小鼠子宫内膜中鸡冠珊瑚树凝集素和双花藕豆凝集素受体在胚泡植入过程中的表达

目的 探讨小鼠子宫内膜鸡冠珊瑚树凝集素(ECL)受体和双花藕豆凝集素(DBA)受体与胚泡植入的关系.方法 以生物素标记的ECL和DBA来检测怀孕侧和输卵管结扎未孕侧小鼠孕早期子宫内膜中两种凝集 素受体的分布状况和变化规律.结果怀孕侧,ECL主要表达于胚胎滋养层细胞及其基膜,蜕膜细胞及其周围的细胞外基质(ECM);未孕侧,主要表达于子宫内膜上皮和腺上皮.在怀孕侧,DBA受体主要表达于胚胎滋养层细胞和子宫内膜血管基膜;在未孕侧,主要表达于子宫内膜血管的基膜.结论 ECL和DBA受体与小鼠胚泡植入过程密切相关.     

人胚食管上皮和食管癌的蓖麻凝集素受体研究

用蓖麻凝集素（ＲＣＡ Ｉ）对３，４，５，６，７，８个月和出生前人胚食管和食 管癌组织采用ＡＢＣ法进行了石蜡切片标记。结果发现，人胚食管上皮在８个月前后，有较明显的分化过程。３－７月，ＲＣＡＩ所识别的半乳糖残基仅出现在顶部细胞纤毛的膜上。８月起，食管上皮逐渐由纤毛型演变为非纤毛型，ＲＣＡＩ染色中见到基底细胞向表面分化出ＲＣＡＩ阳性细胞取代ＲＣＡＩ阴性细胞。意味着胞膜上半乳糖残基的表现早于上皮细胞形态     

小鼠动情周期、妊娠和哺乳过程中凝集素PHA-E与UEA的受体在子宫内膜的分布

目的 探讨子宫内膜菜豆凝集素(PHA-E)和荆豆凝集素(UEA)的受体与胚泡植入的关系。方法 应用亲合细胞化学和图像分析方法检测PHA-E与UEA的受体在昆明小鼠动情周期、妊娠和哺乳过程中子宫内膜的分布状况和变化规律。结果 以上2种凝集素受体均存在于不同阶段的小鼠子宫内膜,但2种凝集素受体的数量和分布存在差异。PHA-E受体在孕早期,尤其是围植入期的水平显著高于动情周期组和哺乳期组;其广泛分布于围植入期子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮游离缘、胚胎组织、蜕膜细胞表面及其周围的细胞外基质(ECM)。UEA受体则呈现动情期水平最高,孕期逐渐下降的趋势,其主要分布于子宫内膜腺上皮游离缘。结论凝集素PHA-E受体与小鼠胚泡植入过程密切相关,对UEA受体与胚胞植入的关系尚难做出满意地解释。     

钠尿肽受体A在小鼠视网膜发育过程中的表达

目的检测钠尿肽受体(NPR)在不同年龄小鼠视网膜内的表达,探讨其在视网膜发育过程中的作用。方法收集从受孕16日(E16)到出生90日(P90)小鼠眼球标本共127只,对NPR-A进行免疫荧光检测。结果NPR-A广泛存在于视网膜神经元中,例如,在外核层,NPR-A于P7开始高表达在视锥、视杆细胞内、外突起上,于P14减弱,P30之后持续稳定弱表达;在内核层,从P7开始NPR-A持续弱表达在双极细胞的突起中,而在水平细胞中未见NPR-A表达;在神经节细胞层,NPR-A于E16开始高表达在神经节细胞胞体中,P14明显减弱,而在神经纤维层,即神经节细胞的轴突中,NPR-A从胚胎期至成年持续高表达;在外网状层和内网状层,NPR-A于P14均高表达,但于P30之后逐渐减弱。此外,NPR-A还广泛的存在于Müller细胞的突起中。结论 NPR-A参与了视网膜的发育,可能是小鼠视网膜神经元发育过程中的关键分子,并对Müller细胞的功能活动起着重要的调节作用。     

凝集素PHA-E、UEA受体在真孕小鼠和假孕模型小鼠孕早期子宫内膜中的变化

目的：探讨子宫内膜凝集素PHA-E和UEA的受体与胚泡植入的关系。方法：应用生物素标记的凝集素PHA-E和UEA,来检测真孕组、单纯假孕组和蜕膜化假孕组小鼠孕早期子宫内膜中两种凝集素受体的分布状况和变化规律。结果：PHA-E受体广泛分布于各组小鼠子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮、蜕膜细胞表面及其周围的ECM;其在真孕组的水平均显著高于假孕组,且在孕9d时,蜕膜化假孕组的水平又显著高于单纯假孕组。UEA受体则主要分布于子宫内膜腺上皮游离缘;其在真孕组的水平高于单纯假孕组,在孕6、9d时,真孕组的水平又明显低于蜕膜化假孕组。结论：凝集素PHA-E受体与小鼠胚泡植入过程密切相关,对UEA受体与胚泡植入的关系尚难做出满意的解释。     

小鼠胚胎心脏发育过程中转化生长因子的表达特点

目的：探讨不同转化生长因子(TGF)β异构体在小鼠胚胎心脏的时空表达规律和心脏发育关系。方法：小鼠胚胎连续切片,免疫组化PAP法染色。结果：TGFβ1和TGFβ3的表达开始于胚胎发育第9d,第12d达高峰,第13d后,表达下降,尤以室间隔和左心室致密心肌下降明显。直到第10～11d,各部才出现较强的TGFβ2染色,第12d后,TGFβ2染色明显下降。心肌TGFβ2和TGFβ3表达增强的同时,流出道嵴表面和半月瓣原基表面内皮细胞变为立方形,显较强的TGFβ2和TGFβ3染色。结论：TGF／3类生长因子集中表达于小鼠胚胎心脏发育的9～13d,3种TGFβ异构体可能以旁分泌和内分泌的形式在心肌分化、外形演变和内部分隔过程中发挥重要调节作用。     

在发育过程中小鼠脑N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸受体亚单位蛋白的表达

为了测定新生小鼠发育过程中脑组织中ＮＭＤＡ受体亚单位蛋白的表达水平，用ＮＭＤＡ受体亚单位特异的抗体，通过引入成年小鼠皮层组织系列稀释的样品作标准，建立了定量的免疫印迹分析法。并对出生后不同日龄新生儿小鼠脑和小脑组织中ＮＭＤＡ受体ζ１、ε１和ε２亚单位蛋白进行了测定，结果表明，ζ１，ε１和ε２三个亚单位在大鼠前脑组织中呈相似的增加趋势，只是ε１的表达明显的滞后。而小脑此３种单位的表达绝对一均明显低于     

人胚食管上皮和食管癌的蓖麻凝集素受体研究

用蓖麻凝集素(RCA Ⅰ)对3、4、5、6、7、8个月和出生前人胚食管和食管癌组织采用ABC法进行了石蜡切片标记。结果发现,人胚食管上皮在8月前后,有较明显的分化过程。3-7月,RCA Ⅰ所识别的半乳糖残基仅出现在顶部细胞纤毛的膜上,8月起,食管上皮逐渐由纤毛型演变为非纤毛型,RCA Ⅰ染色中见到基底细胞向表面分化出RCA Ⅰ阳性细胞取代RCA Ⅰ阴性细胞。意味着胞膜上半乳糖残基的表现早于上皮细胞形态学的改变。食管癌细胞,RCA Ⅰ受体的分布和着色的深度都与正常细胞不同、染色加深,不仅在胞膜而且在胞浆,都呈现强的阳性反应。结果提示:蓖麻凝集素对食管上皮的发育、分化以及癌变的研究,是有价值的。     

肝细胞生长因子受体在小鼠肾发育中的表达

目的:观察肝细胞生长因子受体(c-Met)在小鼠肾发育中的时空性表达,探讨c-Met与肾发育的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学技术结合体视学方法和免疫印迹法,测定不同胚龄(E)11、14、16d和18d及生后日龄(P)1、3、7、14、21d和40d小鼠肾组织内c-Met的表达及其含量变化.结果:免疫组织化学结果显示c-Met的表达在各期集合管较强,皮质肾小管内次之,肾小体表达较弱.体视学测量和免疫印迹法结果均显示随着胚日龄的增加,c-Met在各期肾小体、皮质肾小管及集合管的表达是先增后减.结论:c-Met可能对肾各结构的发育以及成熟肾的形态维持起重要作用.     

P物质和P物质受体在小鼠胚胎发育期脑内的表达

目的研究小鼠胚脑发育期间P物质（SP）和P物质受体（SPR）的表达。方法分别取孕11、13、15、17和19d的小鼠胚脑和新生鼠脑。采用SP和SPR酶标免疫组织化学染色观察SP和SPR表达的变化。结果SP自小鼠胚胎11d开始出现少量表达,并一直持续到出生后,主要出现在发育过程中的新纹状体等部位;SPR与SP同时出现并持续到出生后,主要出现在发育过程中的延髓中缝等部位。结论SP和SPR在小鼠发育期间的表达提示SP可能参与中枢神经系统神经元形成和成熟调控。     

Interaction of Lens culinaris lectin, concanavalin A, Ricinus communis agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin with the cell surface of normal and transformed rat liver cells.

The observation of BOREK et al. (1973) on nonagglutinability of transformed rat liver cells by Lens culinaris lectin and our ultrastructural findings of a greater mobility of the Lens culinaris lectin receptors on transformed rat liver cells as compared to normal rat liver cells (ROTH 1975) initiated the present agglutination experiments on liver cells with lectins. For agglutination assay the microhemadsorption technique after FURMANSKI et al. (1973) was used with exception of several tests on EDTA-detached cells. The transformed rat liver cells exhibited, in contrast to the findings of BOREK et al. (1973), a positive microhemadsorption with Lens culinaris lectin as well as with Concanavalin A, Ricinus communis lectin and wheat germ agglutinin whereas the normal rat liver cells became positive only after a brief trypsin treatment. The significance of the difference in agglutinability of rat liver cells with Lens culinaris lectin and the other lectins used is discussed with regard to the cell-cell interaction mediated by lectins.     

Antibodies to wheat germ agglutinin in coeliac disease.

Serum IgG and IgA antibodies to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in all incubation steps to inhibit sugar-specific binding. Patients with coeliac disease (CD) had significantly higher antibody levels to WGA than patients with other intestinal disorders or healthy controls. Similar results were obtained for antibodies to the gluten fraction glyc-gli. The WGA antibodies did apparently not cross-react with gluten antigens, but commercial gluten powder contained traces of WGA or a similar lectin. Our findings support the proposal that WGA may be involved in the pathogenesis of CD.     

Wheat germ agglutinin and Ticinus communis agglutinin as specific saccharide stains in light and electron microscopy.

Two plant agglutinins, wheat germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin, were used for light and electron microscopic detection of certain carbohydrate-containing cell surface components and extracellular polysaccharides. For light microscopic studies on various tissues fluorescein isothiocyanate coupled lectins were prepared. The ferritin coupling of the lectins for electron microscopy was performed by glutarldehyde in the presence of the specific hapten. The specificity of the reactions was demonstrated by blocking with the hapten.     

Cerebello-cortical linkage in the monkey as revealed by transcellular labeling with the lectin wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to the marker horseradish peroxidase

Summary 1. The possibility of a cerebellar linkage, via the thalamus with medial area 6 of the cerebral cortex was further explored in the present experiments (cf. preceding companion paper). 2. It was found that HRP conjugated to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin injected into motor cortical areas was transported beyond the thalamus to the contralateral intracerebellar nuclei when the survival time was 4–7 days. 3. It is suggested that the labeling in the deep cerebellar nuclei occurred via the thalamic relay where cerebellofugal fibre terminals had taken up the marker substance released by corticothalamic fibre terminals or by the retrogradely labeled thalamic perikarya. 4. In general, transcellular labeling of perikarya was weaker than retrograde labeling in the thalamic cells. Some of the nuclear zones in the cerebellum showed relatively dense granulations of the reaction product; in other zones only cells with few granules were seen, and large parts of the nuclei were not labeled at all. 5. The topography of secondary labeling in the cerebellar nuclei depended on the cortical injection sites. In all cases, most labeling was found in the contralateral dentate nucleus. The interposed nucleus received a fair amount of heavy labeling only in the precentral arm and face cases. Very little labeling was seen in the fastigial nucleus and in the cerebellar nuclei ipsilateral to the cortical injections. A somatotopic organization of secondary labeling was noted in the precentral cases with the face being represented caudally, the hindlimb rostrally and the arm between the face and the hindlimb representation. This is in agreement with previous anatomical and electrophysiological investigations. 6. These observations thus lend support to the conclusion that the SMA receives a transthalamic input not only from the basal ganglia but also from the cerebellum, especially from its lateral, neocerebellar portion.Abbreviations AI Nucleus interpositus anterior - CM Nucleus centrum medianum - CSL Nucleus centralis lateralis superior - D Nucleus dentatus - F Nucleus fastigius - I Nucleus interpositus - MD Nucleus medialis dorsalis - NRTP Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis - PI Nucleus interpositus posterior - PN Griseum pontis - SMA Supplementary motor cortex - STh Nucleus subthalamicus - VLc Nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars caudalis - VLo Nucleus ventralis lateralis, pars oralis - VPLo Nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, pars oralis - X Nucleus X     

Sperm peroxidases and their possible role as glycoprotein-containing Con A and wheat germ lectin receptors

Peroxidases have been detected in the membrane of the ejaculated normal spermatozoon; their distribution on the different zones of the gamete has been determined. This distribution is similar to that of the N-linked glycoprotein-containing oligosaccharides. Their resemblance and similarity to the plant peroxidases, which are glycoproteins with N-type oligosaccharides, suggest that the sperm peroxidases might be, at least partially, identical to concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ lectin glycoprotein-containing receptors.     

Freeze-fracture cytochemistry of wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A receptors on the plasma membrane of normal, Bernard-Soulier, and thrombasthenic platelets.

The authors report here the results of fracture-labeling of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (Con A) receptors on the plasma membranes of normal, Bernard-Soulier, and thrombasthenic platelets. In all cases, virtually all of the label was confined to the exoplasmic half of the membrane. Despite the absence of GP Ib in Bernard-Soulier platelets and the absence or strong reduction of Gp IIb and GP IIIa in thrombasthenic platelets, their plasma membranes were strongly labeled by both Con A and WGA. These results are best accounted for by the presence of other glycoproteins and/or glycolipids at the platelet surface.     

Affino-immunoelectrophoresis of haptoglobin with wheat germ agglutinin. Diagnostic significance in ovarian carcinoma

Affino-immunoelectrophoresis with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was applied to the analysis of microheterogenous fractions of human haptoglobin (Hp), present in cancerous ascitic fluids and in sera from patients either with ovarian carcinoma or with inflammatory ovarian disease. Normal and inflammatory sera contained two WGA-dependent Hp fractions: strongly- and weakly-retarded while cancer sera and ascitic fluids: non-retarded and weakly-retarded fractions. The content of WGA-dependent Hp fractions following curative surgery and chemotherapy of the patients was found to resemble the pattern of the control group.     

Rapid enrichment of mouse natural killer cells by use of wheat germ agglutinin

The separation of mouse T and B lymphocytes by differential agglutination with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) also enriches natural killer (NK) activity 2-7-fold. NK cells are recovered within the agglutinated cell population indicating that NK cells bind WGA. This technique can be applied to endogenous or interferon-induced NK cells.     

麦胚凝集素诱导小鼠成纤维细胞L929发生凋亡的研究

目的:研究麦胚凝集素(WGA)是否能够诱导小鼠成纤维细胞L929发生凋亡及其可能的分子机制。方法:分别收集以WGA或琥珀酰化WGA(sWGA)处理24 h的L929细胞,经碘化丙啶染色后,以流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡百分率,同时以荧光显微镜观察吖啶橙染色细胞的形态。结果:WGA处理过的细胞,其DNA亚二倍体峰 (Sub-G₁) 即凋亡峰的百分率明显升高,且与WGA剂量呈正相关;而sWGA处理的细胞则无此现象。同时,荧光显微镜观察发现WGA处理的细胞发生核碎裂,但sWGA无此作用。结论: WGA能诱导L929细胞发生凋亡,而sWGA不能诱导该细胞凋亡,提示WGA结合至细胞表面唾液酸残基是其诱导凋亡所必需;WGA诱导细胞凋亡的能力可部分解释其细胞毒性。