普乐可复对大鼠的神经毒性和脑细胞超微结构及凋亡的影响

目的　观察应用普乐可复后引起的大鼠神经毒性症状、大鼠脑组织超微结构改变和细胞凋亡的变化 ,为器官移植后应用普乐可复所导致的并发症提供临床防治依据。方法　雄性SD大鼠 36只 ,分为口服普乐可复 5、10mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组和空白对照组。定时观察大鼠的神经症状 ,测定普乐可复的血药浓度 ;实验结束时观察不同部位脑组织超微结构和脑细胞凋亡的情况。结果　普乐可复 10mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组大鼠出现易激惹和轻度震颤的症状 ,每只大鼠的血药稳态浓度为 19.4～ 90 .4ng/ml,平均为 (4 6 .2± 2 3.1)ng/ml;大鼠出现神经毒性症状的最低血药浓度为 2 5 .6ng/ml;该组大鼠海马、基底节处可见脑组织超微结构改变及细胞凋亡的现象。其余两组均未发现神经毒性症状、脑组织超微结构改变和脑细胞凋亡的现象。结论　应用普乐可复后大鼠出现神经毒性症状的最低血药浓度为 2 5 .6ng/ml,当血药浓度为 5～ 2 0ng/ml时较为安全。大鼠海马、基底节处神经细胞的变性、坏死和血脑屏障的破坏以及脑细胞凋亡是其病理基础和可能机制。     

普乐可复对大鼠小肠移植排斥反应的免疫抑制作用

目的　观察大鼠小肠移植术后应用普乐可复(FK5 0 6 )对小肠移植排斥反应的免疫抑制作用 .方法　选用近交系大鼠 F34 4/ N(RT 1 )和 Wistar大鼠进行全小肠异位移植 ,实验分 4组 .第 1组 ,异基因移植组 F34 4/ N- Wistar;第2组 ,小剂量普乐可复治疗组 F34 4/ N- Wistar+FK5 0 6 (0 .2mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ,0～ 14d,im ) ;第 3组 ,普乐可复治疗组F34 4/ N- Wistar+FK5 0 6 (0 .5 m g· kg- 1· d- 1 ,0～ 14d,im ) ;第 4组 ,同基因移植组 (F34 4/ N- F34 4/ N ) .观察大鼠的一般状况及存活时间并于术后第 3,5 ,7日取移植小肠标本进行病理学检查和比较 .结果　第 1组大鼠存活时间与其他3组有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1) ,第 1组大鼠在术后第 3,5 ,7日病理学检查移植肠出现排斥反应 ,而第 2 ,3,4组无明显排斥 ,可长期存活 .结论　普乐可复能明显抑制小肠移植急性排斥反应的产生 ,显著地延长移植物存活时间     

枸杞多糖对大鼠生殖系统保护作用的机制探讨

目的 :探讨枸杞多糖 (LBP)对大鼠生殖系统保护作用的可能机制。方法 :36只雄性Wistar大鼠 ,按给予枸杞多糖的不同剂量分组 (0剂量对照组、0剂量阳性对照组、1 0 ,5 0 ,1 0 0 ,2 0 0mg·kg-1 ·d-1 剂量组 ) ,每组 6只。 1 4d后以温水浴构造大鼠睾丸损伤模型 ,测定血清性激素水平、睾丸组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、丙二醛 (MDA)含量及观察睾丸组织形态学改变。结果 :大鼠血清性激素水平、SOD活性低于LBP组 ;MDA含量则高于LBP组 ,最佳剂量为LBP 1 0mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ;LBP能降低高温引起的生精细胞损伤、促进睾丸生殖细胞正常发育。结论 :LBP对大鼠生殖系统具有保护作用 ,其机制可能是通过抗氧化作用及调节下丘脑 垂体 性腺轴实现的     

中药大明胶囊对2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖作用的研究

目的　探讨大明胶囊对 2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖的影响。方法　建立 2型糖尿病大鼠模型 ,筛选空腹血糖值大于 16 .7mmol·L- 1 的大鼠随机分组 :大明胶囊大 (187.5mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )、中 (93.8mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )、小 (46 .9mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )剂量组、糖尿病模型组、苯乙双胍 (75mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )组 ,连续用药 14d ,用葡萄糖氧化酶法测空腹血糖值 ,同时对大明胶囊治疗前后 2型糖尿病大鼠 2 4h进食量、饮水量、体重及甘油三酯进行测定。结果　 2型糖尿病大鼠经大明胶囊灌胃给药后空腹血糖值与模型组相比有明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并且饮水量、进食量及TG与模型组相比明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　大明胶囊对 2型糖尿病大鼠有明显的降低空腹血糖作用 ,并且可以改善糖尿病的症状。     

阿米替林对大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 :研究阿米替林 (amitriptyline ,Ami)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血 再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :6 0只大鼠分 6组。除假手术组 ,其余 5组分别用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血 再灌注损伤模型 ,其中 4组在缺血前 2h分别腹腔注射 3个不同剂量Ami,即 2 0mg·kg-1,15mg·kg-1,10mg·kg-1,及Nim 2mg·kg-1,观察损伤脑组织含水量及生化的改变。结果 :Ami可明显减少脑组织含水量及丙二醛 (malondialdehyde ,MDA)含量 ,并增加超氧化物歧化酶 (su peroxiddismutase ,SOD)的活性。结论 :Ami对脑缺血 再灌注损伤具有明显保护作用 ,其机制与抗脂质过氧化有关     

不同剂量吡咯列酮对单肾切除糖尿病大鼠作用的实验研究

目的　观察不同剂量盐酸吡咯列酮对单肾切除糖尿病大鼠模型慢性肾脏损害的作用。方法　采用单肾切除的小剂量链脲佐菌素诱导性糖尿病大鼠 ,随机均分为单肾切除对照 (CTR)组、糖尿病非治疗 (DM )组、3mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮 (DM LP)治疗组、9mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮治疗组和 2 0mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮治疗组共 5组。药物灌胃 10周 ,收集2 4h尿液标本 ,测定血糖和动脉收缩压后处死大鼠 ,并留取血标本和肾脏组织。结果　与CTR组相比 ,另 4组糖尿病大鼠的血清胰岛素水平均明显降低 ,DM组表现出明显的高糖和高脂血症 ,动脉收缩压、2 4h尿蛋白量、肾小球细胞外基质(ECM)沉积和相对肾重均明显升高。 3mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮在不影响血糖、血脂和血压的情况下 ,能明显减轻蛋白尿和肾小球ECM沉积 ,降低相对肾重 ;9mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮能明显改善血糖和高三酰甘油血症 ,但不影响动脉收缩压和高胆固醇血症 ,其减轻蛋白尿和肾小球ECM沉积以及降低相对肾重的作用与 3mg·kg-1·d-1剂量治疗组的差异无显著性 ;2 0mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮除有与 9mg·kg-1·d-1剂量相似程度改善高血糖和高三酰甘油血症的作用外 ,还能明显降低大鼠动脉收缩压 ;其减轻蛋白尿、肾小球ECM沉积和肾脏肥大的作用较 3和 9mg·kg-1·d-1剂量进一     

托吡酯对癫痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 :探讨托吡酯 (TPM)对癫痫发作大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法 :采用戊四氮致痫模型 ,大鼠癫痫发作后连续给予托吡酯 (80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 和 4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ) ,共 14 d。以 TU NEL方法标记 DNA片段 ,原位检测海马 CA1和 CA3区的神经细胞凋亡。结果 :各组大鼠海马 CA1、CA3区均出现 TU NEL阳性细胞。对照组海马 CA1、CA3区 TUNEL阳性细胞数分别为 (35 .83± 4 .5 8)个和 (36 .83± 3.87)个 ;4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组分别为 (31.5 2± 3.4 3)个和 (32 .35± 4 .6 9)个 ;80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组为 (2 1.17± 3.0 6 )个和 (2 1.16± 3.87)个。 80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组比较存在极显著差异 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :TPM对癫痫发作后神经元凋亡具有一定的保护作用。     

泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症依从性比较

[目的 ]探讨泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症患者的依从性。 [方法 ]对多发性抽动症患者随机分为两组 ,分别口服泰必利 ( A组 )、氟哌啶醇 ( B组 )。A组初始剂量 5 mg· kg-1·d-1,视病情每周增加剂量 2 .5 mg·kg-1·d-1,最大至 1 5～ 2 0 mg·kg-1·d-1;B组 0 .0 3mg· kg-1·d-1开始 ,每 1～ 2周增加 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .0 5 mg· kg-1· d-1,最大至 0 .1 5 mg· kg-1· d-1,观察 8周比较两组治疗效果与对副作用的关系 ,[结果 ]泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症疗效无显著差异 ,而氟哌啶醇因副作用大 ,患者依从性差。 [结论 ]治疗多发性抽动症 ,宜首选泰必利。     

别嘌呤醇对环孢素A肾毒性的保护作用

目的 :研究环孢霉素A(CsA)对肾功能、肾小球内超氧化物、血栓素B2 (thromboxaneB2 ,TXB2 )形成的影响 ,探讨抗氧化药物别嘌呤醇对环孢素A肾毒性的保护作用 .方法 :4组成熟雄性Wistar大鼠分别接受CsA (30mg·kg-1·d-1)、别嘌呤醇 (10mg·kg-1·d-1)、CsA (30mg·kg-1·d-1)加别嘌呤醇 (10mg·kg-1·d-1)、CsA溶剂橄榄油治疗 30d .结果 :CsA使肾功能减退、肾小球内超氧化物、TXB2 形成增加 .别嘌呤醇降低CsA的肾毒性副作用 ,并使肾小球内超氧化物、TXB2 量减少 .结论 :CsA引起的急性肾功能衰竭可能与肾小球内超氧化物、TXB2 形成增加有关 .同时应用别嘌呤醇使肾小球内超氧化物、TXB2 量减少 ,对CsA的肾毒性有保护作用     

三七总皂苷抗衰老作用的实验研究

[目的]观察三七总皂苷(PNS)对老年性痴呆(AD)模型大鼠的抗衰老作用。[方法]Wistar大鼠90只,其中3月 龄15只作青年组,15月龄15只作老年组,其他60只15月龄大鼠以D-半乳糖腹腔注射致亚急性损伤合并鹅膏蕈氨酸损毁 双侧大脑Meynert基底核复制AD大鼠模型;造模存活鼠随机分为模型组、PNS高剂量组(200 mg·kg-1·d-1)、PNS低剂量组 (100mg·kg-1·d-1)和石杉碱甲组(0.3mg·kg-1·d-1),各给药组分别按设计剂量灌胃给药,模型组、青年组与老年组灌服 等容积生理盐水,连续4周。取血清检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和甘油三酯及胆 固醇含量。[结果]PNS高、低剂量均可提高血清SOD、GSH、CAT水平,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05或P< 0.01);PNS高剂量组可降低血清胆固醇含量,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。[结论]PNS延缓衰老的作用可能与 其对抗自由基生成,降低血清胆固醇水平有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.