肥厚心肌细胞钠通道电流

目的 探讨自发高血压大鼠(SHR)肥厚心肌钠通道电流的动态演变规律及与左心室肥厚的关系.方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录10、24和34周龄SHR左心室心肌钠通道电流及膜电容,同时测定大鼠动脉收缩压和左心室质量指数,以10周龄Wistar大鼠为对照组.结果 (1)SHR的左心室质量指数及膜电容明显大于Wistar大鼠(P＜0.01).在SHR中,各组大鼠的膜电容和左心室质量指数具有明显差别(P＜0.01).(2)10周龄和24周龄SHR肥厚心肌钠通道电流密度与10周龄Wistar大鼠比较无明显变化(P＞0.05);34周龄SHR肥厚心肌钠通道电流密度＞10周龄Wistar大鼠[(-18.3±1.9 )pA/pF vs (-15.3±2.0)pA/pF,P＜0.05).(3)钠通道电流密度与左心室质量指数呈正相关关系(r=0.879, P＜0.01).结论 左心室肥厚越明显,钠通道电流密度越升高.     

肥厚心肌细胞钠通道电流

目的探讨自发高血压大鼠(SHR)肥厚心肌钠通道电流的动态演变规律及与左心室肥厚的关系。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录10、24和34周龄SHR左心室心肌钠通道电流及膜电容,同时测定大鼠动脉收缩压和左心室质量指数,以10周龄Wistar大鼠为对照组。结果(1)SHR的左心室质量指数及膜电容明显大于Wistar大鼠(P<0.01)。在SHR中,各组大鼠的膜电容和左心室质量指数具有明显差别(P<0.01)。(2)10周龄和24周龄SHR肥厚心肌钠通道电流密度与10周龄Wistar大鼠比较无明显变化(P>0.05);34周龄SHR肥厚心肌钠通道电流密度>10周龄Wistar大鼠[(-18.3±1.9)pA/pFvs(-15.3±2.0)pA/pF,P<0.05)。(3)钠通道电流密度与左心室质量指数呈正相关关系(r=0.879,P<0.01)。结论左心室肥厚越明显,钠通道电流密度越升高。     

自发高血压大鼠肥厚心肌L型钙通道电流变化及与左室肥厚的关系

目的探讨自发高血压大鼠肥厚心肌L型钙通道电流的动态演变规律及与左室肥厚的关系。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录10,24和34周龄组(n均为10)自发高血压大鼠左室心肌L型钙通道电流(ICa-L)及膜电容(MC),同时测定大鼠动脉收缩压(SBP)和左室质量指数(LVMI),以10周龄Wistar大鼠为对照组(n=10)。结果①自发高血压大鼠的LVMI及MC明显大于对照组(P<0.01)。在自发高血压大鼠中,各周龄组的MC和LVMI具有明显差别(P<0.01)。②10周龄组ICa-L电流密度明显大于对照组(-7.2±0.9pA/pFvs-5.7±0.6pA/pF,P<0.05),34周龄组ICa-L电流密度明显小于对照组(-4.2±0.3pA/pFvs-5.7±0.6pA/pF,P<0.05)。③ICa-L电流密度与LVMI呈负相关关系(r=-0.95,P<0.01),同时LVMI和大鼠周龄是影响ICa-L电流密度的主要因素(P<0.01)。结论左室肥厚越明显,ICa-L电流密度越降低。     

自发性高血压大鼠左心室肌细胞动作电位延长的离子机制

目的:研究自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肌细胞动作电位时程延长的膜离子流基础.方法:应用酶解方法分离获得正常血压Wistar大鼠和SHR的左心室肌细胞,采用玻璃微电极技术记录动作电位,膜片钳全细胞记录膜离子流,对比正常心室肌细胞和肥大心室肌细胞间动作电位及膜离子流差别.结果:(1)SHR和Wistar大鼠的心脏/体重比分别为5.66±0.46 mg/g和3.7±0.29 mg/g (P<0.001) ,细胞平均膜电容分别为280.68±67.98 pF 和189.94±56.59 pF(P<0.05).提示SHR 心脏肥厚、心肌细胞增大;(2)SHR动作电位APD50和APD90较Wistar大鼠明显延长(21.33±1.56 ms vs 14.91±2.95 ms,P<0.001; 164.6±74 ms vs 93.27±10.59 ms,P<0.00 1),说明SHR心室肌细胞存在复极延迟;(3)SHR的平均ICa-L幅值显著大于Wistar大鼠,分别为1944±466.8 pA和1136±33.3 pA(P<0.001),电流密度二者间无差异(6.932±1.7 1 pA/pF vs 6.19±2.85 pA/pF) ,但SHR的慢失活时间常数明显延长(56.01±13.36 ms vs 43.63±17.89 ms,P<0.001);(4)S HR的Ik1内向电流密度显著小于Wistar大鼠(11.3±2.26 pA/pF vs 14.33 pA/pF,P<0.05),外向电流密度二者间差异无显著性(2.36±0.86 pA/pF vs 2.96±1.27 pA/pF);(5)SHR的Ik密度与Wista r大鼠间无差别(12.38±5.46 pA/pF vs 11.86±3.59 pA/pF);(6)SHR的Ito密度显著地低于Wistar 大鼠(+70 mV时, 8.21±6.64 pA/pF vs 19.16±6.17 pA/pF, P<0.001).但通道的激活和失活时间常数二者无差异,提示Ito的降低可能仅是通道数减少所致.结论:SHR左心室肌细胞动作电位时程延长系外向复极钾流(Ito、Ik1)减小和慢钙通道失活时间常数延长所致.     

新型ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂Iptakalim对慢性缺氧大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌细胞钾电流的影响

目的探讨慢性缺氧对大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌细胞外向性钾电流的影响,及新型ATP敏感性钾(KATP)通道开放剂Iptakalim对此时钾电流的作用。方法SD雄性大鼠28只随机分成正常组、缺氧组[O2(10±0.5)%]、低剂量治疗组(每日缺氧前30min Iptakalim0.75mg·kg-1灌胃)、高剂量治疗组(每日缺氧前30min Iptakalim1.5mg·kg-1灌胃),将缺氧组和已灌胃的大鼠放入常压缺氧舱制作动物模型。4周后,急性分离大鼠动脉平滑肌细胞,用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录细胞外向性钾电流;通过浴槽内给药,观察Iptakalim对钾电流的影响。结果Iptakalim0.1,1,10,100μmol/L呈浓度依赖性增加正常大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌外向钾电流,格列本脲30μmol/L可拮抗Iptakalim10μmol/L对钾电流的增强作用;与对照组大鼠相比,慢性缺氧大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌细胞钾电流下降,电流密度减小(690±450)pA/pFvs(420±250)pA/pF(P<0.01),膜电容增大到(4.29±1.78)pF(P<0.01),电流-电压(I-V)曲线下移;与缺血氧组相比,每日缺氧前口服Iptakalim,细胞膜电容减小为(3.09±1.71)(P<0.01),电流密度增大到(610±320)pA/pF(P<0.01)。结论慢性缺氧抑制大鼠肺内动脉平滑肌细胞钾通道,灌服Iptakalim可拮抗慢性缺氧对KATP通道的抑制作用。     

通心络对豚鼠肥厚心肌电压依赖性钾通道的影响

目的观察通心络对腹主动脉缩窄高血压豚鼠心肌肥厚的影响,探讨其抗心律失常可能的机制。方法选择豚鼠60只,随机分为假手术组、模型组和通心络组,每组20只。假手术组只分离腹主动脉,不做结扎,灌胃8周。模型组及通心络组采用腹主动脉缩窄法建立心肌肥厚模型成功后,分别以蒸馏水、通心络溶于蒸馏水灌胃8周。测量各组舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVSTD)、左心室舒张末期后壁厚度(LVPWTD),记录心肌细胞膜电容、慢激活延迟整流钾电流通道(Iks)及快激活延迟整流钾电流通道(Ikr)电流密度。结果与假手术组比较,模型组和通心络组IVSTD和LVPWTD明显升高,且通心络组IVSTD及LVPWTD明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义[(1.65±0.06)mmvs(1.88±0.05)mm,(1.74±0.11)mmvs(2.19±0.12)mm,P0.05]。3组心肌细胞膜电容比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。通心络组心肌细胞Ikr、Iks电流密度明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义[(2.46±0.21)pA/pF vs(3.16±0.21)pA/pF,(10.09±1.07)pA/pF vs(13.76±0.19)pA/pF,P0.05]。结论通心络能阻断肥厚心肌细胞异常增大的电压依赖性钾离子电流,可能是干预肥厚心肌细胞电生理异常的重要机制之一。     

大鼠压力负荷性心力衰竭进展过程中三磷酸腺苷敏感性钾通道功能观察

目的 建立压力负荷性心力衰竭(心衰)大鼠模型,在模拟缺血的条件下,研究心衰发展的不同阶段大鼠左室心肌细胞膜三磷酸腺苷敏感性钾通道(K_(APT)通道)的功能变化.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分配到4周假手术组(F4)11只、12周假手术组(F12)10只、4周手术组(T4)13只和12周手术组(T12)10只.使用腹主动脉缩窄法建立大鼠心衰模型.通过右侧颈总动脉插管记录血流动力学指标.使用改良的Langendorff法分离大鼠左室心肌细胞.应用全细胞膜片钳技术,在电压钳模式下,记录F4、T4、F12、T12各组大鼠左室心肌细胞在正常状态及模拟缺血液灌流条件下K_(ATP)通道电流情况,比较0 mV电压下各组电流密度大小.结果 动脉收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压从术后4周开始明显升高,但是到12周的时候有所降低.左心室舒张末压和左心室内压上升/下降最大速率在T4组没有明显变化,在T12组左心室舒张末压明显升高而左心室内压上升/下降最大速率明显降低.膜片钳实验结果显示,基础状态下,全细胞膜电流密度在各组之间差异均无统计学意义,但是在模拟缺血液灌流25 min时,T12组大鼠K_(ATP)通道的开放幅度比F12组明显增加,电流密度明显增大[(28.11±3.91)pA/pF比(11.55±1.17)pA/pF,P<0.01],而T4组与F4组之间差异无统计学意义[(14.09±5.74)pA/pF比(11.74±3.68)pA/pF,P>0.05].无论是T12组还是T4组,大鼠心肌中K(ATP)通道的基因表达并没有增多.结论 成功构建压力负荷性大鼠心衰模型,T4组心肌肥厚,T12组呈慢性心衰.心肌细胞膜K_(ATP)通道在慢性心衰期对缺血的敏感性增强,全细胞膜电流明显增大,而这种反应发生在心肌细胞K_(ATP)通道表达增多之前.     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。     

肺动脉平滑肌细胞钾电流记录方法的建立

目的 在肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)上建立钙离子激活钾通道(calcium-activated potassium channel,KCa)电流、电压门控钾通道(voltage-gated potassium channel,Ky)电流和内向整流钾通道(Inward rectifier channel,Ku)电流的记录方法 .方法 用急性酶解的方法 分离出单个大鼠PASMC,利用全细胞膜片钳方法 记录钾电流.结果 ①急性酶解分离得到高质量的单个大鼠PASMC,呈梭形,边界清楚,胞浆均匀透亮.②Kv电流可以被5 mmol/L4-AP明显抑制,使电流-电压关系曲线明显下移,在55 mV时,Kv电流密度从(133.86±7.36)pA/pF减少到(59.09±3.35)pA/pF(n=6,P<0.05).③1 mmol/L TEA对KCa电流有明显抑制作用,使电流-电压关系曲线明显下移,在55 mV时,KCa电流密度从(9.03±1.42)pA/pF减少到(2.12±0.52)pA/pF(n=7,P<0.05).④KATP电流可以被10 μmol/L尼可地尔激活,使电流-电压关系曲线明显上移,在50 mV时,Kv电流密度从(29.08±5.90)pA/pF增加到(88.90±7.98)pA/pF(n=10,P<0.05).结论 在肺动脉平滑肌细胞上成功地建立了KCa、Kv和Kir电流的记录方法 ,可以为肺动脉相关疾病的发病机制和治疗方案的探索,提供有效的细胞模型基础.     

心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流在阿霉素诱导鼠扩张型心肌病模型中的变化

目的:探讨瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)在阿霉素诱导鼠扩张型心肌病模型心室电重构中的可能作用。方法:将40只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为模型组(20只)和对照组(20只)。模型组采用阿霉素腹腔注射建立心肌病模型后获取心肌细胞,采用膜片钳技术检测Ito。结果:模型组心肌细胞Ito电流密度显著低于对照组[(16.25±9.36)pA/pF︰(36.51±5.41)pA/pF,P0.05],心肌细胞膜电容显著高于对照组[(75.92±23.40)pF︰(59.67±15.75)pF,P0.05],Ito的电流-压力曲线较对照组明显下降。结论:心室肌细胞Ito电流明显减少可能是阿霉素诱导鼠心肌病模型心室电重构的重要离子流变化。     

Tuning the ion selectivity of tetrameric cation channels by changing the number of ion binding sites

Selective ion conduction across ion channel pores is central to cellular physiology. To understand the underlying principles of ion selectivity in tetrameric cation channels, we engineered a set of cation channel pores based on the nonselective NaK channel and determined their structures to high resolution. These structures showcase an ensemble of selectivity filters with a various number of contiguous ion binding sites ranging from 2 to 4, with each individual site maintaining a geometry and ligand environment virtually identical to that of equivalent sites in K(+) channel selectivity filters. Combined with single channel electrophysiology, we show that only the channel with four ion binding sites is K(+) selective, whereas those with two or three are nonselective and permeate Na(+) and K(+) equally well. These observations strongly suggest that the number of contiguous ion binding sites in a single file is the key determinant of the channel's selectivity properties and the presence of four sites in K(+) channels is essential for highly selective and efficient permeation of K(+) ions.     

Autonomic Regulation of Voltage-Gated Cardiac Ion Channels

Altering voltage-gated ion channel currents, by changing channel number or voltage-dependent kinetics, regulates the propagation of action potentials along the plasma membrane of individual cells and from one cell to its neighbors. Functional increases in the number of cardiac sodium channels (Na_V1.5) at the myocardial sarcolemma are accomplished by the regulation of caveolae by β adrenergically stimulated G-proteins. We demonstrate that Na_V1.5, Ca_V1.2a, and K_V1.5 channels specifically localize to isolated caveolar membranes, and to punctate regions of the sarcolemma labeled with caveolin-3. In addition, we show that Na_V1.5, Ca_V1.2a, and K_V1.5 channel antibodies label the same subpopulation of isolated caveolae. Plasma membrane sheet assays demonstrate that Na_V1.5, Ca_V1.2a, and K_V1.5 cluster with caveolin-3. This may have interesting implications for the way in which adrenergic pathways alter the cardiac action potential morphology and the velocity of the excitatory wave.     

Structure and regulation of L-type calcium channels a current assessment of the properties and roles of channel subunits

L-type Ca channels are complex heteromultimeric proteins that play important roles in the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have revealed new insights into how the pore-forming ₁ subunits interact with accessory subunits to produce functional Ca channels. The function of L-type Ca channels is often regulated by receptor-mediated signal transduction events that are thought to result in the phosphorylation of proteins that comprise the Ca channels. Although the molecular events underlying phosphorylation based regulation have been intensely investigated with the use of electrophysiological approaches, surprisingly few details are known about the biochemical events involved, and many questions remain unanswered. © 1996, Elsevier Science Inc. (Trends Cardiovasc Med 1996;6:265–273).     

Mechanistic basis of bell-shaped dependence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor gating on cytosolic calcium

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor (IP(3)R) is an intracellular Ca(2+) release channel, and its opening is controlled by IP(3) and Ca(2+). A single IP(3) binding site and multiple Ca(2+) binding sites exist on single subunits, but the precise nature of the interplay between these two ligands in regulating biphasic dependence of channel activity on cytosolic Ca(2+) is unknown. In this study, we visualized conformational changes in IP(3)R evoked by various concentrations of ligands by using the FRET between two fluorescent proteins fused to the N terminus of individual subunits. IP(3) and Ca(2+) have opposite effects on the FRET signal change, but the combined effect of these ligands is not a simple summative response. The bell-shaped Ca(2+) dependence of FRET efficiency was observed after the subtraction of the component corresponding to the FRET change evoked by Ca(2+) alone from the FRET changes evoked by both ligands together. A mutant IP(3)R containing a single amino acid substitution at K508, which is critical for IP(3) binding, did not exhibit this bell-shaped Ca(2+) dependence of the subtracted FRET efficiency. Mutation at E2100, which is known as a Ca(2+) sensor, resulted in ～10-fold reduction in the Ca(2+) dependence of the subtracted signal. These results suggest that the subtracted FRET signal reflects IP(3)R activity. We propose a five-state model, which implements a dual-ligand competition response without complex allosteric regulation of Ca(2+) binding affinity, as the mechanism underlying the IP(3)-dependent regulation of the bell-shaped relationship between the IP(3)R activity and cytosolic Ca(2+).     

Molecular structure of an open human KATP channel

K_ATP channels are metabolic sensors that translate intracellular ATP/ADP balance into membrane excitability. The molecular composition of K_ATP includes an inward-rectifier potassium channel (Kir) and an ABC transporter–like sulfonylurea receptor (SUR). Although structures of K_ATP have been determined in many conformations, in all cases, the pore in Kir is closed. Here, we describe human pancreatic K_ATP (hK_ATP) structures with an open pore at 3.1- to 4.0-Å resolution using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Pore opening is associated with coordinated structural changes within the ATP-binding site and the channel gate in Kir. Conformational changes in SUR are also observed, resulting in an area reduction of contact surfaces between SUR and Kir. We also observe that pancreatic hK_ATP exhibits the unique (among inward-rectifier channels) property of PIP₂-independent opening, which appears to be correlated with a docked cytoplasmic domain in the absence of PIP₂.

K _ATP, a K⁺ channel that is gated by intracellular ATP and ADP (1–7), functions in many different cells including pancreatic β-cells (6), heart (8), skeletal muscle (9), smooth muscle (10), and neurons (11). By regulating K⁺ permeability as a function of cytoplasmic ATP and ADP concentrations, K_ATP links membrane electrical excitability to a cell’s energy budget (1). In pancreatic β-cells, this K_ATP-mediated link couples insulin secretion to serum glucose concentration (5, 6, 12–16). K_ATP is thus a pharmacological target for the treatment of type II diabetes (17–19).K_ATP consists of an inward-rectifier potassium channel (Kir) surrounded by four sulphonylurea receptors (SUR) that belong to the ABC transporter family (20–23) (Fig. 1A). Kir, a tetramer with four identical subunits, contains an ATP-binding site on the cytoplasmic domain (CTD) of each subunit (24–26). This site binds ATP with higher affinity than ADP (27). When ATP binds, pore closure is favored and thus the ATP site on Kir is referred to as inhibitory (1, 24). Each SUR subunit contains two adenosine nucleotide binding sites nestled in between two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) (28, 29). These sites are formed when the NBDs engage each other (a process called dimerization) (28, 30, 31). One site, termed the degenerate site because it is incapable of mediating ATP hydrolysis, binds both ATP and ADP. The other, termed the consensus site, mediates ATP hydrolysis and favors ADP binding. Notably, and in contrast to most ABC transporters, Mg^2+-ADP alone is sufficient to dimerize the NBDs (32)—and when dimerization occurs, pore opening is favored (27). The opposing influence of ATP and ADP is central to the regulation of K_ATP gating in cells (1).Open in a separate windowFig. 1.Functional validation of purified human K_ATP (hKir6.2-hSUR1). (A) Locations of inhibitory (red) and activating (green) ATP and ADP in K_ATP. Kir subunit is colored in blue, and SUR subunit is colored in yellow. In all recordings, the membranes do not contain PIP₂. A total of 2 mM MgCl₂ was included in recording buffers. Currents are plotted according to physiological conventions such that inward current is negative. (B) Representative single-channel recording of reconstituted WT hK_ATP at two membrane voltages. Current levels for closed and one and two simultaneously opened channels are labeled as C, O1, and O2. (C) WT hK_ATP was activated by C8-PIP₂ and inhibited by ATP. Although not shown in the figure, ATP inhibition also occurs in the absence of PIP₂. (D) Locations of C166 (purple spheres) and G334 (cyan spheres) in the structural model of WT hKir6.2. Inhibitory ATP is colored in red. (E) hK_ATP (G334D_Kir) was activated by both ATP and ADP. (F) Representative single-channel recording of hK_ATP (C166S_Kir). Current levels for closed and one opened channel are labeled as C and O1. (G) Representative single-channel recording of hK_ATP (C166S_Kir, G334D_Kir). Current levels for closed and one to three simultaneously opened channels are labeled as C, O1, O2, and O3.Even though many molecular structures of K_ATP have been determined (32–39), we still cannot explain how ATP and ADP regulate the gate. All of the structures show the same closed conformation (32–39), so we cannot correlate conformational changes near the binding sites with those near the gate. In this paper, we describe a method for expressing and isolating a human pancreatic K_ATP (hK_ATP) complex composed of independent polypeptides. We show that hK_ATP channels in a reconstituted system exhibit physiological and pharmacological properties similar to those in cells. Then, through mutagenic alteration of the inhibitory ATP-binding site and a gate residue, we produce hK_ATP that exhibits high open probability and no ATP inhibition. Using single-particle cryo-electron miscroscopy (cryo-EM), we characterize hK_ATP with an open pore. From this structure, we correlate protein conformational changes that connect the ATP and ADP regulatory sites to the gate.     

Endothelial‐smooth muscle cell interactions in the regulation of vascular tone in skeletal muscle

The SMCs of skeletal muscle arterioles are intricately sensitive to changes in membrane potential. Upon increasing luminal pressure, the SMCs depolarize, thereby opening VDCCs, which leads to contraction. Mechanisms that oppose this myogenic tone can involve voltage‐dependent and independent dilator pathways, and can be endothelium‐dependent or independent. Of particular interest are the pathways leading to hyperpolarization of SMCs, as these can potentially evoke both local and conducted dilation. This review focuses on three agonists that cause local and conducted dilation in skeletal muscle: ACh, ATP, and KCl. The mechanisms for the release of these agonists during motor nerve stimulation and/or hypoxia, and their actions to open either Ca²⁺‐activated K⁺ channels (K_Ca) or inwardly rectifying K⁺ channels (K_IR) are described. By causing local and conducted dilation, each agonist has the ability to improve skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise and ischemia.     

T-Type Calcium Channel Blockade in the Management of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease

The T-Type calcium channel offers a new therapeutic target for teatment of patients with cardiovascular disease. Mibefradil, a T channel blocker, produces heart rate slowing and coronary vasodilatation but without the negative inotropic effect commonly seen when L-Type channel blockers are used. The present study shows Mibefradil prevents ischemic episodes that are and are not preceded by an increase in heart rate. Although Mibefradil has been withdrawn because of multiple drug interactions, new T-Type calcium channel blockers are under development.     

普罗帕酮对豚鼠心室肌细胞离子通道活性的影响

应用膜片钳全细胞技术研究普罗帕酮对单个心室肌细胞膜离子通道的影响。结果表明：普罗帕酮灌流浓度为１×１０－６，６×１０－６Ｍ时，钠峰值电流分别下降３５．０％、５２．８％，Ｐ均＜０．０１；灌流浓度为１×１０－６，３×１０－６，６×１０－６Ｍ时，Ｌ型钙电流的峰值电流分别下降１８．５％、２８．８％、４５．３％，Ｐ均＜０．０５；对内向整流性钾流基本无影响。可见普罗帕酮不单纯是钠通道阻滞剂，对钙通道也有较强的阻滞作用     

细胞外La~(3+)对内向整流钾通道(IRK1)的阻断作用

本文采用双微电极电压钳 (TEV)法研究细胞外La3+对非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达的内向整流钾通道(IRK1)的阻断作用。细胞外La3+浓度分别为 0 ,0 1,0 3,1,3和 10mmol/L ,K+浓度为 90mmol/L ,可见La3+对IRK1的瞬间电流 (施加电压后 1 5ms)具有La3+浓度依赖性、时间依赖性和电压依赖性阻断作用 ;阻断剂La3+对IRK1的门控特性和外向电流几乎无影响作用 ;细胞外加La3+后反转电位没有变化 ,因而IRK1对之不通透。细胞外La3+在减少IRK1电导的同时增加IRK1的归一化电导。三级指数拟合的结果表明 :拟合的时间常数不随La3+浓度的增减而增减 ,这表明细胞外La3+对IRK1的抑制作用可能通过了表面电荷机制或La3+在通道中的阻断位点在通道表面。因为La3+浓度较低时 ,阻断的效力与La3+浓度较高时的差异不大 ,所以La3+不会通过表面电荷机制进行IRK1阻断的 ,因此La3+是IRK1的一种快速开通道阻断剂 ,其阻断位点在通道表面