血管内皮抑素治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

重组人血管内皮抑素是一种广谱的抗血管生成分子靶向药物,其通过抑制肿瘤的病理性血管生成以及抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和转移而发挥抗肿瘤作用.血管内皮抑素联合化疗已成为治疗各种恶性肿瘤的重要治疗手段.     

肿瘤微环境：抗血管治疗的重要靶点

自从20世纪70年代Folkman提出抗肿瘤血管生成治疗的学说以来,抗肿瘤血管治疗这一治疗模式已经历了30多年的发展历程。迄今国内外已近有40种以上的抗肿瘤血管药物在接受不同阶段的临床评价,其中以抑制促血管生成因子或相关受体的药物最多。     

唑来膦酸抗肿瘤血管生成作用研究进展

唑来膦酸是第三代双膦酸盐药物,主要用于治疗恶性高钙血症及骨转移癌。目前的研究发现,除抑制骨吸收外唑来膦酸还具有直接和间接的抗肿瘤活性。其中抑制肿瘤血管形成是其间接抗肿瘤作用机制之一。其抗肿瘤血管生成作用可能机制如下：（1）抑制肿瘤细胞及肿瘤间质细胞分泌VEGF,调节VEGF-VEGFR自分泌环抑制血管生成;（2）抑制血管内皮细胞迁移、黏附作用;（3）诱导循环内皮细胞祖细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞及肿瘤浸润巨噬细胞分泌MMPs;（4）抑制肿瘤细胞血管生成拟态。但唑来膦酸抗肿瘤活性的用药剂量不同于目前治疗骨转移的剂量,其抗肿瘤血管生成拟态的作用机制尚未明确,需要进一步研究。     

化疗药物抗肿瘤血管作用的研究进展

 肿瘤生长是血管依赖性的 ,血管生成涉及肿瘤从形成到转移的全过程[1] 。当前 ,抗肿瘤血管生成正成为抗肿瘤治疗新的研究热点 ,已报道的具有血管生成抑制活性的物质有数百种 ,并且数量还在不断增加。令人感兴趣的是大量研究结果表明 :化疗药物也可以成为肿瘤血管床的有效抑制剂 ,开辟了化疗药物新的应用领域。     

PLGA-紫杉醇药物缓释系统的研究进展

PLGA是一种高分子聚合材料,由于其良好的缓释特性及生物相容性,常被用作紫杉醇药物的载体.将PLGA制备成药物投递系统,采用静脉给药、局部给药或口服给药等方式,与传统剂型化疗药相比,有更好的抗肿瘤优势.同时,利用这些剂型的缓释效果,延长药物在体内的作用时间,可以有效抑制血管内皮细胞增殖,抑制肿瘤新生血管的生成.本文主要阐述了PLGA药物缓释系统用于常用抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇投递的研究进展.     

植物生物碱的抗肿瘤机制

植物中的生物碱具有抗肿瘤功效,近年来发现其抗肿瘤机制与干扰肿瘤细胞周期、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤新生血管生成和多药耐药性等有关,另外最近还发现植物生物碱可抑制端粒酶活性和诱导自噬.因此,植物生物碱可能是一类具有潜力的抗肿瘤药物.     

抗肿瘤药物靶标的研究进展

理想的抗肿瘤药靶的发现是设计高效低毒抗肿瘤药物的关键,抑制肿瘤血管生成仍是抗肿瘤药物研究的主流,生长因子及其相应的受体激酶已成为重要的抗肿瘤靶,细胞周期和凋亡调节基因作为潜在的抗肿瘤药靶也引起了人们广泛的兴趣,另外,蛋白法尼基转移酶、组蛋白去乙酰化酶和端粒酶也是很有前景的抗肿瘤药物靶标.现综述目前所发现的抗肿瘤药物靶分子的生物学特性,它们作为抗肿瘤药物设计靶标的潜力以及目前针对这些靶分子进行药物发现的研究进展.     

薏苡仁注射液对血管生成的影响

肿瘤是危害人类健康的主要疾病之一 ,有效预防、治疗肿瘤是现今的研究热点。抗肿瘤研究途径之一是抑制血管生成。至今已分离、纯化了多种血管生成抑制因子 ,抗肿瘤药物薏苡仁注射液 (康莱特注射液 ,KLT)可提高机体免疫力、控制肿瘤细胞生长 ,但其与血管生成之间的关系仍不清楚。本实验采用主动脉无血清培养模型检测 KLT对血管生成的作用 ,为临床肿瘤治疗提供实验基础 ,开拓药物应用范围。材料与方法1 .试剂与方法薏苡仁注射液由浙江康莱特药业有限公司 (商品名 :康莱特注射液批号 90 0 81 91 - 2 )提供 ,DMEMMedium、HAM F- 1 2 Nutr…     

干扰素-γ治疗肿瘤的研究进展

IFN-γ的抗肿瘤细胞增殖、抑制血管生成和免疫调节效应使之成为一个受到广泛关注的抗肿瘤药物。文章主要就其抗肿瘤机制及应用进行综述。     

血管内皮抑素抗肿瘤研究进展

血管内皮抑素是一种广谱的抗血管生成分子靶向物,其通过抑制肿瘤形成过程的病理性血管生成及抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和转移,发挥抗肿瘤作用。近年来随着靶向治疗药物不断进入临床,血管内皮抑素成为肿瘤综合治疗研究的热点之一。     

The dilemma of cystectomy in old-old and oldest-old patients

Bladder cancer (BC) is a disease of the elderly, with a peak incidence at 85 years. If life expectancy continues to increase in such a way that it is, in 20 years nearly half of the population will be considered elderly. The incidence of BC will also dramatically increase in proportion to this and, subsequently, a cure is needed. Currently, only 4–11% of elderly individuals with muscle-invasive BC undergo radical extirpative surgery; a number that is evidently too low when we consider that the cancer-specific mortality rate is highest in the octo- and nona-genarian groups. Advanced age should not in itself be a reason for avoiding radical surgery. Comorbidity is much more important and incisive on complication and mortality rate than age alone. Nevertheless, a complication rate of 24–60% is a realistic expectation, as is a 90-day mortality rate of approximately 10%. Due to the restricted physiological reserve, there is little place for surgical mistakes. This review evaluates all aspects of radical cystectomy in the elderly and gives an overview of upcoming challenges.     

Le contrôle local de la tumeur primitive. Étape indispensable de la guérison des cancers

There is clear evidence for a cancer cure. The hypothesis behind a treatment with curative intent is the ability to eradicate all the cancer cells of a tumour. Out of three cancer deaths, one is related to local failure. In some cancers like breast carcinoma, death is mainly in relation with the development of distant metastases. Even in such a tumour, an improvement in local control can translate as better survival. Radiationtherapy, often in association with surgery, is playing a major role in tumour local control. Such a local control is mandatory if cure is at aim. One of the main goals of clinical research is to find a good compromise between local control of the disease and a non mutilating surgical approach.     

Biperiden and mepazine effectively inhibit MALT1 activity and tumor growth in pancreatic cancer

MALT1 is a key mediator of NF-κB signaling and a main driver of B-cell lymphomas. Remarkably, MALT1 is expressed in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) as well, but absent from normal exocrine pancreatic tissue. Following, MALT1 shows off to be a specific target in cancer cells of PDAC without affecting regular pancreatic cells. Therefore, we studied the impact of pharmacological MALT1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer and showed promising effects on tumor progression. Mepazine (Mep), a phenothiazine derivative, is a known potent MALT1 inhibitor. Newly, we described that biperiden (Bip) is a potent MALT1 inhibitor with even less pharmacological side effects. Thus, Bip is a promising drug leading to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo. By compromising MALT1 activity, nuclear translocation of c-Rel is prevented. c-Rel is critical for NF-κB-dependent inhibition of apoptosis. Hence, off-label use of Bip or Mep represents a promising new therapeutic approach to PDAC treatment. Regularly, the Anticholinergicum Bip is used to treat neurological side effects of Phenothiazines, like extrapyramidal symptoms.     

Wnt7a与恶性肿瘤的关系及研究进展

Wnt7a是Wnt信号家族成员中的一种分泌糖蛋白,位于染色体3p25上,极易缺失,主要在胎盘、肾脏、睾丸、子宫、胎肺及人脑中表达,参与人体的胚胎发育及细胞分化。越来越多的研究发现,Wnt7a在很多肿瘤细胞中也有表达,并起着举足轻重的作用。作为一个新的肿瘤治疗靶点或者肿瘤生长通路中重要的因子,Wnt7a开始受到越来越多科学家的注意。     

Therapeutic pattern and progress of neoadjuvant treatment for triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease, accounting for about 15.0-20.0% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is associated with early recurrence and metastasis, strong invasiveness and a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is currently the mainstay of treatment for TNBC, and achievement of a pathological complete response is closely associated with a long-term good prognosis. Improving the long-term prognosis in patients with TNBC is a challenge in breast cancer treatment, and more clinical evidence is needed to guide the choice of treatment strategies. The current study reviews the conventional treatment modality for TNBC and the selection of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) regimens available. The research progress on optimizing NACT regimens is also reviewed, and the uniqueness of the treatment of this breast cancer subtype is emphasized, in order to provide reference for the clinical practice and research with regard to TNBC treatment.     

Renal fungus ball in a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis: Unique complication in a rare disease

Candida fungus ball is a rare presentation of urinary tract infections among adult patients and is associated with considerable morbidity. Because clinical signs are not specific, diagnosis is often delayed. Furthermore, treatment is occasionally difficult, and the approach to such cases varies widely among different centers. In this report, we describe a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis who developed a renal fungus ball. Management of this challenging case is discussed, and review of the literature is presented.     

A feasibility study for non-invasive thermometry using non-linear ultrasound

Purpose: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is used during hyperthermia cancer treatment to increase the tumour temperature. For an adequate and safe application it is important to measure the temperature in the heated region, preferably in a non-invasive manner and by the same modality as used for heating. The goal of this feasibility study is two-fold; first, it is investigated whether the acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A is most suitable for measuring temperature changes, second, a non-invasive thermometry method based on B/A is proposed and demonstrated.

Material and methods: Water is used to confirm that B/A is a sensitive acoustic medium parameter that is practically applicable for non-invasive thermometry. Next, a thermometry method is proposed that employs the ratios between the fundamental and the higher harmonic frequency components of a non-linear acoustic wave. The method determines these ratios for a measured acoustic pulse that has traversed a certain medium, and compares these with temperature dependent reference ratios for the same medium. The method is demonstrated using simulated measurements of an acoustic plane wave propagating in glycerol.

Results: Results obtained for water show that B/A is more sensitive for temperature changes than other practical acoustic parameters. For a combination of 16 simulated measurements, it is demonstrated that temperature can be predicted non-invasively with zero bias and a standard deviation of 2°C if the noise level does not exceed ?40?dB.

Conclusion: The suitability of B/A as a basis for non-invasive thermometry is confirmed, and a non-invasive thermometry method based on B/A is proposed and successfully demonstrated.     

The genetics of gestational trophoblastic disease: a rare complication of pregnancy

Gestational choriocarcinoma is usually a rapidly spreading fatal disease, but it is curable if diagnosed early and treated. It is a unique malignancy that is a partial or complete allograft with a genotype that is not the same as the host genotype. It is most often preceded by an abnormal molar pregnancy. The surprising and unique androgenetic origin of complete hydatidiform molar pregnancies was first revealed by Kajii and Ohama in 1977. We describe the current understanding of the morphology, epidemiology and genetics of gestational trophoblastic disease that followed the milestone findings by Kajii and Ohama.