泌尿系结石CT征象与手术方式的相关性：NLP研究

目的:以自然语言处理(NLP)方法研究泌尿系结石CT报告征象与临床手术方式的相关性.方法:回顾性选取HIS中因泌尿系结石行CT检查、并在本院行外科处理的住院患者资料,包括CT报告、出院小结中记录的诊疗经过,形成记录文档.使用不同NLP模型研究CT报告中结石的影像特征与手术方式的相关性.结果:共纳入371例连续患者的资料用于分析,其中行经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PNL) 142例,输尿镜碎石术(URL) 190例,输尿管软镜碎石术(IRS) 39例.NLP提取“结石”、“炎症”、“输尿管形态”为关键CT特征,十折交叉验证结果显示,经优化后的NLP对结石手术(URL和PNL)分类符合率为0.730,ROC曲线下面积为0.741.结论:NLP用于CT结石特征分析是可行的,可为临床决策提供一定的帮助.     

泌尿系结石患者手术方式的选择：“临床信息+CT特征”的预测效能

目的:探讨泌尿系结石手术前的临床信息(症状、体征等)和CT报告与手术方式的相关性.方法:选取因泌尿系结石住院治疗的患者的病例资料,导出有完整术前资料的患者文档,以自然语言处理(NLP)技术对文档进行分析,提取加工其中的关键信息,研究术前关键信息与手术方式的相关性.结果:收集连续患者资料371例,行输尿镜碎石术(URI)患者190例,行经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PNL)患者142例,行输尿管软镜碎石术(RIRS)患者39例.利用NLP比较临床信息、CT报告与手术方式的相关性,单纯“CT报告”分类符合率为0.456,ROC曲线下面积为0.608;“CT报告+临床信息”分类符合率为0.461,ROC曲线下面积为0.618.增加临床信息后,NLP模型的分类符合率未见明显变化,但决策树路径变长,节点变多,规则复杂,不利于临床使用.结论:对于拟行手术的泌尿系结石患者,手术前的CT报告与手术方式具有相关性,可为手术方式的临床决策提供直接有效的信息.增加症状和体征的临床信息,不能提高预测手术方式的符合率.     

16层螺旋CT尿路三维重建在泌尿系梗阻性疾病诊断中的价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT低剂量尿路三维成像在泌尿系梗阻性病变诊断中的价值.方法:参照IVU检查方法,对 91例B超、KUB及IVU未明确病因的泌尿系梗阻性病变病例,行16层螺旋CT扫描,利用后处理技术对扫描资料进行三维重建处理.结果:16层螺旋CT尿路造影清晰显示泌尿系的解剖结构,以及病变和尿路之间的空间关系.91例患者中,泌尿系结石51例,肾盂输尿管重复畸形10例,肾位置异常6例,巨输尿管1例,腔静脉后输尿管3例、输尿管良性狭窄11例,前列腺囊肿伴右肾缺如1例,输尿管结核4例,腹膜后肿瘤压迫输尿管4例,结石和肿瘤病例均经手术或病理证实.CT诊断与临床诊断符合率100%.结论:16层螺旋CT尿路三维成像对显示泌尿系梗阻性病变快捷、安全可靠,可作为诊断泌尿系梗阻性疾病的首选影像学方法之一.     

多层螺旋CT尿路造影在尿路梗阻性疾病中的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT尿路造影在泌尿系梗阻性疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法对48例泌尿系统梗阻性疾病者,分别进行多层螺旋CT平扫及多时相期CT增强扫描。对增强后各期图像进行相关处理,以不同的三维重建方式获得CTA、CTU影像。所有病例均经临床及手术证实。结果48例中肾脏及输尿管先天畸形者15例;输尿管阴性结石致肾盂输尿管积水者4例;泌尿系炎症者5例;肾及输尿管、膀胱结核6例;外源性压迫导致肾盂及输尿管积水者8例;泌尿系肿瘤者10例。结论多层螺旋CT泌尿系造影对尿路梗阻性疾病的诊断具有很高的应用价值。     

64层容积CT尿路造影对输尿管梗阻性病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨64层容积CT对输尿管梗阻性病变的临床诊断价值.方法:25例输尿管梗阻性病变患者,均行64层容积CT尿路造影(VCTU)检查.对所获容积数据进行三维重组处理,输尿管重组方法有:最大密度投影、多平面重组、容积再现和曲面重组.结果:25 例病变中,输尿管结石15 例,输尿管癌5例,肾输尿管结核2例,双肾及输尿管畸形1例,先天性巨输尿管畸形1例,输尿管炎性狭窄1例.所有病例均经手术或临床资料证实.VCTU能清楚显示其位置、大小、形态及输尿管梗阻扩张情况.结论:VCTU重组图像清晰,对泌尿系肿瘤、结石或其他尿路梗阻性疾病有着独特的临床应用价值.     

输尿管结石的软组织“边缘”征在非强化螺旋CT中的诊断应用

非强化螺旋CT新近被认为是检查继发于输尿管结石的泌尿系梗阻的重要手段,但这种技术有可能混淆输尿管结石和静脉石。在CT上,输尿管结石有时可能被一软组织带所环绕即软组织“边缘”征(soft-tissue“rim”sign),它代表水肿的输尿管壁。作者为确定“边缘”征鉴别输尿管结石和静脉石的敏感度和特异度以及“边缘”征的出现是否与结石的位置、大小、症状持续时间有关。应用螺旋CT扫描技     

螺旋CT及其泌尿系成像对输尿管病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT及其泌尿系成像（spiral CT urography,SCTU)技术对输尿管病变的诊断价值。方法 27例输尿管病变患者中,结石9例、肿瘤5例、狭窄9例、畸形1例、炎症1例及输尿管瘘2例。均行螺旋CT泌尿系检查。注射对比剂后10－15min行螺旋CT容积扫描,在工作站利用软件进行图像后处理,获得泌尿系立体图像。其中15例同时行螺旋CT平扫,10例行静脉泌尿系造影。结果 （1）螺旋CT平扫8例阴性结石清晰可见。（2）SCTU图像上,8例阴性和1例阳性结石可见其、形态、大小及扩张的肾孟和输尿管;5例输尿管肿可见局部管腔内对比剂柱变细或突然中断,管壁不光整;7例单纯狭窄可见狭窄部位管腔逐渐变细,管壁无明显增厚。2例迷走血管压迫致狭窄者均位于肾孟输尿管交界处;1例重复肾并输尿管畸形者显示双肾孟、双输尿管;输尿管瘘者显示瘘口位置、走行。结论 与普通CT及静脉泌尿系造影（IVU）相比,螺旋CT及其SCTU技术有明显优越性,可使静脉管病变诊断准确率明显提高。     

16层螺旋CT诊断输尿管病变的价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT及后处理多种成像技术诊断输尿管病变的价值.材料和方法:对30例输尿管病变患者行螺旋CT泌尿系检查,图像传至ADW4.2工作站,获得容积再现(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)及曲面重建(CPR)等三维重建后处理图像.结果:30例患者中,输尿管结石16例、肿瘤6例、肾及输尿管重复畸形2例、先天性狭窄4例、迷走血管压迫1例和炎症1例.VR、MPR及CPR图像能清晰显示输尿管走行、腔内改变、梗阻部位及原因,还可以同时显示双侧肾及输尿管情况.结论:16层螺旋CT对输尿管病变具有较高的诊断价值.     

MSCT对先天性马蹄肾及其合并症的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT尿路造影(MSCTU)及其图像后处理技术对先天性马蹄肾畸形及其合并症的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析26例经临床手术确诊为先天性马蹄肾畸形患者的CT及临床资料。结果:26例马蹄肾畸形均为下级融合、位于脊柱前方。融合的肾皮质平扫下的密度及增强扫描后的强化程度与邻近的肾皮质一致。VR整体显示马蹄肾呈"倒八字"改变。26例马蹄肾合并症有:肾囊肿4例(15.38%),单侧泌尿系结石(含肾、输尿管结石单发或多发)8例(30.77%),双侧泌尿系结石4例(15.38%),马蹄肾无结石但存在泌尿系局部或全程积水扩张者6例(23.08%),单侧肾盂输尿管移行部狭窄1例(3.85%),单侧重复肾畸形3例(11.54%)。MSCTU诊断马蹄肾畸形准确率为100%。MSCTU对马蹄肾合并症诊断结果与临床对比:术前MSCTU诊断14例马蹄肾合并泌尿系结石,而手术证实仅12例合并结石,合并症诊断准确率为92.31%。结论:MSCTU对先天性马蹄肾畸形及其合并症诊断准确性高且检查时间短、无创,CT轴位图像结合多种后处理技术的应用可指导临床制定治疗方案,具有极高的临床应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT多维重建在泌尿系统疾病诊断中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT多维重建技术在泌尿系统疾病诊断中的应用价值.方法:采用16排螺旋CT薄层扫描并利用多维重建技术对50例泌尿系统疾病患者进行检查.泌尿系结石40例,肾癌2例,肾盂癌1例,膀胱癌2例,肾盂、输尿管交界处狭窄1例,肾损伤4例.结果:50例患者均获明确诊断.泌尿系结石CT多维重建可显示高密度结石致密影及结石形态、大小,与手术切开取石或体外碎石排石结果一致.5例肿瘤CT多维重建或MPR检查显示不规则软组织块影,并能显示管壁增厚,狭窄或团块样改变.膀胱肿瘤尚能立体显示腔内侵袭深度及与周围组织关系,与术中所见和术后病理结果相符.1例肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄能清晰显示狭窄部位、程度,肾盂积水情况.4例肾损伤患者可显示肾损伤程度、血肿范围以及周围脏器损伤情况.结论:多层螺旋CT多维成像分辨率高、检查时间短、侵袭性小、可增加图像立体感,使病变显示更为清晰,可作为泌尿系统疾病最有价值的诊断方法之一.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。