Regionale Unterschiede in der Prävalenz von kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren bei Männern und Frauen in Deutschland

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Über die Hälfte aller kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen wird von acht zum Teil vermeidbaren Risikofaktoren verursacht....     

Sepsisassoziierte Todesfälle in Deutschland: Charakteristika und regionale Variation

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Sepsis ist weltweit jährlich für geschätzt 11 Mio. Todesfälle verantwortlich. Die Epidemiologie...     

Körperliche und psychische Folgeerkrankungen bei Diabetes mellitus

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Trotz Verbesserungen in der Therapie des Diabetes und besseren Versorgungbedingungen weisen die Betroffenen aktuell im Vergleich...     

Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland

In recent years, there has been a change in the health and disease spectrum among children and adolescents, with an increase in mental health problems and a shift from acute to chronic illness. In this phase, the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has increased in importance as a dimension of subjective health. The aim of this study is to describe the HRQoL of children and adolescents measured with the internationally standardized screening instrument KIDSCREEN-10. In the follow-up of the KiGGS study in 2009-2012 (KiGGS Wave 1), 2,567 parents of children aged 7–10 years and 4,878 adolescents aged 11 years or older completed the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. In all, 94% of parents of 7- to 10-year-old girls and boys estimate the HRQoL of their children to be “very good” or “good.” Of the 11- to 17-year-old adolescents, 96?% report their HRQoL as “very good” or “good.” Somatic diseases and pain as well as mental health problems and a low social status are included in the HRQoL in only a limited way. Potential differences in HRQoL by social status were not confirmed in multivariate models. The HRQoL of the examined children and adolescents is predominantly very good or good. Interventions to improve the HRQoL of children and adolescents with diseases and psychopathological problems are necessary, regardless of their social status.     

Verbreitung häufiger Allergien bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland

The first follow-up of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 1) was conducted from 2009 to 2012 as a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study and provides, among other things, data on allergic diseases. Data collection was carried out by telephone interviews. In total, 6,093 girls and 6,275 boys were included, among them 4,455 newly recruited 0- to 6-year-olds (response 38.8?%) and 7,913 KiGGS follow-up participants aged 7–17 years (response 72.9?%). Based on parent reports, 15.6?% (95?% confidence interval 14.7–16.5) of children and adolescents aged 0–17 years were currently affected by at least one atopic disease. The 12-month prevalence rates of hay fever, atopic dermatitis, and asthma were 9.1?% (8.4–9.8), 6.0?% (5.4–6.6), and 4.1?% (3.6–4.6), respectively. In all, 2.2?% (1.9–2.6) of the children and adolescents were currently suffering from contact dermatitis. Compared with the baseline KiGGS survey from 2003 to 2006, a higher percentage of participants reported the occurrence of asthma within the past 12 months in the recent KiGGS Wave 1 (4.1 vs. 3.2?%; p?=?0.0034). The total increase is mainly due to higher prevalence rates among 0- to 6-year-olds, especially in girls. Higher 12-month prevalence rates can be also observed for hay fever among 0- to 6-year-olds, especially in girls, although the total increase is not statistically significant (9.1 vs. 8.3?%; p?=?0.08). There was a declining trend for atopic dermatitis: 6.8?% (2003–2006) vs. 5.4?% (2009–2012); p?=?0.0015.     

Chronische Erkrankungen und impfpräventable Infektionserkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland

The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) 2003–2006 is the first nationwide comprehensive study on the health of children and adolescents living in Germany. The KiGGS first interview follow-up is a telephone interview study that collected, among other things, data on a number of chronic and vaccine-preventable diseases in 2009–2012 and is a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study based on a population registry sample from the 167 KiGGS study points. The analysis is based on 12,368 respondents (7913 KiGGS follow-up participants aged 7–17 years, response 72 % and 4455 newly recruited 0- to 6-year-olds, response 42 %). Based on parent reports the lifetime prevalence of both chickenpox and pertussis has decreased in the population targeted by recently changed vaccination recommendations. For measles the prevalence remained unsatisfactorily high in each investigated age group. Of the children and adolescents aged 0–17 years 16 % (95 % confidence interval CI 15.2–17.0 %) had a long-standing chronic health condition according to the parents. Of these, however, only one in five was affected in their routine daily activities. The lifetime prevalence in 7- to 17-year-olds was 1.2 % (0.9–1.6) for epilepsy (0.4 % for the past 12 months), 5.0 % (4.4–5.7) for migraine, 0.2 % (0.1–0.3) for diabetes and in 0 to 6-year-olds 2.0 % (1.5–2.6) for heart conditions and 3.1 % (2.5–3.8) for febrile seizures with a -prevalence in 0 to 2-year-olds which are most affected of 1.0 % (0.6–1.6) in the past 12 months. The vast majority of children and adolescents in Germany are in good or very good health as suggested by other results reported in this issue; however, chronic conditions are not rare and need continuous monitoring. These results confirm that implementation of the vaccination recommendations of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) can lead to effective prevention of infectious diseases in Germany.     

Zeitliche Entwicklung berufsgruppenspezifischer Unterschiede im Rauchverhalten von erwerbstätigen Männern und Frauen in Deutschland

Background

Studies show that people with a low occupational status are more likely to smoke than those with a high occupational status. Against the background of a general decline in tobacco consumption, time trends of occupational differences in smoking behaviour of employed men and women in Germany were examined.

Methods

The analyses were based on the last five waves of the German microcensus that included questions about smoking (1999, 2003, 2005, 2009 and 2013), taking only employed men and women aged 18–64 years into account (n?=?688,746). Information on occupational position was summarised using international classifications of occupation (ISEI-08 and ISCO-08). Raw and model-based standardized prevalence estimates of current smoking were calculated.

Results

Between 1999 and 2013, the proportion of smokers in the working population fell from 39.9 to 34.4% (men) and from 30.6 to 26.8% (women). Differences between occupational status groups increased significantly: while the prevalence of smoking among employees with high occupational status decreased, it remained largely stable in the low status group. In 2013, the occupations with the highest proportion of smokers were waste disposal workers, cleaning staff, unskilled workers, truck and bus drivers, salespeople and cashiers, and employees in the catering industry.

Conclusion

Since the beginning of the 2000s, the prevalence of smoking in the working population has declined. The strengthened tobacco control policy – e.?g. the establishment of smoke-free workplace laws – might have contributed to this trend. In the context of workplace health promotion, tobacco prevention and cessation measures should be targeted at those professions in which smoking is still particularly common.

     

Prävalenz von somatischen Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland

In the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), which was conducted from 2003 to 2006, data on acute/infectious and chronic diseases were collected from a population-based sample of 17,641 subjects aged 0 to 17 years. The annual prevalence rates among acute diseases vary widely. Children and adolescents are most frequently affected by acute (infectious) respiratory conditions. 88.5 % of the surveyed children and adolescents experienced at least one episode of common cold within the last 12 months. Among the other acute respiratory infections, bronchitis and tonsillitis were the most frequently encountered conditions with 19.9 % and 18.5 %, respectively. The 12-month prevalence of otitis media and pseudocroup was 11 % and 6.6 %, respectively. 1.5 % of the children and adolescents experienced an episode of pneumonia. Apart from respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections were very frequently stated as reasons for acute illness. Furthermore, 12.8 % of the children and adolescents experienced a herpetic infection, 7.8 % a conjunctivitis and 4.8 % a urinary tract infection. Lifetime prevalence rates of infectious diseases were as follows: pertussis 8.7 %, measles 7.4 %, mumps 4.0 %, rubella 8.5 %, varicella 70.6 %, scarlet fever 23.5 %. The various chronic somatic diseases in children and adolescents had different lifetime prevalence rates. Most frequently, children and adolescents were affected by obstructive bronchitis (13.3 %), neurodermatitis/atopic eczema (13.2 %) and hay fever (10.7 %). Scoliosis and asthma had been diagnosed by a doctor in 5.2 % and 4.7 % of subjects aged 0-17 years, respectively. The lifetime prevalence rates of the remaining diseases varied between 0.14 % for diabetes mellitus and 3.6 % for convulsions/epileptic fits. For the first time ever, these survey results provide nationwide representative information on the prevalence rates of acute/infectious and chronic diseases in children and adolescents which is based on a population-representative sample.     

Prävalenz und zeitliche Entwicklung des bekannten Diabetes mellitus

The first wave of the “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults” (DEGS1, 2008–2011) allows for up-to-date, representative prevalence estimates of known diabetes amongst the 18- to 79-year-old resident population of Germany. Temporal trends can be shown by comparing the survey findings with those of the “German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998” (GNHIES98). The definition of known diabetes was based on self-reports in physician-administered interviews that asked respondents if they had ever been diagnosed with diabetes by a doctor or were on anti-diabetic medication. Overall, diabetes had been diagnosed in 7.2?% of the adults (7.4?% of the women; 7.0?% of the men). The prevalence increased substantially with advancing age and was higher in persons of low than of high socioeconomic status. Prevalence varied depending on the type of health insurance held and was highest amongst those insured with AOK health insurance funds. In comparison with GNHIES98, there was a 38?% increase in prevalence, of which approximately one third is to be attributed to demographic ageing. In the context of other nationwide studies, the results indicate a figure of at least 4.6 million 18- to 79-year-olds having been diagnosed with diabetes at some point. Planned analyses of undiagnosed diabetes will contribute to the interpretation of the observed increase in the prevalence of known diabetes. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.     

Valproatverordnungen bei Mädchen und Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter in Deutschland

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Aufgrund des teratogenen Potenzials von Valproat wurden die Empfehlungen zur Risikoaufklärung und Verordnung bei...     

Schmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland: Prävalenz und Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen

As part of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), representative data were collected on pain in 14,959 children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years in Germany. The results are reported separately for 11-17-year olds, who were asked themselves, and 3-10 year olds, whose parents reported on their pain. Among the 3-10 year olds, the prevalence of pain over three months was 64.5% and among the 11-17 year olds it was 77.6% (71.1% altogether for the 3-17 year old children). Pain prevalence increased significantly with age; in all age groups girls reported pain significantly more often than boys of the same age. In the 3-10 year olds the most common pain localisation was stomach pains, followed by pain in the head and throat. Children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 most often reported headaches, followed by pains in the stomach and back. Pain occurring at least once a week in the last three months was reported by 24.3% of the 11-17 year old children and adolescents and by 9.9% of the 3-10 year old children suffering from pain. More than half (54.1%) of the 3-10 year olds and more than one third of the 11-17 year olds (35.9%) who reported recurrent principal pain consulted a doctor for this reason; 36.7% and 46.7% respectively took medicine. These results show that pain is a relevant problem in children and adolescents in Germany.     

Unterschiede in der subjektiven und psychischen Gesundheit und im Gesundheitsverhalten bei 11- bis 17-jährigen Jugendlichen an weiterführenden Schulen in Deutschland

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten zuungunsten sozial benachteiligter...     

Sozioökonomische Unterschiede in der Inanspruchnahme von Haus- und Facharztleistungen in Deutschland

Background

This article analyses socioeconomic differences in the use of general practitioner (GP) and specialty care services for the elderly.

Data and Methods

The analysis is based on the first two waves of German data of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for the years 2004 and 2006. Data from 2,861 respondents aged 50 years or more are used. The analysis distinguishes between the overall probability of a GP and specialty care visit (contact) and the frequency of contact. Probit models are used to identify the determinants of contacting a GP or specialist and count models are applied to analyze the determinants of contact frequency.

Results

The regression results show that members of lower social classes, with the same medical need, are less likely to contact a specialist compared to persons with a relatively high social status. In contrast, people with low socioeconomic status are more likely to contact a family doctor than those with a high social status. Regarding contact frequency, members of lower social classes, with the same medical need, have a significantly lower number of specialist contacts compared to persons with a relatively high social status.     

Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland

The aim of this study is to describe health related quality of life (HRQL) of the German adult population and provide current representative normative data for the version 2 of the SF-36 (SF-36V2) in the German population. In the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) the SF-36V2 was used to measure health-related quality of life. Men report in all areas better HRQOL compared to women, a lower social status is associated with lower HRQOL-values. Having one or more chronic diseases is associated with lower values in all dimensions of health-related quality of life. Compared to 10 years ago, the General health seems to be much better in women aged 40 to 49 years and older and in men aged 50 to 59 years and older. Version 2 of the SF-36 has proved to be a robust instrument of health-related quality of life that is able to plausible map differences regarding socio-demographic and health characteristics. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.     

Prävalenz von depressiver Symptomatik und diagnostizierter Depression bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland

In the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (DEGS1), current depressive symptoms were assessed with the “Patient Health Questionnaire” (PHQ-9) in a representative population-based sample of 7,988 adults 18–79 years old. In addition, previously diagnosed depression was assessed by physician interview. The prevalence of current depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥?10 points) is 8.1?% (women: 10.2?%; men: 6.1?%). For both sexes, the prevalence is highest among 18- to 29-year-olds and decreases with age. Persons with higher socioeconomic status (SES) are less likely to have current depressive symptoms. The lifetime prevalence of diagnosed depression is 11.6?% (women: 15.4?%; men: 7.8?%) and is highest among persons 60–69 years old. The 12 month prevalence is 6.0?% (women: 8.1?%; men: 3.8?%) and is highest among 50- to 59-year-olds. In women, but not in men, prevalences decrease with increasing SES. The results describe the distribution of two important aspects of depression among the adult population in Germany and confirm previously observed associations with age, gender and SES. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.