The (in)visible gender of old age in the knowledge of nursing

It is a bibliographical study in which the scientific production of Nursing regarding Women in Old Age was surveyed. The study was based on the Catalog of Dissertations and Theses from the CD-ROM of the Center for Studies and Research on Nursing (CEPEn) of the Brazilian Nursing Association (ABEn), from 1979 to 1999. It was aimed at getting to know the deviations and/or approximations in the knowledge of Nursing by way of the object of study of the Ph.D. thesis 'Health practice and knowledge of old women in the gender perspective'. It was found out that old women have been investigated in few studies. In addition, the objects of these investigations have strongly deviated from gender issues, demonstrating the sexless aspect of old age and the denial of women's social roles.     

Knowledge and truths about nursing: discourse of new students

It is a study with a qualitative approach that proposes to analyze truths regimes that pass by and along Nursing as a profession, as manifested by students entering in the Graduate Course 2004/2, 2005/1 and 2005/2. The Discourse Analysis has been used as a methodological option for analyzing the data, under Michel Foucault's approaches. Three great themes have come out of such context of analysis and discussion: the traversing of gender knowledges in Nursing practice; Nursing as a knowledge made hierarchical; making as a might in Nursing's academic and professional day-by-day. Social conceptions became self evident, going through invisible knowledges that legitimate health and nursing practices, making them unquestionable.     

Developing and testing the effectiveness of an educational booklet about breast self examination on university nursing students' knowledge and practices

The aims of this study were to develop an educational booklet about breast self-examination and test its effectiveness on University Nursing Students' knowledge and practices. A pre and post-test with no control group design was adopted in this study. A convenient sample of 212 Nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, who accepted to participate in the study and enrolled in the first academic year, during the first semester (2001-2002) were included in this study. A specially designed, self-administered questionnaire sheet was used and analyzed to determine the level of Nursing students' knowledge and practices related to BSE. According to Nursing students' needs, an educational booklet about BSE was developed and given to them. After 3 months, reassessment of Nursing students' knowledge and practices was carried out using the same questionnaire sheet to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed booklet. The study revealed a general lack of knowledge and practices related to BSE among Nursing students, where poor total score of knowledge and practices was obtained by most of them before distribution of the educational booklet. The study also revealed that the developed educational booklet about BSE had an obvious effect on improving Nursing students' knowledge and practices regarding BSE, where a highly significant difference was found between their knowledge and practices before and after distribution of the educational booklet. So, improving the health behavior, especially BSE, among Nursing students is needed to help them assume their responsibility towards prevention. This should be carried through the use of the currently developed educational booklet about BSE by all Nursing students.     

Analysis of publications on Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) from 1980 to 2004

This study aimed at reviewing the knowledge produced about the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) available in the scientific literature from January 1980 to January 2004. NIC is a taxonomy with activities performed by nurses. Authors searched Lilacs and Medline databases, materials at the Center for Nursing Classification-University of Iowa College of Nursing and a doctoral dissertation obtained from a private library. The works found referred to the application of NIC to practice, the languages used in information systems, the use of NIC in these systems and the presentation, construction, development and validation of a taxonomy, among others. Authors concluded that there are several possibilities related to the production of knowledge on NIC in Brazil and that it is necessary to encourage studies on this taxonomy, raising questions and generating new knowledge to contribute to the improvement of Brazilian Nursing.     

Implementation of the nursing process in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis using the standardized terminologies NANDA, NIC and NOC

This case study aimed at describing the implementation the implementation of the Nursing Process to a patient with hepatic cirrhosis, and report the difficulties found on the implementation of the assistance. The conceptual model of Horfa was used, NANDA--Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) were also applied in care composition. The present study was developed in a public hospital of Distrito Federal, in September 2005, at the Emergency Unit. Among the identified nursing diagnosis was included: acute confusion, constipation and knowledge deficit. Among the pointed difficulties, it was detached: the disinterest of the nursing team and of the pacient, knowledge deficit and unpreparedness of the professionals, lack of human and material resources to deliver the care.     

Teaching psychiatric nursing in Ceara: a reality in outline

The teaching of Psychiatric Nursing Course in the Nursing Undergraduate Programs in Ceará, topic of this study, is a reality that has been building up, fusing itself, in a broader context, the teaching of Nursing as a whole. To study it, attempts have been made in order to go deep in the Institutions' formal discourse, (Syllabuses, Course Programs) and in the ideological discourse of social actors which are responsible for the passing on the knowledge absorbed there, produced and reproduced. In the analysis under a structural-historical approach it has been possible to notice that the Psychiatric Nursing Courses are going through a moment of reflection, uncertainties and changes which have been originated by the process of syllabus reform and of the psychiatric assistance. The change of paradigm still turns out be an utopia, not wholly shared by everyone concerned, yet searched for by the majority.     

Self-rated health and indicators of SES among the ageing in three types of communities

AIMS: This paper examines associations between self-rated health, three indicators of SES (self-reported education, disposable household income, adequacy of income) and three types of communities (urban, densely or sparsely populated rural areas) among ageing men and women in the Province of P?ij?t-H?me, Southern Finland. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the magnitude of community type when examining the relation between subjective health and SES. METHODS: Cross-sectional questionnaire data gathered in the spring of 2002 for a prospective follow-up of community interventions were used. These data, together with a number of clinical and laboratory measurements, yielded the baseline for a 10-year community intervention study. A representative stratified (age, gender, area) sample of men and women living in the province and belonging to the birth cohorts 1926-1930, 1936-1940, and 1946-1950 was obtained from the National Population Registry. The target sample was 4,272, with 2,815 persons responding (66% response rate). RESULTS: Positive associations between indicators of SES and self-rated health were observed in all three community types. After adjusting for other factors, adequacy of income showed the strongest (positive) association with self-rated health in urban areas in all age groups. A similar pattern of associations, with varying statistical significance, though, was found in the two rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the view that while actual income is positively correlated to health, adequacy of income is an even stronger predictor of it. Thus, there was a significant link between better financial standing and good health among ageing people, especially in urban areas.     

Nursing Students’ Experiences on Assessing the Sexuality of Patients: Mixed Method Study

This study aims to examine nursing students’ experiences on assessing the sexuality of patients. This research is a mixed method study consisting of two stages as qualitative and quantitative. The first stage was carried out with 104 students using a socio-demographical data form and the sexual attitude and belief scale (SABS) to collect data. In this stage, most students stated that they could collected data about patients’ sexuality in clinical practice; however, they could not make a nursing diagnosis and give care regarding sexuality. It was determined that this was due to the age, gender and education level of the patient/nurse. A significant difference was found between SABS total scores of students who collected data about sexual health and those who did not (p?<?0.05). The second stage was carried out with 72 students. Focus group interviews were performed to examine the students’ experiences on assessing the sexuality of their patients. Two main themes were specified: barriers and recommendations. Most nursing students perceived many characteristics, particularly socio-demographical characteristics, as barriers for talking about sexual matters. Nursing care in this field is postponed since they do not talk about sexual problems. Nursing students’ problems in assessing the patients’ sexuality must be realized in the first year of education. Trainings that aim at eliminating the lack of knowledge are recommended.

     

Brazilian congresses -- bridges to freedom and nursing transformation

This study concerns the comprehension of the converging points in Brazilian Nursing Congresses as well as of their contribution to the production of nursing knowledge. The investigation method used was that of historical research with a documental analysis of the Proceedings of Brazilian Nursing Congresses from 1977 to 1987. The main converging points appearing in the lecturers' speeches refer to: higher and secondary education; nursing care; healthcare policies; the image of nurses and its transformation over the years.     

Gender category in nursing

The aim of this study was to analyze the gender categories, in the gender studies in Brasilian Nursing. Using an exploratory approach, we analyze the articles in this area, published en ten Brasilian journals, from 1955 through 1997/1. Based on the analysis of the texts, the main categories to what the attention of the authors converged, were: gender and, historical and social determinants in the nursing profession development, gender and work, gender and health, gender and education, gender and feminism. Other important perspectives, less emphasized but emerging in the nursing literature, were: gender and caring, gender and family, gender and violence.     

Ageing,masculinity and Parkinson's disease: embodied perspectives

Parkinson's disease (PD) presents as an illness which predominantly affects older men. However older men's lived experiences of PD, including how they are influenced by age and gender relations has seen little empirical study. Drawing on Watson's male body schema, this paper explores how men engage with masculinities and ageing in order to make sense and meaning from PD. Data is presented from 30 narrative and semi structured interviews with 15 men of various ages who were living with PD. Findings suggest that PD threatens a visceral embodiment located in the body's basic movements and intimate functions; a pragmatic embodiment expressed through men's everyday occupations and an experiential embodiment concerned with emotions and sensations felt within and through the body. In addition, each dimension of men's embodiment also intersected with the ageing process, a process also shaped in turn by broader social and cultural concerns regarding the positions and possibilities of men's lives as they move through the life course. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of gender and ageing in understanding men's experiences of PD     

Education of nurses in the perspective of the Psychiatric reform

This study is the result of research conducted by senior students of the Nursing Course on the conceptions of the mental health/disease process in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform proposed countrywide. It was based on the theoretical-methodological system of the Historical and Dialectical Materialism and it has Work as its category of analysis. The empirical material was analyzed through the Speech Analysis technique. The themes gathered from the speeches converged into the formation of an empirical category that refers to the reproduction of the knowledge of traditional psychiatry in the teaching of Nursing, indicating a professional education based on that conservative social position.     

Educational practice expressing the care in public health

This study is a reflection about the educative practices importance as a care form in Public Health Nursing, from the experience developed in the Project of University Extension: Learning and Teaching with the Alto Sim?o, of the College of Nursing of the University of the State of the River of Janeiro - UERJ. The recital theoretician-methodological is based on the critical pedagogy in a Paulo Freire perspective and proposal the Shared Construction of the Knowledge. The results points to many forms to perceive the care and its relation with the educative action. Concluding, perceives that it has a potentiality in the extension as a space of formation directed to the care and as knowledge production and also shows the importance of educative action to the Nursing in Public Health.     

The concept of transcultural nursing: the analysis of its development in a Master degree dissertation

This is an analytic-bibliographic study which analyzes the concept of nursing in Leininger's Theory and the conceptual development of Nursing presented in the master's degree dissertation chosen for this study. Barnum's model for the analysis and evaluation of theories (Barnum 1998) was used, in relation to the clarity and consistency of the concept, together with questions about Nursing. The group of statements presented in Leininger's transcultural nursing concept and in the dissertation shows what is the focus of nursing and the intrinsic relation to the process of looking after somebody, which must be developed coherently with culture. It also demonstrates that Nursing has a body of specific professional knowledge which guides the care for the client, valuing one's individuality, subjectivity and way of seeing the world. The study made it possible to validate concepts taken from the Theory of Universality and Cultural Diversity of caring and their use in the research according to the analyzed criteria.     

‘We see it as being heterosexualised,being put into a care home’: gender,sexuality and housing/care preferences among older LGB individuals in the UK

This paper considers the lack of choice in sheltered housing and residential/nursing care provision for older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals in the UK. While there is a growing body of knowledge about their concerns about current options, the precise kinds of alternative provision which older LGB individuals would prefer are not yet well understood. This article reports on a qualitative study conducted in 2012 which aimed to explore ageing, gender and sexuality from an equalities perspective. The study deployed semi‐structured interviews with 60 older LGB individuals living in the UK, and used a thematic analysis approach to the data. This paper describes one aspect of the data, relating to participants’ concerns about health and social care provision. The analysis identified several key themes underpinning older LGB individuals’ concerns about mainstream sheltered accommodation and residential care, namely: lack of visibility, risky visibility, unequal openness and compulsory co‐occupation of care spaces. It highlights the significance of gender for housing/care preferences, with a greater proportion of older LGB women wanting gender‐ and/or sexuality‐specific provision compared with men. The social policy, equality and human rights implications of these findings are considered.     

The interrelationship between place and critical life transitions in later life social exclusion: A scoping review

Understanding the role of place in protecting against social exclusion (SE) and risk during critical life transitions (CLTs) in older age is essential to create effective community-level ageing policies. However, existing knowledge is diffuse across a range of literatures and lacks coherency. Through a two-stage scoping review, this paper aims to synthesise state-of-the-art international research linking place, old-age SE and CLTs. Findings show that: (1) place serves as a setting for, and as a mediator of exclusion resulting from CLTs and (2) theoretical conceptualisation to address the intersection of CLTs, place and SE in later life is underdeveloped. The implications of the state of scientific knowledge on this topic are discussed in relation to future research needs and ageing in place policy.     

Gerontology and interdisciplinary: relevant aspects to nursing

This article shows Gerontology as a rich area and full of gaps to be filled by the disciplines that form it, going beyond the conventional approaches to the elderly client and aiming at finding new Nursing paths as, among other sciences, it is in the process of knowledge building. The study aims at emphasizing the importance of Gerontology in an interdisciplinary context, specially for Nursing, as well as the relevance of the elderly client in the social context. The interdisciplinarity is the Gerontology guiding tool in the search for changes that may sum-up knowledge and efforts in the process of health development regarding the elderly clients and other disciplines, enabling Nursing advancement.     

The influence of non-verbal communication in nursing care

The present study is linked to the Center for Researching and Testing in Nursing at the Nursing School Alfredo Pinto - UNIRIO, and it started during the development of a monograph. The object of the study is the meaning of non-verbal communication under the optics of the nursing course undergraduates. The study presents the following objectives: to determine how non-verbal communication is comprehended among college students in nursing and to analyze in what way that comprehension influences nursing care. The methodological approach was qualitative, while the dynamics of sensitivity were applied as strategy for data collection. It was observed that undergraduate students identify the relevance and influence of non-verbal communication along nursing care, however there is a need in amplifying the knowledge of non-verbal communication process prior the implementation of nursing care.     

The movement for reassessing education and research in nursing history

The thematic focus of this work is a call for reconsidering Education and Research on Nursing History (NH). Such movement is deemed a late manifestation in a process of improvement in Nursing knowledge, mediated by the development of stricto sensu Postgraduate programs, by the end of the 20th century, when a wakening of the Nursing area was seen due to a need to search for balance between technical and scientific competence and the ability for social criticism and professional self-assessment. An analysis of the possibilities and limitations of education and research in NH is presented, as well as its contribution to the advancement of the profession, and implications from understanding NH as an interdisciplinary field are discussed.