV和SARS-CoV之间的高度相似性,从严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)中获得的一些知识经验,尤其是患者肺部病毒复制和免疫应答的时间规律和病程的演变特征,或许能对我们深入了解和应对新冠肺炎提供重要的借鉴。     

氯喹药理特点及用于新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗的建议

2019年底,我国湖北省武汉市出现了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情,随后在全国扩散并成为全球大流行。由于尚无针对新型冠状病毒的特效治疗药物和疫苗,我国新型冠状病毒感染救治临床专家团队在救治新型冠状病毒感染患者的同时,积极研究和筛选有效抗病毒治疗药物,发现一种古老的抗疟药--氯喹有一定抗新型冠状病毒效果,随后纳入我国新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案。目前,临床应用的是氯喹衍生物磷酸氯喹和硫酸羟氯喹,这两种药物虽药理机制相近,但其治疗对象、疗效和不良反应均存在一定差异。本文拟通过对氯喹类药物已有研究和在疟疾临床治疗中的经验总结,为我国临床专家更科学合理地使用氯喹类药物进行新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗提供参考。