慢性胃炎与胃癌DNA流式细胞计分析及其临床意义

应用流式细胞技术对正常胃粘膜19例、慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)25例、慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)25例和胃癌34例进行细胞DNA含量和细胞周期时相分析。21例胃癌(62.4％)和1例伴中度不典型增生的CAG出现非整倍体。S期细胞百分率均值在胃癌组显著高于其他各组(P<0.01～0.05),CAG组显著高于CSG组(P<0.05),CSG组与正常组无明显差异(P>0.05)。结果提示:细胞DNA含量测定和细胞周期时相分析对早期发现癌变趋势具有重要意义。     

高原农牧区成年人血清胃蛋白酶原水平与胃黏膜病变关系的研究

目的：探讨高原农牧区成年人血清胃蛋白酶原（PG）水平与胃黏膜病变的关系。方法：利用日立7170S型全自动生化分析仪,采用速率法测定血清PG水平,与内镜活检和病理形态学观察结果相结合,对比分析青海高原农牧区733名接受胃镜检查的成年人血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平和PGⅠ／PGll值与胃黏膜病变的关系。结果：胃黏膜基本正常（NOR）组血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ和PGⅠ／PGll值的中位数分别为87．7ng／mL、14．8ng／mL和6．0ng／mL。PGI在慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、肠上皮化生或异型增生（IM／Dys）和胃癌（GC）组明显低于NOR组（P均〈0．01）,而。崛和IM／Dys组之间无差别两者,PU组明显高于其它胃黏膜病变组而又低于NOR组;PGⅡ在CSG、CAG、IM／Dys和GC组明显低于NOR组（P〈0．05或0．01）,CSG、CAG和IM／Dys组明显低于PU组（P〈0．05或0．01）,而3组之间无差别两者,CAG组又明显低于GC组（P〈0．01）,NOR和PU组之间、PU与GC组之间无差别两者;PGⅠ／PGⅡ值在CAG、IM／Dys和GC组明显低于NOR、CSG和PU组（P均〈O．01）,IM／Dys和GC组又明显低于CAG组（P均〈0．01）;NOR、CSG和PU组之间及CSG与CAG组之间无差别两者。结论：高原农牧区成年人血清PG水平与有无胃黏膜病变及胃黏膜病变的程度密切相关。表现为随着胃黏膜病变的逐级加重,血清PGⅠ水平和PGⅠ／PGⅡ值逐渐降低,而PGⅡ虽有降低现象,但无规律可循。利用血清PGⅠ水平和PGⅠ／PGⅡ值筛查高原地区胃癌前病变和胃癌较为合适。     

Low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: correlation of radiographic and pathologic findings.

PURPOSE: To describe upper gastrointestinal (Gl) examination findings of low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and to correlate them with pathologic examination findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of upper Gl examinations was performed in 25 patients with proved low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas. Upper Gl examinations were reviewed for common findings and most probable diagnosis, and these findings were correlated with pathologic findings in resected specimens in 15 patients. RESULTS: The common findings at upper Gl examination included mucosal nodularity (n = 13), ulcer (n = 12), rugal thickening (n = 6), mass (n = 4), and enlarged areae gastricae (n = 2). The most probable diagnoses were early gastric carcinoma (n = 7), advanced gastric carcinoma (n = 6), gastritis (n = 9), and lymphoma (n = 3). Of 17 lesions found on resected specimens, six ulcers and two masses were not depicted at barium study. Disorganized convergent rugae projecting to multiple points and vague ulcer margins were present in four and seven lesions, respectively. Multiple ulcers were seen in two patients. CONCLUSION: Although the common radiographic and pathologic findings observed in low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas were similar to those of gastric carcinomas or gastritis, disorganized convergent rugae, vague ulcer margins, and multiplicity of lesions may be helpful in differentiating them from gastric carcinomas or gastritis.     

肠型胃癌及癌前组织分裂期细胞核DNA含量测定的意义

应用显微分光光度计对肠型早期胃癌8例、肠型不典型增生28例(轻、中度各10例,重度8例)和单纯肠化10例中分裂期细胞核进行DNA定量测定,发现DNA均值由肠化经轻、中和重度不典型增生以致发生胃癌的顺序而递增,各组之间DNA均值均有显著差别(P<0.05～0.01)。超2倍体(简称超2 C)及超4 C细胞的比率亦随病变的去分化程度而增高。单纯肠化及轻度不典型增生组未发现有非整倍体细胞(即超5 C细胞),中度不典型增生组超5 C细胞的比率为3.3％,重度为9.2％,早期胃癌为29.2％。结果表明,检测分裂期细胞的DNA含量和非整倍体细胞对肠型胃癌及其癌前病变的客观诊断和分级有重要意义。     

Scirrhous gastric carcinoma: endoscopy versus upper gastrointestinal radiography

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series and endoscopic examination in the diagnosis and localization of scirrhous gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two patients with pathologically proved scirrhous gastric carcinoma in surgical specimens were included. Preoperative reports at UGI series and endoscopic examination, which included impressions on the location and extent of the tumor, were compared with pathology reports, and the accuracy of the preoperative reports was calculated. Two gastrointestinal radiologists retrospectively reviewed the appearance of mucosa at UGI series. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnoses at endoscopy were Borrmann type IV carcinoma in 28 patients (39%), type III carcinoma in 29 (40%), early gastric carcinoma in seven (10%), lymphoma in six (8%), atrophic gastritis in one (3%), and type II carcinoma in one (3%). Preoperative diagnoses at UGI series were type IV carcinoma in 44 patients (61%), type III carcinoma in 25 (35%), lymphoma in two (3%), and early gastric carcinoma in one (1%). Pathology reports were compared with the preoperative reports, and tumor location and extent were correct in the endoscopic examination reports of 24 patients (33%) and the UGI series reports of 49 patients (68%). In 68 patients, UGI series revealed thickened and irregular folds in 62 (91%), ulceration in 42 (62%), and nodularity in 22 (32%) at consensus review. Endoscopic biopsy samples were positive for malignancy in 66 patients (93%). CONCLUSION: UGI series is superior to endoscopic examination in the diagnosis and localization of scirrhous gastric carcinoma.     

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: spectrum of findings at double-contrast gastrointestinal examination with pathologic correlation.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is found in the surface epithelium of the stomach. MALT lymphoma is extranodal lymphoma originating from MALT. In the stomach, a strong association with Helicobacter pylori infection has been demonstrated. Low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma has been reported to have variable features at upper gastrointestinal (UGI) examination. Twenty-two patients with low-grade MALT lymphoma had ulcers (n = 11), fold thickening (n = 7), mucosal nodularity (n = 7), masses (n = 6), or prominent areae gastricae (n = 4) at UGI examination. Six patients with high-grade MALT lymphoma had masses (n = 4), fold thickening (n = 3), ulcers (n = 1), or mucosal nodularity (n = 1) at UGI examination. These findings were similar to those in gastric carcinoma or gastritis. Differentiation of low-grade MALT lymphoma from gastritis or gastric carcinoma was more difficult than differentiation of high-grade MALT lymphoma. Lesions of MALT lymphoma associated with H pylori gastritis were diffuse or multiple in 65% of cases; however, lesions of MALT lymphoma without proved H pylori gastritis were focal or solitary in 80% of cases. Therefore, multiplicity of lesions in MALT lymphoma was closely associated with H pylori infection.     

慢性胃病及胃癌中幽门螺杆菌感染与血清胃蛋白酶原水平变化的关系

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌(H pylori,HP)感染对慢性胃病患者血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)亚群(PG Ⅰ、PGⅡ)水平变化的影响及意义.方法 选取宁夏医科大学总医院消化内科2010年10月-2011年4月就诊的有消化道症状的患者263例(胃癌67例,慢性萎缩性胃炎104例,消化性溃疡92例)及正常对照88例,采用快速尿激酶实验、病理吉姆萨染色和酶联免疫吸附实验(EUSA)进行H.pylori检测及PG Ⅰ、PGⅡ含量测定.结果 消化性溃疡HP感染的阳性率为71.7％,慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃癌和正常对照分别为63.5％、56.7％和55.6％,各组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与正常对照比较,慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血清PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅰ /PGⅡ下降,PGⅡ上升,消化性溃疡患者PG Ⅰ/PGⅡ下降,PG Ⅰ、PGⅡ上升(P＜0.05或P＜0.0l).胃癌患者PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅰ /PGⅡ较正常对照降低,但PGⅡ升高(P＜0.0l).正常对照、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃癌患者中Hp+者血清PG Ⅰ、PGⅡ水平与相应HP-者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).萎缩伴肠化及萎缩伴不典型增生患者血清PG Ⅰ、PGⅡ及PG Ⅰ /PGⅡ比值与单纯萎缩性胃炎比较无明显变化(P＞0.05),但其PG Ⅰ /PGⅡ比值均明显高于胃癌患者(P＜0.01).单纯萎缩性胃炎、萎缩伴肠化、萎缩伴不典型增生患者中,HP+者血清PG Ⅰ、PGⅡ及PG Ⅰ/PGⅡ比值与相应HP-者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 慢性胃炎和胃癌患者中HP感染与血清PG水平变化关系不大.     

血清胃蛋白酶原筛查高原农牧区成年人胃癌前病变和胃癌标准的初步研究

目的：初步探讨血清胃蛋白酶原（PG）用于筛查中国高原农牧区成年人胃癌前病变（CAG、IM、Dys）和胃癌（GC）的异常界定值标准。方法：利用日立7170S型全自动生化分析仪,采用速率法测定青海高原农牧区733名成年人血清PG水平,同时进行胃镜检查和病理形态学观察,并进行对比分析。用灵敏度（Se）、特异度（Sp）和约登指数（YI）对血清PG检测诊断CAG、IM、Dys和GC的效果进行综合评价。确定适合筛查中国高原农牧区成年人胃癌前病变和胃癌的血清异常界定值标准。结果139例胃黏膜基本正常者和694例不同胃黏膜病变患者的血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平和PGⅠ／PGⅡ值均呈明显偏态分布（P值均=0．000）;如单用PGI筛查CAG、IM、Dys和GC,PGI≤60ng／mL的Se和Sp均达双高,分别为68．57％和63．71％,YI出现最大值,为0．3228。当PGⅠ／PGⅡ≤5时,筛查CAG、IM、Dys和GC的Se和Sp均达双高,分别为63．71％和56．76％,YI也相对较大,为0．2047。其余PGⅠ和PGⅠ／PGⅡ界定值并联或串联均不能提高其筛查效力。结论：中国高原农牧区成年健康人和不同胃黏膜病变患者血清PGⅠ、PGU水平和PGⅠ／PGⅡ值均呈明显偏态分布;PGⅠ≤60ng／mL或PGⅠ／PGⅡ45是筛查高原农牧区胃癌前病变和胃癌较为合适的异常参考界定值。     

胃粘膜肠化生组织YNZ22基因杂合缺失及p53基因突变、蛋白表达的研究

为探讨YNZ22基因杂合缺失（LOH）及p53基因突变、蛋白表达在胃粘膜肠上皮化生中的作用,应用PCR－RFLP、PCR－SSCP及免疫组化技术检测了不同类型肠化生组织中YNZ22基因LOH、p53基因素5－8外显子突变及其蛋白表达。结果显示,YNZ22 LOH率为19.4%（6／31）,p53突变率为29.8%(14/47),p53蛋白表达率为10.0%（6/60)。将肠化生分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,发现Ⅲ型肠化生中p53突变率及其蛋白阳性表达率分别为57.1%(8/14)和27.8%(5/18),无显著高于Ⅰ（18.2%)、Ⅱ型肠化生（2．4％）（均P＜0.05)。p53蛋白表达与p53基因突变显著相关（P＜0.05),YNZ22 LOH与p53突变及蛋白表达无显著相关性（P＞0.05)。提示,YNZ22基因LOH及p53基因异常可能在胃粘膜肠化生的发生及其癌变中起一定作用,p53基因有可能成为胃癌早期诊断的分子指标。     

青海高原地区三个民族胃炎性病变及胃癌与Hp关系的分析

目的：分析幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter Pylori,Hp）在青海高原地区回、藏、汉三个民族的感染状况以及与胃癌及各种胃炎性病变之间的关系分析。方法：分析我院连续10年内回、藏、汉三个民族被病理证实为胃癌及炎性病变的病理组织检查结果及Hp的感染状况。结果：Hp总阳性率为49.2%;回族54.8%,藏族49.8%,汉族44.5%,三者之间比较有非常显著性差异。各种炎性病变与胃癌之间的Hp阳性率比较有非常显著性差异。结论：Hp感染与民族、经济文化、饮食卫生等综合因素密切相关。Hp是慢性胃炎的重要致病因素,它与慢性炎症的程度以及肠化生和不典型增生等癌前病变的发生密切相关。