Stilbene C-glucosides from Cissus repens

Four new stilbene C-glucosides, namely trans-3-O-methyl-resveratrol-2-C-β-glucoside (1), cis-3-O-methyl-resveratrol-2-C-β-glucoside (2), trans-3-O-methyl-resveratrol-2-(2-p-coumaric)-C-β-glucoside (cissuside A) (3), and trans-3-O-methyl-resveratrol-2-(3-p-coumaric)-C-β-glucoside (cissuside B) (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Cissus repens, along with known trans-resveratrol (5), trans-resveratrol-2-C-β-glucoside (6) and cis-resveratrol-2-C-β-glucoside (7). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. Stilbene C-glucosides were found in the genus Cissus for the first time.     

Stilbene C-glucosides from Cissus repens

Four new stilbene C-glucosides, namely trans-3-O-methyl-resveratrol-2-C-beta-glucoside (1), cis-3-O-methyl-resveratrol-2-C-beta-glucoside (2), trans-3-O-methyl-resveratrol-2-(2-p-coumaric)-C-beta-glucoside (cissuside A) (3), and trans-3-O-methyl-resveratrol-2-(3-p-coumaric)-C-beta-glucoside (cissuside B) (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Cissus repens, along with known trans-resveratrol (5), trans-resveratrol-2-C-beta-glucoside (6) and cis-resveratrol-2-C-beta-glucoside (7). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. Stilbene C-glucosides were found in the genus Cissus for the first time.     

HPLC测定安痛藤中岩白菜素的含量

目的 建立安痛藤中有效成分岩白菜素含量的方法.方法 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-3(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇∶水(23∶77);流速为1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长为275 nm;柱温为30 ℃.结果 岩白菜素在0.087 5～1.40 μg内有良好线性关系,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为101.3%,RSD为1.9%.结论 该方法准确、稳定、简便、可行.     

民族药马蹄金中多羟基化合物的研究

目的研究马蹄金全草的活性成分。方法利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化，根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从马蹄金全草中分离得到5个糖类化合物，分别鉴定为(2R，3R)-2，3-二羟基-2-甲基-7-丁内酯(Ⅰ)、3，5-二羟基-7-戊内酯(Ⅱ)、(2S，3R)-1，2，3，4-四羟基-2-甲基丁烷(Ⅲ)、(3R)-2-羟甲基-1，2，3，4-四羟基丁烷(Ⅳ)和甘油三乙酸酯(Ⅴ)。结论化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ均为首次从该植物中分得，化合物Ⅰ具有一定的抗乙肝病毒(HBV)作用。     

Mosquitocidal triterpenes from the stem of Duranta repens

Two triterpenes, β-amyrin and 12-oleanene 3β, 21β-diol, were isolated as a mixture from the chloroform soluble fraction of an ethanol extract of Duranta repens Linn (Verbenaceae) stem. The structures of the two compounds were confirmed by analysis of their IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and LC-MS spectral data. The mixture of β-amyrin and 12-oleanene 3β, 21β-diol (compound 1) was highly effective against the larvae of the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), as a mosquitocide.     

白车轴草中挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

目的研究白车轴草的挥发油成分。方法挥发油提取器提取白车轴草挥发性成分,用气质联用技术分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对化合物进行结构鉴定,并用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果及结论共分离出46种成分并确认了其中36种主要成分。     

白藜芦醇的提取分离及其对内皮素-1的拮抗作用

目的：研究草药红背丝绸化学成分的提取分离及其活性成分白藜芦醇对内皮素的拮抗作用。：用不同剂量白藜芦醇拮抗ＥＴ－１引起的小鼠急性死亡,大鼠离体血管条收缩,整体大鼠升压作用,致平滑肌细胞增殖效应,以及白藜芦醇拮抗「＾１２５Ｉ」ＥＴ－１与血管平滑肌成纤维细胞结合实验。结果：白藜芦醇对ＥＴ－１致小鼠急性死亡有明显的保护作用;可明显地拮抗由ＥＴ－１引起的离体大鼠主动脉条的收缩作用。     

Development and Validation of a Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Phytosterols in Cissus quadrangularis

Cissus quadrangularis L. is a promising remedy prescribed in the ancient Ayurvedic literature for bone fracture healing properties. As this activity has been extensively investigated and well established, a range of formulations containing C. quadrangularis has been marketed. This work reports the development and validation of a reliable RP-HPLC method for the analysis of phytosterols in the various extracts of the plant. The proposed method utilizes a Cosmosil C₈ column (250 ΄ 4.6 mm) with a compatible Phenomenex C₈ guard column with isocratic elution of acetonitrile and water (95:5 v/v) at 25°. An effluent flow rate of 2 ml/min and UV detection at 202 nm was used for the analysis of phytosterols. The described method was linear in the range of 1–500 μg/ml, with excellent correlation coefficients. The precision, robustness and ruggedness values were also within the prescribed limits (less than 2%). The recovery values were within the range, which indicates that the accuracy of the analysis was good and that the interference of the matrix with the recovery of phytosterols was low. The phytosterols were found to be stable in a stock solution for 48 h (% RSD was below 2%) and no interfering extra peaks were observed under controlled stress conditions. The proposed method is simple, specific, precise, accurate, and reproducible and thus can be used for routine analysis of C. quadrangularis phytosterols in quality control laboratories.     

Hepatoprotective Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Stem Extract Against Rifampicin-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis against rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.The coarse powder of the shade dried stem of Cissus quadrangularis was subjected to successive extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus using solvents petroleum ether (60-80°) and methanol. Liver damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering rifampicin (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis (500 mg/kg, p.o) was administered 1 h prior to the administration of rifampicin (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg p.o) used as reference drug. Elevated levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline posphatase and bilirubin following rifampicin induction were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis. Rifampicin administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activities like reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutas and catalase. Pretreatment of rats with methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant activities. Histology of the liver section of the animals treated with the methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis further confirms the hepatoprotective activity. The results of the present study indicated the hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis which might be ascribable to its antioxidant property due to the presence of β-carotene.     

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against isoniazid-induced liver damage in rats

Objective:

The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) against isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Materials and Methods:

The successive petroleum ether (60–80°C) and methanol extracts of C. quadrangularis were used. Hepatic damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering isoniazid (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Simultaneously, CQ (500 mg/kg p.o) was administered 1 h prior to the administration of isoniazid (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg p.o) was used as a reference drug.

Results:

Elevated levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline posphatase, and bilirubin following isoniazid administration were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with CQ. Isoniazid administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased antioxidant activities such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Pretreatment of rats with CQ significantly decreased LPO and increased the antioxidant activities.

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicated that the hepatoprotective effect of CQ might be attributed to its antioxidant property.     

Oligostilbenes from the roots of Vitis amurensis

Two new oligostilbenes, amurensin A (1) and amurensin B (2), were isolated from the roots of Vitis amurensis Rupr. together with five known oligostilbenes. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic evidence, and amurensin B was the first naturally occurring stilbene trimer with a cis dihydrobenzofuran moiety.     

Stilbenes and oligostilbenes from leaf and stem of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis amurensis</Emphasis> and their cytotoxic activity

Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc fraction from the leaf and stem of Vitis amurensis led to the isolation of six oligostilbenoids (i.e., r-2-viniferin (1), trans-amurensin B (2), trans-ɛ-viniferin (3), gnetin H (4), amurensin G (5), (+)-ampelopsin A (8)) and four stilbenoids (i.e., trans-resveratrol (6), (+)-ampelopsin F (7), piceatannol (9), and trans-piceid (10)). The structures have been identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and physicochemical properties. The isolates were investigated for cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines in vitro using the MTT assay method. Amurensin G (5) and trans-resveratrol (6) showed significant cytotoxic activity against L1210, K562 and HTC116 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 15.7 ± 2.1 to 30.9 ± 1.8 μM. (+)-Ampelopsin A (8) and trans-piceid (10) exhibited considerable cytotoxic activity against L1210 (IC₅₀ values of 30.6 ± 4.1 and 28.7 ± 2.81 μM, respectively) and K562 (IC₅₀ values of 38.6 ± 0.82 and 24.6 ± 0.76 μM, respectively). Gnetin H (4) showed only weak cytotoxic activity against L1210 with an IC₅₀ value of 40.1 ± 4.23 μM. On the other hand, r-2-viniverin (1), trans-amurensin B (2), trans-ɛ-viniferin (3), (+)-ampelopsin F (7), and piceatannol (9) exhibited no activity on three cancer cell lines.     

Anticestodal Activity of Trifolium repens. Extract

ABSTRACT

Trifolium repens. L. is an herbal plant that is used in the folk medicine of the Naga tribes of India as a deworming remedy. This study deals with evaluating its anticestodal activity using experimental Hymenolepis diminuta. Rudolphi infections in albino rats. Doses of T. repens. aerial shoots extract 200 and 500?mg/kg reduced the mean fecal egg counts of H. diminuta. by 47.72% and 54.59% and worm recovery rate by 60.00% and 40.00%, respectively. Praziquantel, the standard cestocidal drug, reduced the mean fecal egg count by 65.90% and worm recovery rate by 26.67%. The study suggests that the aerial shoots of T. repens. bear anticestodal properties and supports its use in the traditional medicine system.     

In Vitro. and In Vivo. Evaluation of Free-Radical Scavenging Potential of Cissus quadrangularis.

Abstract

The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of the methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis. (L.) (CQE) against free-radical damage. The test extract exhibited significant scavenging effect on DPPH free radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical production, and inhibition of lipid peroxide production in erythrocytes. The free-radical scavenging effect of CQE was comparable with that of reference antioxidants. The activities of liver marker enzymes and antioxidant defense enzymes in rat liver homogenate were assessed in CCl₄- and CQE-treated animals. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) caused a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDL) levels and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S.-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, which were reverted by CQE treatment. The results obtained suggest that CQE showed antilipid peroxidative, free-radical scavenging property and ameliorated the liver damage by an increase in antioxidant enzymes activities. It can be concluded that the free-radical scavenging/antioxidant activity of the plant extract may be responsible for the therapeutic action against tissue damage.     

Serenoa repens,selenium and lycopene to manage lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive for benign prostatic hyperplasia

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease affecting most of the elderly male. α1-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are currently used to target lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Moreover phytotherapeutic agents, including Serenoa Repens (SeR), have shown to have a role in ameliorating BPH/LUTS alone or in combination of other elements like Selenium (Se) and Lycopene (Ly).

Areas covered: A literature review was performed using data from articles assessing the role of of SeR+Se+Ly in the management of LUTS secondary to BPH. Diverging evidence on SeR’s efficacy is available. On one hand several studies have shown SeR efficacy in treating BPH/LUTS. SeR is effective in reducing prostate size, urinary frequency, dysuria, nocturia and in improving maximum urine flow-rate. On the other hand two long-term trials reported that SeR did not improve prostate size or urinary flow. SeR+Se+Ly in combination with tamsulosin is more effective than single therapies in improving IPSS and increasing maximal urinary flow-rate in patients affected by LUTS/BPH.

Expert opinion: Despite great amount of preclinical and clinical studies, the use of SeR in BPH/LUTS is not sustained by clear evidence for a therapeutic efficacy but current data hint higher efficacy of of SeR+Se+Ly compared to SeR alone.     

白车轴草化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的为白车轴草(Trifolium repensL.)的药效物质基础提供依据。方法利用制备薄层、反复硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、开放ODS柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱分析对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为伞形花内酯(umbelliferon,1)、芒柄花素(formononetin,2)、水杨酸(salicylic acid,3)、双白瑞香素(daphnoretin,4)、4′-methoxy-coumestrol(5)、trifoliol(6)、美迪紫檀素(medicarpin,7)、环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24ξ-二醇(cycloart-25-en-3β,24ξ-diol,8)、3β-hydroxy-7α-methoxy-24β-ethyl-cholest-5-ene(9)、soyasapogenol B(10)。结论化合物8、9为首次从车轴草属植物中分离得到,化合物1、3、4为首次从白车轴草中分离得到。     

Four new isoflavones from Ampelopsis grossedentata

Four new isoflavones have been isolated from the BuOH extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata Hand.-Mazz. Based on spectral and chemical methods, their structures were elucidated as 6,7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone 1; 6,7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone 6-O- g - d -glucopyranoside 2; 6,7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone 6-O- f -L-rhamnopyranoside 3; 6,7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone 6-O- g -D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6)- g -D-glucopyranoside 4. This is the first report on isolation of isoflavones from this plant.     

Stilbene derivatives from Gnetum cleistostachyum

Three new stilbene derivatives, named gnetucleistol A (1), B (2) and C (3), together with four known compounds, gnetifolin A (4), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (5), piceatannol (6) and resveratrol (7), were isolated from Gnetum cleistostachyum C.Y. Cheng (Gnetaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (EI-MS, UV, IR, NOE, ¹H, ¹³C and 2D NMR).     

马蹄金中铁、钙、镁、铜、锌、锰、镍的形态分析

目的：研究马蹄金全草中微量元素的存在形态。方法：采用超声波提取。电感耦合等离子发射光谱法（ICP—AES）对马蹄金不同形态中Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Ma、Ni等元素进行分析。结果：Fe元素在马蹄金中含量最高，而Cu元素含量最低；Ca的提取率最高，Fe的提取率最低；Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni6种元素的可溶态均大于悬浮态；且渣中的微量元素含量较高。结论：马蹄金中的微量元素是以无机态为主，多种形态共存的复杂体系。     

民族药马蹄金提取物对小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的 :观察马蹄金提取物对四氯化碳 (CCl4)所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法 :以不同浓度不同剂量的CCl4 给予小鼠 ,造成肝损伤模型 ,分别检测在CCl4 损伤肝脏 16h ,7d ,3周后的血清酶学有关指标及对肝脏作病理学的检查。结果 :马蹄金提取物各剂量组 (3 2 .5,16.3 ,8.2 g·kg- 1)经连续灌胃给药后 ,对因CCl4 所致的血清转氨酶 (ALT、AST)的明显升高均有不同程度的降低作用 (P <0 .0 5,P <0 .0 1)。病理切片显示药物治疗组的肝损伤程度较模型组明显减轻。结论 :马蹄金提取物对CCl4 所致小鼠化学毒性的肝损伤 ,具有一定的保护作用。