化脓性脊椎炎的诊治体会(附20例报告)

目的探讨化脓性脊椎炎的临床诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析自2011-04—2015-07诊治的20例化脓性脊椎炎。14例行后路病灶清除后,椎间隙植入自体碎骨粒或部分同种异体骨,再行椎弓根钉内固定。6例前后联合入路者,先俯卧位行后路椎管内病灶清除减压椎弓根钉内固定,再行前路椎体及椎间隙病灶清除,取髂骨块植骨或自体骨粒填充cage行椎体间的支撑融合。结果 20例切口均一期愈合。术后患者局部疼痛均不同程度缓解,体温逐步恢复正常,术后复查实验室检查指标均下降至正常。20例中12例细菌培养的结果为阴性,8例为金黄色葡萄球菌。14例术前合并脊髓神经损伤者神经功能均得到不同程度恢复:1例C级恢复至D级,3例C级恢复至E级;6例D级均恢复至E级;10例E级均未有神经症状加重。本组术后随访10~36个月,平均20个月,均无复发。术后3个月复查X线片提示植骨节段均达到骨性融合标准,内固定物位置正常、可靠。结论化脓性脊椎炎的早期诊断依据病史、症状、体征、影像检查(特别是MRI)及穿刺活检,在炎症得到控制的前提下积极行病灶彻底清除、椎管内有累及者行减压、椎间植骨或cage置入并椎弓根钉内固定术,效果满意。     

Spinal tuberculosis: a review

Spinal tuberculosis is a destructive form of tuberculosis. It accounts for approximately half of all cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Spinal tuberculosis is more common in children and young adults. The incidence of spinal tuberculosis is increasing in developed nations. Genetic susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis has recently been demonstrated. Characteristically, there is destruction of the intervertebral disk space and the adjacent vertebral bodies, collapse of the spinal elements, and anterior wedging leading to kyphosis and gibbus formation. The thoracic region of vertebral column is most frequently affected. Formation of a 'cold' abscess around the lesion is another characteristic feature. The incidence of multi-level noncontiguous vertebral tuberculosis occurs more frequently than previously recognized. Common clinical manifestations include constitutional symptoms, back pain, spinal tenderness, paraplegia, and spinal deformities. For the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive imaging technique than x-ray and more specific than computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging frequently demonstrates involvement of the vertebral bodies on either side of the disk, disk destruction, cold abscess, vertebral collapse, and presence of vertebral column deformities. Neuroimaging-guided needle biopsy from the affected site in the center of the vertebral body is the gold standard technique for early histopathological diagnosis. Antituberculous treatment remains the cornerstone of treatment. Surgery may be required in selected cases, e.g. large abscess formation, severe kyphosis, an evolving neurological deficit, or lack of response to medical treatment. With early diagnosis and early treatment, prognosis is generally good.     

Spinal tuberculosis: A review

Abstract

Spinal tuberculosis is a destructive form of tuberculosis. It accounts for approximately half of all cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Spinal tuberculosis is more common in children and young adults. The incidence of spinal tuberculosis is increasing in developed nations. Genetic susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis has recently been demonstrated. Characteristically, there is destruction of the intervertebral disk space and the adjacent vertebral bodies, collapse of the spinal elements, and anterior wedging leading to kyphosis and gibbus formation. The thoracic region of vertebral column is most frequently affected. Formation of a ‘cold’ abscess around the lesion is another characteristic feature. The incidence of multi-level noncontiguous vertebral tuberculosis occurs more frequently than previously recognized. Common clinical manifestations include constitutional symptoms, back pain, spinal tenderness, paraplegia, and spinal deformities. For the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive imaging technique than x-ray and more specific than computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging frequently demonstrates involvement of the vertebral bodies on either side of the disk, disk destruction, cold abscess, vertebral collapse, and presence of vertebral column deformities. Neuroimaging-guided needle biopsy from the affected site in the center of the vertebral body is the gold standard technique for early histopathological diagnosis. Antituberculous treatment remains the cornerstone of treatment. Surgery may be required in selected cases, e.g. large abscess formation, severe kyphosis, an evolving neurological deficit, or lack of response to medical treatment. With early diagnosis and early treatment, prognosis is generally good.     

螺旋CT对脊椎结核的诊断价值

目的分析总结脊柱结核的CT影像表现。方法分析经手术病理、穿刺活检及临床证实的脊柱结核31例的多层螺旋CT表现。结果椎骨的溶骨性、虫蚀样、斑片状碎骨片样的骨质破坏部分伴有硬化,椎旁软组织中见砂粒状钙化寒性脓肿的形成,椎间隙变窄,累及椎管,韧带下型等是脊柱结核的常见影像学表现。结论脊柱结核CT诊断优于X平片,可直观显示椎旁脓肿及椎间盘等改变。脊椎骨质破坏形态多样,但仍有其典型CT影像特征,须与脊柱其他病变鉴别诊断。     

单椎体结核

目的探讨单椎体结核的诊断及鉴别诊断特点。方法回顾分析了13例单椎体结核患者临床特点,并与96例多椎体结核及7例伴椎间盘破坏的单椎体结核患者进行对比。结果与多椎体结核相比,单椎体结核病史更短P<0.01,血沉值更低P<0.05。与伴椎间盘破坏的单椎体结核相比,单椎体结核X线硬化更多见,压缩更少见。CT及MRI显示单椎体结核椎弓正常。MRI显示结核病变在T1加权为低信号,T2加权为高信号;脓肿在T2加权为高信号,而强化后则为低信号。结论单椎体结核为脊柱结核的早期形式;脊柱结核后椎间盘是否破坏与病程有关;椎弓情况及脓肿有助于单椎体结核与恶性肿瘤的鉴别。     

不典型脊柱结核的临床特点与诊疗体会

目的 探讨不典型脊柱结核的临床特点与诊断方法。方法 回顾性分析18例不典型脊柱结核的临床表现和辅助检查资料,15例均行前路病灶清除及植骨融合术,3例行后路椎管探查、减压、椎间盘髓核摘除术后迁延不愈,再次经前路彻底切除椎间盘、终板和病变骨质,并行椎弓根内固定及椎板植骨。结果 18例患者术后均获随访,时间12-28个月,疼痛症状均明显缓解或消失,神经功能也明显恢复。不全瘫痪的11例Frankel分级：术前A级的1例恢复为E级;术前B级者,1例恢复至D级、1例恢复至E级;术前C级者,2例恢复至D级、1例恢复至E级;术前D级的5例均恢复至E级。X线复查片示骨结核病灶已痊愈,植骨融合良好。结论 对有伴随症状的椎体破坏,应将脊柱结核作为主要的鉴别诊断,不能片面强调或突出某一方面征象。在病检未确诊以前,术前术后都应坚持抗结核治疗。     

患椎间手术治疗非连续性多椎体脊柱结核

目的：探讨经患椎间手术治疗非连续性多椎体脊柱结核的临床疗效。方法2000年1月～2008年1月手术治疗非连续性多椎体脊柱结核患者38例。38例共发生病变88处,平均每例2．3处;共累及190个椎体,平均每处2．1个椎体。病变相隔1个正常椎间者12例、相隔≥2个椎间者26例。术前有神经功能损害者15例。常规术前抗结核2～4周后手术,后路矫形、固定、前路病灶清除并植骨26例;前路病灶清除、矫形、植骨融合、器械内固定12例。结果38例均获随访,平均随访6年。术后后凸Cobb角为8．7°±6．1°,矫正率为71．3％;末次随访丢失率为7．8％。34例至术后平均4．9个月时血沉及C反应蛋白恢复正常。术后平均5．4个月植骨全部愈合。末次随访时神经功能Frankel分级均达到E级。。结论经患椎间彻底病灶清除、畸形矫正、植骨融合、器械内固定治疗非连续性多椎体脊柱结核是可行有效的。     

Imaging presentation highly manifested as tuberculosis in a case of spinal metastatic carcinoma

Usually the clinical manifestations between spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease) and metastasis are not characteristic. Nevertheless, their respective imaging presentations are typical and specific, which makes it relatively easier to attain a correct diagnosis. Imaging features of Pott's disease, in general, include narrowing of intervertebral disk space, collapse of vertebral bodies with eventual progression to kyphotic deformity, destruction of the anterior parts of adjacent vertebrae, formation of a large paravertebral abscess, and calcifications or sequestra within the paravertebral abscess. Spinal tuberculosis is usually endemic, especially in Eastern countries. However, the trend of cancer incidence is also increasing in modern society, which makes it difficult to diagnose spinal osseous lesions. This article presents a case of a 45-year-old man with a 9-month history of low back pain. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine supported the initial diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis. However, pathological examination on the excised specimen resulted in the diagnosis of spinal metastatic adenocarcinoma. We suggest that a definitive diagnosis of spinal metastasis or tuberculosis should not be based on imaging alone. Instead, more attention should be paid to atypical imaging presentations. In addition, biopsy is usually necessary for final diagnosis.     

Intervertebral focal surgery for the treatment of non-contiguous multifocal spinal tuberculosis

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of intervertebral focal surgery by complete debridement, deformity correction, graft fusion, and internal fixation for patients with non-contiguous multifocal spinal tuberculosis.

Methods

A total of 29 cases with non-contiguous multifocal spinal tuberculosis admitted to the hospital from January 2000 to January 2007 were treated by intervertebral focal surgery. There were 63 foci in 29 cases, averaging 2.2 foci per case, and 146 affected vertebral bodies, averaging 2.3 vertebral bodies per focus. Three cases had one normal intervertebral disc between two foci, and the other 26 cases had two or more normal intervertebral discs between two foci.

Results

All cases were followed-up for an average of five years. The kyphosis showed a mean correction rate of 67.7% after surgery. A mean loss rate of correction of 8.2% was observed at the final follow-up. The levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein returned to normal in 27 cases on average at 5.8 months and bone union could be observed at five months after surgery. Eleven cases with nerve damage recovered to E grade at the final follow-up.

Conclusions

Intervertebral focal surgery by complete debridement, deformity correction, graft fusion, and internal fixation for patients with non-contiguous multifocal spinal tuberculosis was feasible and effective.     

胸椎结核性与化脓性炎症的临床特点及疗效分析(附102例报告)

目的评价胸椎结核性与化脓性感染各自的临床特点及治疗效果,以资术前鉴别诊断及早期确立治疗方案。方法 2000年1月～2011年1月共收治胸椎感染性患者102例,男68例,女34例;平均年龄47.2岁。其中结核性脊柱炎85例,化脓性脊柱炎17例。回顾分析患者的一般资料、病变节段、Frankel分级、影像学特点、治疗方法、手术方式、手术时间、出血量、治疗效果、并发症和致病菌等临床资料,予以对比分析并随访总结。结果结核性与化脓性脊柱炎患者之间平均年龄、入院时血沉和性别比例的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;但起病时程、合并慢性疾病比例、合并神经症状比例、单节段与双节段病灶患者所占比例、椎旁脓肿比例以及术前发热比例的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。经平均6.9个月随访,除2例结核患者行二次手术外,其余患者疗效良好。有神经症状的患者术后Frankel分级均有改善。结论胸椎结核性与化脓性感染有各自的临床特点,术前可予以鉴别,以免延误治疗。依据细菌药敏试验应用抗生素是治疗的原则。在非手术治疗无效的情况下对具备手术指征的患者,尤其是存在神经损害的患者需要开展早期手术治疗,术后疗效确切,预后良好。     

非典型性脊柱结核影像学分型与表现形式

 目的 探讨成人非典型性脊柱结核的影像学分型与表现形式。方法 回顾性分析并总结2000年2月至2012年10月经病理确诊的45 例成人非典型性脊柱结核患者资料,男29例,女16例;年龄20~71岁,平均46.2岁;25例有潮热、乏力及消瘦表现,20例无明显全身结核中毒表现;37例红细胞沉降率为25~107 mm/1 h,8例正常。所有患者均摄脊柱X 线片,并行CT扫描及MR检查, 其中12例辅加脊柱螺旋CT三维重建,2例辅加PET-CT检查。45例患者均行外科手术治疗,其中3例术前行CT引导下病灶穿刺活检;均经病理检查证实为脊柱结核。结果 非典型性脊柱结核的影像学分型包括,单椎体型（9例）,MRI T2WI示单一椎体病灶呈不均匀高信号,CT扫描示老年人病变椎体以虫蚀样、溶骨性破坏为主,青年人病变椎体内呈单个均匀透光的圆形溶骨性骨质破坏区;单脊椎椎体附件型（2例）,MRI T2WI示椎体附件呈高信号改变,CT扫描示椎板及椎弓根呈虫蚀样骨质破坏;单脊椎全椎骨型（8例）,CT扫描示单脊椎的椎体及附件均呈虫蚀样广泛骨质破坏;椎间盘型结核（5例）,MRI示椎间盘信号减低,团状的椎盘组织突入椎管压迫脊髓;多发性相邻型脊柱结核（14例）,螺旋CT示多个相邻椎体虫蚀样骨质破坏;多发性非相邻型（跳跃型）脊柱结核（7例）,MRI示非相邻多个椎体在T2WI上呈现椎体骨质结构破坏的混杂信号,其中个别病例T2WI示高信号的椎旁脓肿通过流注方式波及多个非相邻椎体。结论 非典型性脊柱结核有多种影像学表现形式且极不典型,但虫蚀样骨质破坏、骨髓水肿、前和（或）后纵韧带高信号等影像学改变均为非典型性脊柱结核影像学的特征性表现。
     

非典型胸腰椎结核的临床诊断和手术治疗

目的:总结和分析非典型胸腰椎结核的临床诊断和手术治疗特点,为非典型脊柱结核的诊治提供参考。方法:回顾性分析我院骨科2013年12月~2018年12月明确诊断并手术治疗的脊柱结核患者资料,根据影像学特点筛选出非典型胸腰椎结核13例,男8例,女5例,年龄20~71岁(44.2±18.7岁)。2例以腹股沟区包块为首发表现,2例患者以发热和咳嗽首发症状,其余患者均以腰背痛首发症状。术前疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)为5~8分(6.2±0.8分)。神经功能Frankel分级C级1例,D级3例,E级9例。术前均行X线片、CT和MRI检查,影像学上未见明显椎间隙狭窄、后凸畸形,CT可见不同程度的椎体骨破坏或囊性变、边缘硬化灶、“磨玻璃”样改变,MRI表现为椎体破坏、炎症水肿和椎旁脓肿改变。4例行正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography-computer tomography,PET-CT)检查,10例行T细胞酶联免疫斑点试验(enzyme-linked immuno Spot,ELISPOT)检查均为阳性,4例术前行病灶活检。术前四联抗结核药物治疗至少1~2周,根据病灶位置及椎体破坏情况,7例行后路手术,6例行前后路联合手术。术后继续采用标准疗程抗结核药物治疗。结果:非典型胸腰椎结核患者占同期手术治疗脊柱结核的20.3%(13/64)。胸椎6例,腰椎5例,胸腰椎均累及2例。根据CT及MRI影像学分类,单脊椎型2例,椎间盘型1例,多脊椎连续型10例。手术时间130~260min(177.7±43.0min),出血量400~1000ml(638.5±198.1ml),无术中并发症。手术清除病灶组织均送病理检查,报告为肉芽肿性病变和/或凝固性坏死;结核菌涂片和培养各有1例阳性。术后伤口感染1例,经清创后好转。术后随访12~72个月(45.1±22.2个月),随访期间钛网移位1例,因无明显症状,未翻修,术后32个月随访无继续移位及内固定断裂;其余患者末次随访时均无内固定断裂。植骨在术后3~6时可见融合,随访期间无复发病例。术后疼痛及神经功能均有明显改善,末次随访时VAS评分1~4分(1.8±0.9分),神经功能Frankel分级末次随访均为E级。结论:非典型胸腰椎结核确诊需多种诊断手段相结合,手术结合抗结核药物治疗可取得较好的疗效。     

脊柱结核的早期诊断和治疗

目的探讨脊柱结核早期的临床表现和影像学特点。方法对19例脊柱结核患者行X线、CT和MRI检查，同时行PPD试验、血沉、胸片、胸部CT和ECT等检查。明确诊断后再进行正规抗结核治疗。结果脊柱结核早期患者全身结核毒性症状并不典型，患者均表现为不同程度的局部疼痛，其中8例患者曾被误诊。CT检查能清晰地显示椎体内较小的溶骨性、虫蚀状改变等骨质破坏灶及其内毛玻璃状高密度的死骨（19例），周围可伴有骨增生硬化带（10例），可伴有椎前软组织肿胀。MRI发现椎体骨炎（19例）及终板破坏，以及骨内小脓肿。早期椎间盘信号正常或高信号为主、椎间隙正常。结论脊柱结核早期患者常表现为局部疼痛，可不伴有典型的结核中毒症状。CT能显示早期微小的脊柱结核病变如骨质破坏、死骨等现象；MRI能清楚显示椎体骨炎、终板和（或）椎间盘的破坏和椎体内小灶骨脓肿。结合CT和MRI两者优点，可较早诊断脊柱结核；从而指导临床尽早进行抗结核治疗，避免漏诊、延迟诊断或误诊带来的不良后果，具有较大临床意义。     

脊柱结核的MRI表现

目的：探讨MRI对脊柱结核的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析98例经手术病理证实的脊柱结核患者的脊柱MRI征象，观察椎体、终板、椎间盘及椎管等变化，并与X线平片及CT片进行比较。结果：椎体结核早期．MRI上可见椎体形态正常，椎体前中部骨质破坏，呈片状长T1、长T2信号影，边界不清；椎体终板局限性破坏．椎间盘信号不均匀，可见囊状小脓肿形成；椎旁软组织肿胀或少量脓肿形成。MRI对椎体破坏、椎间盘受累、椎旁脓肿及椎管受累的诊断优于X线平片及CT（P〈0．05）。结论：MRI对病变椎体病理改变具有高敏感性，使脊柱结核的早期诊断成为可能。MRI可清晰最示脊柱结核的椎体骨炎、椎旁脓肿、终板破坏及受累椎管狭窄程度．并有助于与椎体肿瘤的鉴别。     

Tuberculosis of the spine

Pott's spine, commonly known as spinal tuberculosis (TB), is an extrapulmonary form of TB caused by Mycobacterium TB. Pott's paraplegia occurs when the spine is involved. Spinal TB is usually caused by the hematogenous spread of infection from a central focus, which can be in the lungs or another location. Spinal TB is distinguished by intervertebral disc involvement caused by the same segmental arterial supply, which can result in severe morbidity even after years of approved therapy. Neurological impairments and spine deformities are caused by progressive damage to the anterior vertebral body. The clinical, radiographic, microbiological, and histological data are used to make the diagnosis of spinal TB. In Pott's spine, combination multidrug antitubercular therapy is the basis of treatment. The recent appearance of multidrug-resistant/extremely drug-resistant TB and the growth of human immunodeficiency virus infection have presented significant challenges in the battle against TB infection. Patients who come with significant kyphosis or neurological impairments are the only ones who require surgical care. Debridement, fusion stabilization, and correction of spinal deformity are the cornerstones of surgical treatment. Clinical results for the treatment of spinal TB are generally quite good with adequate and prompt care.     

原发性椎间隙感染的诊断与外科治疗

目的探讨原发性椎间隙感染的诊断与外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1999年5月～2005年7月收治的原发性椎间隙感染19例（其中胸椎4例、腰椎15例）患者的临床资料及治疗效果。所有患者均无椎间盘手术病史及脊柱封闭或穿刺史,纳入诊断均靠术中术后病理确诊。全部病例均因非手术治疗无效后行病灶清除、植骨并内固定术。术中病灶清除后局部应用抗生素,术后继续抗感染治疗。结果所有患者术后腰背部疼痛、活动受限等症状明显缓解,体温正常。术前伴有脊髓神经损伤的9例患者术后神经功能均得到不同程度恢复。19例中仅有l例术后脓液细菌培养结果提示为金黄色葡萄球菌生长,其余均为无菌生长。所有病例术后病理结果均提示有中性粒细胞、浆细胞或巨噬细胞浸润,考虑炎性改变。随访13～42个月,平均25个月,均无复发。影像学检查示椎体序列良好,植骨节段均骨性融合,无内固定器松动、断裂。术前误诊为“脊柱结核”8例。结论MRI有利于原发性椎间隙感染的早期诊断,但确诊需以病理为准;病灶彻底清除、植骨并加强内固定有利于治疗该疾病,但需严格掌握手术适应证。     

32例布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎的临床分析

目的加强对布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎临床特点的认识,减少误诊、误治的发生。 方法选取本院2014年1月至2015年1月收治的32例布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析与总结。 结果32例患者均有不同程度的脊柱受累表现,且均以腰痛为主,少数可同时累及2～3个椎体。MRI影像特点为：受累椎体正常结构消失,骨质破坏,椎体边缘骨质增生明显,21例病例形成骨桥,14例病例椎体旁可见脓肿形成,但均无死骨,并可见椎间盘膨出及脊髓压迫等表现。确诊的32例布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎的患者按照规范的疗程,给予有效的抗菌药物联合抗菌治疗,均取得了显著的疗效。 结论由于布鲁杆菌病临床表现复杂多样,临床症状多不典型,布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎常被误诊、误治,因此加强对布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎临床特点的认知非常重要。     

脊椎朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症13例报告

背景：脊椎朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症（LCH）是一种少见病,诊断困难,治疗方法仍有争议。目的：探讨脊椎LCH的临床和影像学特征及其治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析1985年10月至2003年10月收治的13例脊椎LCH患者的临床资料,男7例,女6例,年龄1．5～11岁,平均5．5岁。脊椎以外颅骨、腓骨、股骨颈、股骨大转子和坐骨等多发骨骼受累6例;勒-雪病发病1-2年内出现新的骨病变3例;患病处疼痛或放射痛、压痛或畸形;合并四肢轻瘫3例;骶神经受压1例;皮疹、间质性肺炎、肝大、尿崩症等多系统受累5例。对合并四肢轻瘫者行化疗或放疗加手术治疗2例;因骶神经受压行手术减压1例;仅行放疗1例;单用化疗3例;无全身症状,无进行性脊柱畸形者,密切观察不作特殊处理6例。X线、CT的特点有椎旁阴影扩大,椎体溶骨性改变（呈楔形变或致密薄片）,病变严重者累及椎弓根或椎板6例。两相邻椎体受累者可见椎间变窄,与椎体炎症难鉴别。经活检或手术确诊7例,根据临床资料、影像学确诊6例。结果：经治疗4例脊髓及骶神经功能恢复。2例尿崩症随访11年1例无改善,另1例恶化。12例经2～12年随访（平均7．4年）椎体高度不同程度恢复,6例恢复正常,5例轻度后突畸形,1例轻度侧突畸形。失访1例。结论：根据临床及X线、CT或MRI资料,并结合活检及密切随访,有助于多系统或多发骨骼受累的脊椎LCH的诊断。化疗结合手术可控制脊椎LCH进展。全身无症状的脊椎LCH无进行性畸形者密切观察无需特殊处理。     

Atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis

Summary Twenty-three patients with atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis treated between 1975 and 1985, are described.All presented with signs and symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina, ranging from paraesthesiae and increasing weakness of extremities to paraplegia and loss of sphincter control. None of them showed visible or palpable spinal deformity nor the typical radiographic appearance of destruction of the intervertebral disc and the two adjoining vertebral bodies. These atypical forms constituted about 12 percent of all the cases of spinal tuberculosis seen (a total of 190 cases); and fell into three well-defined groups: those with the involvement of neural arch only; those with the inolvement of a single vertebral body; and, those without bony involvement. The correct surgical approach in these groups was found to be different: spinal cord compression caused by the tuberculous disease of the neural arch was best treated by laminectomy; whereas single vertebral body disease required an anterior or anterolateral approach. Spinal computerized tomography was helpful in defining the extent of disease and planning the surgical approach. Histological confirmation of tuberculosis was obtained in all the cases and acid fast bacilli (A.F.B.) were found in, and cultured from, the biopsy specimens of 18 cases.     

非特异性脊柱感染误诊的临床分析

目的：针对误诊为脊柱结核的非特异性感染病例,探讨非结核性脊柱感染的特点,为提高其诊治水平提供临床数据。方法回顾性分析2009年5月～2012年7月收治的23例疑似脊柱结核病例的临床资料。13例患椎部位有明显疼痛;10例有轻度疼痛,活动后加重。影像学检查提示椎体破坏、椎间隙变窄,椎前软组织肿胀。均行病灶清除植骨融合内固定术,并行组织病理学检查、细菌学培养、菌种鉴定、药敏试验等实验室检查,术后应用敏感或广谱抗生素。结果本组随访10～24个月,平均15个月。结核分枝杆菌培养及PCR检测阴性,普通细菌培养阳性10例,其中金黄色葡萄球菌6例、大肠埃希菌2例、克雷伯白菌1例、真菌1例;细菌培养阴性13例。治疗后疼痛均明显好转,神经损害有所恢复。感染得到控制,无复发。结论脊柱非特异性感染的诊断应当结合临床症状,全面有针对性的细菌学检查以及影像学技术或辅以诊断性治疗才能降低其误诊率。