阿仑膦酸钠预防骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者再次骨折的临床研究

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠预防骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者再次骨折的作用。方法将80例骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者随机分为治疗组及对照组,每组40例。2组均应用碳酸钙D3片及阿法骨化醇软胶囊做为基础用药,治疗组加用阿仑膦酸钠。分别于治疗开始前及治疗2年后．检测2组患者腰椎及左侧髋部双能X线骨密度（BMD）,并测定血清I型胶原氨基末端肽（NTX）和骨钙素（OC）浓度,随访再次骨折的发生率。结果阿仑膦酸钠治疗组治疗2年,腰椎及左侧髋部BMD均不同程度提高,血清NTX及OC则不同程度降低,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组BMD均不同程度下降,血清NTX及OC则不同程度升高,但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。2年治疗中,治疗组发生2例再次骨折事件,对照组发生8例再次骨折事件,两组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论阿仑膦酸钠能够有效降低骨转换率、增加BMD,预防骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者再次骨折的发生。     

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of alendronate for the prevention of hip fractures in postmenopausal women

Treatment with alendronate, a potent and specific inhibitor of bone resorption, is known to significantly reduce fracture risk among women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the consistency of the effect of alendronate in reducing the risk of hip fracture among different studies and populations. Data from completed, randomized, treatment studies were pooled in a meta-analysis. The duration of the studies ranged from 1–4.5 years. The dose of alendronate ranged from 5–20 mg/day, with over 95% of patients receiving either 5 or 10 mg/day during the trials. In patients with a T-score of less than or equal to –2.0, or with a vertebral fracture, the effect on hip fracture risk consistently favored patients receiving alendronate therapy, with an overall reduction in risk of hip fracture of 45% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16% to 64%, P=0.007]. For patients who met the criteria of osteoporosis, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), the overall risk reduction was 55% (95% CI 29% to 72%, P=0.0008). In both analyses we performed a sensitivity analysis by removing one study at a time. The strength of the evidence was not dependent on any one study. We conclude that therapy with alendronate is associated with significant and clinically important reductions in the incidence of hip fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The overall reduction is consistent among different patient populations.     

Bone mineral density in chinese elderly women with hip fracture

In order to examine the status of osteoporosis of the patients with hip fracture, we assessed the bone mineral density (BMD) of the contralateral hip of 81 elderly females with hip fracture and compared those with 77 normal Chinese women. The age of fracture subjects was 73.5±6.6 years (mean±SD), and 69.2±6.9 years for the controls. All of these fractures were caused by minor trauma, such as falls from a standing position or slipping to the ground. The Norland 2600 dual-photon absorptiometer (DPA) was used to evaluated the BMD in the femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle areas. The BMD for the fracture subjects was significantly lower than those of the controls. By linear regression, the probability of fracture increased exponentially with age and low BMD. The mean BMD for femoral neck of the fracture subjects versus controls was 0.556 versus 0.624 g/cm²; for trochanter: 0.505 versus 0.566 g/cm²; for Ward's triangle: 0.432 versus 0.485 g/cm². Both negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were acceptable at the prevalence of hip fracture of 5% or 20% and at a cutoff point of 0.65 g/cm². These data revealed that the degree of relative osteoporosis in the patients with hip fractures was more severe than that of controls.     

Bone mineral density and walking ability of elderly patients with hip fracture: a strategy for prevention of hip fracture

The main risk factors for proximal femoral fracture include the hazard of falling and osteoporosis. The change in walking ability of patients before injury was evaluated over the last 10 years in a rapidly advancing aging society in Tokyo, Japan. The bone quality of patients was clarified in order to develop a strategy for prevention of hip fractures. The subjects were 157 women with proximal femoral fractures treated between 1989 and 1993 (group A) and 216 women treated between 1999 and 2003 (group B). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the radius of the patients showed slightly lower values than those of the elderly general population, but no statistically significant difference was observed in each age group except for the 75-79-year-old age group (p<0.05). Many patients had problems in walking, and 27% of patients in group A and 44% in group B could not walk outdoors or go shopping alone before the injury, and their bone mineral density was reduced. For the prevention of hip fractures, it is important to improve the physical function to avoid falls, which directly cause hip fracture. Patients who have difficulty performing effective physical exercise because of reduced walking ability require medication for osteoporosis.     

Impairment of bone turnover in elderly women with hip fracture

Summary Hip fracture is one of the most severe consequences of osteoporosis affecting aged women. However, abnormalities of bone turnover responsible for bone loss in this condition have not been clearly defined. To further evaluate the bone metabolic status of women sustaining hip fracture, we have prospectively measured serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone formation and urinary excretion of pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (D-pyr) cross-links as markers of bone collagen degradation in 174 independently living women (80 ± 8 years) within a few hours after a hip fracture. Comparison was made with 77 age-matched controls (80 ± 5 years) and 17 premenopausal women (39 ± 3 years). In addition 15 of the patients were followed with daily measurements during the first postoperative week. At the time of admission osteocalcin was 20% lower in the fractured women compared to the elderly controls (7.6 ± 3.8 vs. 9.5 ± 4.5 nglml,P = 0.001). Pyr and D-pyr were 36% and 40% higher, respectively (P = 0.0001), than in elderly controls and 85% and 76% higher than in premenopausal controls (P = 0.0001). Serum osteocalcin did not correlate with the cortisol level measured at the same time (r = 0.03, ns), nor with serum albumin and creatinine. Serum osteocalcin remained unchanged within 18 hours after fracture, whereafter it progressively decreased until the third postoperative day. No correlation was noted between the excretion of pyridinoline cross-links and the time elapsed from fracture.These data suggest that the abnormal levels of osteocalcin and pyridinolines are unrelated to traumatically induced acute changes, but reflect abnormalities of bone turnover existing prior to the fracture. Thus, hip-fracture patients have biochemical evidence of decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption when compared to age-matched controls. We suggest that these abnormalities may play a role in the decrease of the bone mass and the consequently increased bone fragility that characterize the osteoporotic hip fracture in the elderly.     

Low serum concentrations of Irisin are associated with increased risk of hip fracture in Chinese older women

Objective

Irisin derived from muscle in response to exercise may be the molecular entity responsible for muscle wasting-osteoporosis connectivity in the elderly. The objective of the study was to determine whether serum Irisin (sIrisin) provides information on hip fracture prediction which were independent of bone mineral density (BMD) and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) algorithm.

Risk factors for contra-lateral hip fracture in elderly patients with previous hip fracture

Introduction

Contra-lateral hip fractures in elderly patients with a previous hip fracture increase the incidence of complications and socioeconomic burden. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of contra-lateral hip fracture in elderly patients.

Materials and methods

Among 1093 patients treated for a hip fracture, 47 patients sustained a contra-lateral hip fracture. These patients were compared with 141 patients with a unilateral hip fracture (controls).

Results

The incidence of contra-lateral hip fracture was 4.3% among the 1093 patients treated for a hip fracture at our institute. A contra-lateral hip fracture occurred within 2 years of initial fracture in 66%, and subsequently, the annual incidence rate decreased. A similar fracture pattern was noted in 70% of patients who sustained an intertrochanteric fracture. In terms of preoperative factors, respiratory disease (OR 2.57, P = 0.032) and visual impairment (OR 2.51, P = 0.012) were higher in patients with a contra-lateral hip fracture than in controls, and for postoperative factors, the proportions of patients with postoperative delirium (OR 2.91, P = 0.022), late onset of rehabilitation (OR 1.05, P = 0.023), and poor ambulatory status at 3 months (OR 1.34, P = 0.002) were also significantly higher in patients than in controls.

Conclusions

Postoperative delirium and underlying visual impairment and respiratory disease could be risk factors of contra-lateral fracture in elderly patients. Early and active rehabilitation after surgery is important to prevent the occurrence of contra-lateral hip fracture in the elderly.     

阿仑膦酸钠治疗男性骨质疏松症临床研究

目的 探讨阿仑膦酸钠对男性骨质疏松症患者骨密度、血生化及骨标志物的影响.方法 选择2012年1月～2013年1月在我科门诊及住院50岁以上男性骨质疏松患者共169例,每人每天服用元素钙600 mg,活性维生素D0.25 μg作为基础补充剂,每周服用阿仑膦酸钠70 mg,共治疗12个月.观察骨密度、骨标志物等指标,骨密度测定采用双能X线吸收法,骨标志物测定采用酶联免疫吸附法.结果 研究结果显示,治疗1年后,L2、L3、L2～4、Neck、Ward's三角骨密度分别为0.791±0.150 g/cm2、0.817±0.149 g/cm2、0.827±0.154 g/cm2、0.875±0.153 g/cm2、0.703±0.138 g/cm2、0.522±0.133 g/cm2,均较治疗前0.772±0.144 g/cm2、0.800±0.156 g/cm2、0.861-±0.168 g/cm2、0.685±0.109 g/cm2、0.490 ±0.121 g/cm2有明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其他部位骨密度无明显差异(P＞0.05);治疗后血清CTX、BGP、BAP为0.20±0.11 ng/ml、7.73±4.11 ng/ml、14.57±7.20 ng/ml,较治疗前0.32±0.23 ng/ml、11.39±5.6 ng/ml、16.17±8.81 ng/ml显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 阿仑膦酸钠能有效降低破骨细胞活性,抑制骨破坏,显著提高骨量,对老年男性骨质疏松疗效显著.     

Sustained response to intravenous alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis

We studied the effects of alendronate (amino-hydroxybutylidene bisphosphonate) on biochemical indices of bone turnover and on lumbar spinal bone mineral density in 15 postmenopausal women with vertebral osteoporosis. Alendronate 7.5 mg daily was administered intravenously as a slow infusion for four consecutive days. Treatment was associated with a significant decrease in serum calcium (p < 0.01), fasting urinary calcium excretion (p < 0.01) and hydroxyproline excretion within several days followed a later decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity that showed a significant reduction at two months after treatment (p < 0.05). Serum calcium reverted to pretreatment values by the second week after infusion, but the decrease in alkaline phosphatase, urinary calcium, and hydroxyproline excretion persisted to six months after infusion. There was a 3% mean increase in lumbar bone mineral density at six months (p < 0.01). A transient lymphopenia or leucopenia was noted in eight patients and a short-lived fever in six. No other side effects were observed. This study demonstrates that short-term exposure to high intravenous doses of alendronate induces suppression of bone resorption in osteoporosis that persists for at least 6 months after infusion. We conclude that a short exposure to high intravenous doses induces sustained effects on bone turnover in much the same manner as that observed in Paget's disease of bone.     

骨密度结合股骨近端几何参数预测老年髋部骨折

目的研究老年人骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)值结合股骨近端几何参数是否能提高骨质疏松性髋部骨折危险性的预测。方法将85例绝经后妇女髋部骨折患者按骨折类型分组, 其中52例股骨颈骨折,33例转子间骨折。对照组100例老年女性。在骨盆片上测量股骨近端几何参数,在股骨颈、Ward’s三角和转子处测量BMD值,对结果进行统计学处理分析。结果骨折组的BMD值均低于对照组(P<0．01);股骨干皮质厚度与股骨颈BMD值有相关性(r=0．45,P< 0．01);逐步线性回归分析结果显示股骨距内侧皮质厚度、转子处BMD值、颈干角和Ward’s三角 BMD值相结合是预测髋部骨折最好方法(r=0．74,r2=0．53,P<0．01)。结论骨密度值结合放射学测量股骨近端几何参数能提高对骨质疏松性髋部骨折及骨折类型的预测。     

Femoral and spinal bone mineral density in Japanese osteoporotics with hip fracture

In the present study, bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck and lumbar spine was compared between 38 Japanese female patients with hip fracture (age 63–89 years, mean±SD 76±7 years) and 162 age-matched female controls (age 62–90 years, mean±SD 75±7 years). BMD was measured in the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L2–4) using dual-photon absorptiometry (Norland model 2600). BMD values of femoral neck as well as lumbar spine were significantly lower in patients with hip fracture than in controls (0.504±0.097 v 0.597±0.101,p<0.01, for femoral neck; 0.661±0.146 v 0.720±0.128,p<0.05, for lumbar spine). Patients with hip fracture and controls were stratified according to their BMD levels at two measuring sites, and the ratio of the number of patients and controls at each BMD level was calculated as an indicator of fracture rate. This ratio showed an exponential increase as the femoral neck BMD declined, but only a gradual increase as the lumbar spine BMD declined. Specificity-sensitivity analysis revealed that BMD values of 0.59 and 0.54 g/cm² at the femoral neck provided a specificity of 52% and 68% with a sensitivity of 90% and 75%, respectively. These findings suggest that Japanese patients with hip fracture are more osteoporotic than age-matched controls and that the selective measurement of femoral neck would be useful for predicting the risk of hip fracture.     

骨折病史对中老年人群髋部骨密度影响的研究

目的 利用NHANES数据库分析50岁之前骨折病史是否影响患者50岁后的髋部骨密度。方法 纳入NHANES数据库5个调查年份的人群数据，通过筛查选出完成髋部骨密度检查并完成自我报告骨折病史调查者，通过统计学分析比较骨折组与非骨折组髋部骨密度的差异。结果 共纳入研究个体10 476例，其中非骨折组9 536人，骨折组940人，骨折组男性比率明显高于女性。骨折组人群平均年龄(62.8±9.1)岁，BMI值(29.24±5.77) kg/m2，非骨折组人群平均年龄(64.7±9.5)岁，BMI值为(28.55±5.59) kg/m2，结果差异有统计学意义。骨折组人群的合并症中肾功能障碍及关节炎显著高于非骨折组。协方差分析结果提示骨折组的髋部骨密度，股骨颈、大转子、转子间及Ward三角骨密度均显著下降。亚组分析结果显示髋部骨折组及腕部骨折组的骨密度均显著下降，而脊柱骨折组患者骨密度差异无统计学意义。结论 50岁之前骨折病史将会导致患者50岁之后髋部骨密度显著下降，尤其是腕部骨折及髋部骨折病史。     

老年女性髋部骨折与DXA骨强度参数的相关性研究

目的探讨髋部骨强度参数对老年女性髋部骨折的影响。方法对2014年10月-2017年2月至南京市中医院骨伤科就诊体检、年龄大于60岁的受试者进行双能X线测定,并收集受试者髋部骨折病史等临床资料进行回顾性分析。共纳入93名受试者,按骨折史分为髋部骨折组33人,胸腰椎骨折组32人,正常组28人,对骨密度、髋部几何参数及髋部力学参数进行统计学分析。结果股骨颈BMD(g/cm~2)、全髋BMD(g/cm2)、股骨颈皮质比率(%)、股骨颈最小宽度(mm)、d3(mm)、y(mm)等参数与老年女性髋部骨折具有显著相关性。结论本项研究基于双能X线测定法,发现部分髋部几何力学参数与老年女性髋部骨折相关,具有重要的临床指导意义,同时改变了单一的"低骨量—高骨折风险"预测模式,形成"骨密度+髋部几何力学分析"多元化模式,可有效提高老年女性髋部骨折风险的预测能力。     

乌司他丁对老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄的影响

目的评价围术期静脉输注乌司他丁对老年患者髋部骨折术后谵妄(POD)的影响。方法选择择期行髋部骨折手术的老年患者96例,男38例,女58例,年龄70~93岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:乌司他丁组(U组)和对照组(C组),每组48例。麻醉方式均采用腰-硬联合麻醉+髂筋膜间隙阻滞。U组于切皮前、术后第1天和第2天静脉泵入乌司他丁5 000U/kg;C组给予等容积生理盐水。术后1~3d采用意识错乱评估法(CAM)评定POD的发生情况。分别于麻醉前(T0)、术毕(T_1)和术后第3天(T2)采集外周静脉血5ml,采用ELISA法检测血清IL-6和S100β的水平。结果 C组POD发生13例(28.2%),U组POD发生2例(4.3%),U组POD发生率明显低于C组(P0.05);与T0时比较,T_1、T_2时C组血清IL-6和IL-10水平明显升高(P0.05);T_1、T_2时U组血清IL-6水平明显低于C组(P0.05)。与T_0时比较,T_1时C组S100β水平明显升高(P0.05);T_1时U组血清S100β水平明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论乌司他丁降低老年髋部骨折患者POD发生率,机制可能与抑制血清促炎症因子IL-6和S100β的过度释放相关。     

阿伦膦酸盐对绝经后骨质疏松妇女骨密度的影响

为了解阿伦膦酸盐对骨密度的影响及其安全性和耐受性,对２０名绝经后骨质疏松的妇女中进行阿伦膦酸盐（ａｌｅｎｄｒｏｎａｔｅ）１０ｍｇ／天和安慰剂的随机、双盲、前瞻性研究,为期一年。结果显示,１年后阿伦膦酸盐组与安慰剂组相比,骨密度平均增长率：椎骨分别为４．８７％与－０．２３％;股骨颈分别为６．８９％与－１．８４％,（Ｐ＜０．０５）。副反应仅为轻微胃肠道反应。结论：阿伦膦酸盐能有效增加骨密度,且药物安全,耐受性好     

老年髋部骨折术后1年急性脑血管事件发生危险因素及预后分析

目的:探讨老年髋部骨折术后1年内发生急性脑血管事件的危险因素及预后影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月至2020年12月收治老年髋部骨折320例,男111例,女209例;年龄60～101(79.05±8.48)岁。根据术后1年内是否发生急性脑血管事件,将患者分为脑血管事件和无脑血管事件组。收集患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、合并症、骨折类型、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、白蛋白、独立生活能力(activities of daily living,ADL)评分、行走能力、麻醉方式、手术方式和住院时间,通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析老年髋部骨折术后1年内急性脑血管事件的独立危险因素,比较两组术后1年ADL、行走能力和死亡率等。结果:术后1年内38例(11.9%)发生急性脑血管事件,脑血管事件组男20例,女18例,年龄(82.53±7.91)岁;非脑血管事件组男91例,女191例,年龄(78.59±8.46)岁。单因素分析结果显示急性脑血管事件与年龄(t=2.712,P=0.007)、男性(χ²=6.129,P=0.013)、高血压病(χ²...     

Hip fracture patients have generalized osteopenia with a preferential deficit in the femur

Bone density was measured in 31 white women with hip fractures by single- and dual-photon absorptiometry at the radius, lumbar spine and proximal femur. The mean age was 71.4 years. Comparison with premenopausal normals revealed Z-scores as follows: radius, –1.75; spine, –1.45; femoral neck, –2.40; Ward's triangle, –2.41; and trochanter, –1.42. These values altered when calculated for the patient's age by the use of sex-and race-specific regressions against age in a healthy, non-fracture population. The age-corrected Z-scores were as follows: radius, –0.09; spine, –0.18; femoral neck, –0.79; Ward's triangle, –0.44; and trochanter, –0.80. Thus, although our patients had absolute osteopenia at all skeletal sites when compared with young normals, when compared with age-matched normals (relative osteopenia) the only site with a noticeable deficit was the femur. Interpretation of the extent of osteopenia by comparison with young normals may lead to different conclusions than when an age-matched population is used. Patients with hip fractures had a preferential deficit in density of the femur when compared with normal women of their age.     

Predictive value of six risk scores for outcome after surgical repair of hip fracture in elderly patients

Background: Hip fracture surgery is associated with high post‐operative mortality and poor functional results: the excess mortality is 20% in the first year; of those patients who survive, only 50% recover their previous ability to walk. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of six functional status and/or surgical risk scoring systems with regard to serious complications after hip fracture surgery in the elderly. Methods: We performed a prospective study of a consecutive series of 232 patients (aged 65 years or older) undergoing hip fracture surgery. We pre‐operatively applied: The American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, the Barthel index, the Goldman index, the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) scoring system, the Charlson index and the Visual Analogue Scale for Risk (RISK‐VAS) scale. These scales were evaluated with respect to three variables: incidence of serious complications, the ability to walk after a 3‐month period and 90‐day survival. The predictive value of the different scales was assessed by the calculated area under a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The RISK‐VAS scale, the POSSUM scoring system and the Charlson index reached a sufficient predictive value with regard to serious post‐operative complications. The Barthel index and the RISK‐VAS scale were those most useful for predicting ambulation at 3 months. None of the scales proved to be capable of predicting 90‐day mortality. Conclusions: A simple index such as the RISK‐VAS scale was the best predictor of serious post‐operative complications. The functional level before the fracture, measured with the Barthel index, had a major influence on the ambulation recovery.     

老年髋部骨折患者术后并发脑梗塞防治策略

目的探索老年患者髋部骨折术后并发脑梗塞防治策略。方法对38例老年患者髋部骨折术后并发脑梗塞进行临床资料分析,确诊脑梗塞后常规、急性期、后期等系统康复治疗,进行疗效分析。结果术后随访时间6个月～8年,平均5.2年。死亡16例,22例均有不同程度的康复,其中15例生活能自理。结论老年患者髋部骨折术后并发脑梗塞,避免一些医源性因素,术中、术后进行正确预防和治疗,有效地预防和治疗这种并发症。     

Predictors of bone loss after hip fracture

Although accelerated bone mineral density (BMD) loss follows hip fracture, little is known about factors associated with this loss. We examined potential predictors of BMD loss in a cohort of community-dwelling women who had sustained hip fracture and who were followed for 1 year after fracture. BMD was measured at the femoral neck, intertrochanteric region, and total body, during hospitalization and 2, 6, and 12 months later. Demographic, health, lifestyle, clinical, surgical, and functional characteristics at baseline, and postfracture activity were evaluated for associations with baseline BMD and BMD 1 year later. To examine possible BMD-dependent effects, high and low baseline BMD groups were defined. None of the studied factors consistently predicted either baseline BMD or BMD at 1 year after fracture, among women with either high or low baseline BMD. Baseline BMD was the only factor that substantially and consistently predicted change, explaining 70% to 90% of variation. These results suggest that BMD will not be preserved by general rehabilitative measures and that prompt, specific intervention to minimize bone loss after hip fracture is an essential element of clinical management of the hip fracture patient.