Preparation and effect of a behavioral science-based education program for sleep improvement among medical students

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate a simple education program that is effective for sleep improvement among medical students who will be medical doctors in the future. The education program applied in the present study was developed for sleep improvement based on behavioral science and changes in knowledge and sleeping habits were observed. METHODS: Subjects were 6th-year medical students of 2002 and 2003. Students of 2002 attended a program including a 90-minute lecture and a 2-week practice learning session, and students of 2003 attended only the lecture. In the lecture, behavior therapy for chronic insomnia was explained using a booklet. In the practice learning session, students set a target behavior for improvement and conducted self-monitoring of their sleep and the targeted behavior. Changes in knowledge about sleep, attitude toward the therapy, sleep, and sleep-related habits were observed and compared between the 2 groups of subjects immediately and 2-weeks after the lecture. RESULTS: It was found that after both programs subjects had more knowledge about sleep than before. In the program including practice learning session, subjects' attitude for managing patients changed from before the lecture to after the lecture, and after the practice learning session. It was found that more than half of the students thought that they could provide sleep guidance based on the behavior therapy. Regarding the subjects' sleep, significant improvements were observed for "having nightmares upon falling asleep," "sleepiness during daytime," "sense of getting a sound sleep," and "mood upon waking up." Regarding sleep-related habits, significant improvements were observed for "taking a nap," "dozing off," and "eating breakfast." On the other hand, only the lecture subjects improved irregularity of bedtime and sleeping time. Although an increase in knowledge and improvement of sleep were observed among students who attended only the lecture, a further increase in knowledge and improvement of sleeping habits were observed among students who also attended the practice learning session. CONCLUSION: The results described herein suggest developing and providing a simple and convenient education program for sleep improvement was effective for increasing students' knowledge about sleep, developing improved coping methods regarding sleep, and improving sleep. It is also suggested that behavioral scientific instructive methods, including practice learning, are effective for medical education.     

某高校毕业生用耳习惯与听力损失的关系

目的 研究高校毕业生用耳习惯及与听力损失的关系,并为倡导健康用耳、保护年轻学生的听力提供重要依据。方法 本研究为横断面研究,采用职业健康检查和问卷调查相结合的方式,对184名研究对象的用耳习惯及听力损失情况进行统计学分析。结果 研究对象的高频段听力损失发生率为40.2%(74/184),7名研究对象存在语频段听力损失,发生率为3.8%(7/184),且均伴有高频段听力损失。有听耳机习惯(OR=2.067,95%CI:1.051~4.066)和听耳机入睡(OR=2.196,95%CI:1.031~4.677)是高校毕业生高频段听力损失的危险因素。结论 高校毕业生高频段听力损失问题严峻,提示学生需养成良好的用耳习惯,控制耳机使用时间;高校和公共卫生机构应加强在校学生健康用耳、听力保护健康教育,普及职业健康知识。     

大学生睡眠质量及其影响因素调查

[目的]了解当前高校大学生睡眠质量及其影响因素。[方法]运用睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)及自行设计的睡眠影响因素调查问卷对我校在校大学生进行分层随机抽样调查。[结果]52.00%的大学生存在睡眠问题,男生与女生之间、医学专业与非医学专业之间、城镇学生与农村学生之间睡眠质量差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),但不同年级学生睡眠质量差异有统计学意义。身体健康状况、学习和就业压力、经济来源担忧程度、恋爱问题、睡眠环境以及睡眠规律性等因素影响大学生睡眠质量。睡眠不佳时,多数被调查者白天出现情绪低落、身体功能(体力或精神、记忆力、注意力等)受影响、学习效率低下等情况。[结论]大学生存在不同程度的睡眠质量问题,欲改善大学生睡眠状况,应该把开展相应的心理、睡眠咨询,引导大学生养成良好的睡眠习惯,鼓励大学生坚持体育锻炼、增强体质等作为今后工作方向。     

Health behaviours in a Canadian community college sample: prevalence of drug use and interrelationships among behaviours.

This study investigated the prevalence of drug use among a Canadian college sample and the covariation of drug taking and other health-related behaviours. A representative sample of students at a community college in Alberta were interviewed using telephone surveys, mail-in questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Data was collected on drug, alcohol and caffeine use, cigarette smoking, eating habits, sleep habits and exercise. While use of illicit drugs did not appear to be widespread, alcohol appeared to be a primary substance abuse problem for a minority of subjects. Factor analysis indicated that the various health habits did not form one dimension of health-related behaviours. Four separate factors emerged: abusive drinking, eating habits, a drug use factor (caffeine intake, smoking, cannabis and hallucinogen use), and exercise levels. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research, treatment and intervention.     

江西省大学生超重肥胖睡眠时间现状及其相关性

目的 了解江西省大学生超重肥胖、睡眠时间现状及二者相关性,为制定大学生超重肥胖防控措施提供依据。方法 2019年9—10月,采用分层随机整群抽样法对江西省11个设区市2 605名大学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。结果江西省大学生超重肥胖、肥胖检出率分别为13.0%,3.6%。男生超重肥胖和肥胖检出率(20.8%,6.0%)均高于女生(8.4%,2.1%)(χ²值分别为82.34,25.79,P值均<0.01)。不同经济片区中,超重肥胖、肥胖检出率均以好片区最高(15.8%,5.6%),其次分别为差片区(13.6%,10.3%)和中片区(3.6%,2.0%),差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为11.57,14.62,P值均<0.01)。大学生平均睡眠时间为(7.48±1.26)h/d,睡眠充足、不足及过量率分别为69.1%,17.6%,13.3%。男生平均睡眠时间[(7.61±1.46) h/d]高于女生[(7.41±1.11)h/d](t=4.00,P<0.01);睡眠不足率(15.6%)低于女生(18.8%),睡眠过量率(16....     

The sleep habits, personality and academic performance of medical students

The academic performance of 104 fourth-year medical students was assessed in relation to their sleep habits reported in a questionary and their scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Poorer academic performance was related significantly to later times of waking up in the morning, particularly at weekends, and to subjectively poorer quality sleep, but not to the amount of sleep usually obtained. Poor academic performance was related also to scores on scales 3 (hysteria), 4 (psychopathic deviate) and 8 (schizophrenia) of the MMPI. Simple enquiries about sleep habits may make it easier for students who are at greatest risk of academic failure to be identified and helped.     

Gender differences in health-related practices among university students in northeast Thailand

The study aims at appraising gender differences in health-related practices, and health behaviour among university students of the Khon Kaen University, northeast Thailand, using a self-administered questionnaire. Of 539 university students, there were 155 males, 384 females, with mean ages 19.7 (+/- 1.2) and 19.6 (+/- 1.1) years, respectively. Persistent health problems were not significantly different between male and female students (12.9% vs. 15.4%). An average body mass index (BMI) was significantly different between male and female students (20.2 +/- 2.1 vs. 19.8 +/- 2.1). Female students reported positive health habits, in terms of drinking, smoking, sun protection, tooth brushing, fruit consumption, conscious efforts to avoid fat and cholesterol, over men, while regular exercise and safety belt use were more likely practised among male students. Using ANOVA and pairwise multiple comparisons, female students demonstrated better health eating habits than men (p = 0.0001). Coronary heart disease preventive habits between the medical and nonmedical faculty was greater for female students than for male students (p = 0.0006 for gender; p = 0.0001 for faculty). Health behaviour (combination of health eating habits, deliberate nutritional practices and coronary heart diseases preventive behaviour) was found to be better practised among women than men (p = 0.0001). These findings, therefore, should focus attention on university students as a target group for health education.     

高中生睡眠质量现状及影响因素分析

  目的  研究高中生睡眠质量现状及影响因素, 为有针对性地改善高中生睡眠质量提供依据。  方法  2020年在中国4个区域(上海、青海、澳门、河南)招募各年级高中生4 793名, 问卷收集人口统计学信息、睡眠情况、精神状况、生活习惯等信息, 采用描述性统计和Logistic回归方法分析高中生睡眠质量及影响因素。  结果  高中生睡眠障碍检出率为24.2%, 睡眠时间 < 7 h/d者占71.4%。单因素分析显示, 人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑症状、学习压力、家庭压力、人际关系压力对高中生睡眠障碍影响有统计学意义(χ2值分别为1 147.98, 1 228.35, 1 032.54, 371.05, 497.61, 475.39, P值均 < 0.01)。咖啡浓茶、饮酒、吸烟(包括二手烟)、电子产品使用、晚睡、睡前饮食、不良睡眠环境、父母患睡眠障碍与高中生睡眠障碍发生呈正相关, 规律运动与高中生睡眠障碍发生呈负相关(χ2值分别为160.28, 127.73, 108.02, 113.27, 470.91, 340.95, 72.02, 155.53, 116.30, 76.96, 28.75, 12.89, P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  高中生睡眠质量有待改善。学校及家长应注意高中生的心理健康及生活习惯, 帮助高中生提升睡眠质量, 顺利成长。     

睡眠时长、饮食习惯与学龄儿童肥胖的关系

  目的  探讨6~14岁学龄儿童睡眠时长、饮食习惯与肥胖的关联。  方法  采用分层整群抽样的方法,以广东省茂名市10所中小学在校学生为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集人口学、儿童夜间和日间睡眠时长、饮食习惯、父母身高、体重等信息,通过体格测量获得儿童的身高和体重值。  结果  共获得有效问卷5 179份,儿童肥胖检出率为14.02%,男生肥胖率高于女生,差异有统计学意义。5 179名儿童中,高达40.72%的儿童夜间睡眠不足,且低年龄段(6~11岁)睡眠不足比例高于高年龄段(12~14岁),女生睡眠不足比例高于男生,差异均有统计学意义。儿童夜间睡眠时长与肥胖高危饮食评分之间呈负相关(r=-0.112, P < 0.001)。在调整其他变量的作用后,多因素分析显示充足的夜间睡眠时间、平均每餐用餐时间>10 min可降低男童肥胖的风险,但在女童中这种关联无统计学意义。  结论  儿童睡眠时长和饮食习惯为肥胖的独立影响因素,儿童肥胖的干预应保证足够的睡眠时长和培养健康的饮食习惯。     

2018年某高校新生体质指数及生活习惯的调查分析

目的 了解江苏某高校2018级新生体质指数及生活习惯,分析生活习惯对体质指数的影响,为指导大学生养成健康生活习惯、塑造良好身体素质提供依据。方法 入学体检测量新生身高、体重,随机抽取部分专业学生完成生活习惯调查。结果 完成调查问卷的350名新生,体质指数正常、过轻、过重、肥胖者占比分别为57.71%、28%、10.29%和4%。男生体质指数高于女生(P<0.01),男生过重及肥胖检出率高于女生(P<0.05),女生过轻检出率高于男生(P<0.01)。完成调查问卷的新生中,65.43%每日规律三餐饮食,69.14%有每周运动的习惯。规律饮食组体质指数正常检出率高于非规律饮食组(P<0.05),每周运动3次及以上学生体质指数正常检出率高于其他学生(P<0.05)。超重学生睡眠满意度低于其他学生(P<0.05)。结论 新入学大学生体质指数过轻与超重问题并存,饮食及运动习惯有待改善,高校需重视体质指数监测,有针对性开展饮食及运动健康教育。     

女大学生妇科卫生保健现状

目的:在女大学生中有针对性地开展妇科卫生保健教育和指导活动,普及女性外阴保健知识。方法:采用自行设计并经预试验校正的调查表,应用分层整群随机抽样方法对全国医学、非医学类(理工、农业、师范)院校的800名在校女大学生进行问卷调查。结果:女大学生在某些妇科卫生保健习惯方面存在问题,非医学类院校女大学生的保健习惯良好者少于医学类院校女大学生,且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应加强对非医学类院校女大学生的妇科卫生保健教育和指导。     

秦皇岛市大学生肺结核危险因素分析

目的探讨大学生肺结核的危险因素。方法采用成组设计的病例对照流行病学研究方法对126例大学生肺结核患者与154例大学生对照人群进行危险因素的相关问卷调查,资料处理采用单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析。结果单因素分析结果显示,每天上网时间、吸烟、体育锻炼、BMI、饮食习惯、睡眠时间与肺结核的关系差异有统计学意义。多因素分析结果显示上网时间、吸烟、体育锻炼、BMI、饮食习惯、睡眠时间与肺结核的关系差异有统计学意义。结论大学生肺结核的发生主要与每天上网时间、吸烟、体育锻炼、BMI、饮食习惯、睡眠时间有关。     

大学生饮料消费睡眠质量和抑郁症状的关系

研究睡眠质量在饮料消费与大学生抑郁症状关联中的中介作用,为预防和减轻大学生抑郁症状提供理论依据.方法 采用横断面研究的方法,从安徽省和江西省2所大学整群抽取大一至大三4 624名大学生进行问卷调查.应用9项患者健康问卷(Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items,PHQ-9)评估抑郁症状,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评估睡眠质量,使用自我报告的饮食频率调查表评估饮料的消费.使用分位数回归模型进行关联分析,应用潜变量中介效应模型分析中介效应.结果 大学生轻度、中度、中重度和重度抑郁检出率分别为31.4%,7.5%,4.1%和2.0%.饮料消费评分、PSQI评分和PHQ-9评分之间的关联有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).饮料消费和PSQI评分的分位数越高,回归系数更大,呈现明显的剂量反应关系(P<0.01).在饮料消费与大学生抑郁症状关联的潜变量中介效应模型中,睡眠质量的中介效应值为0.12,中介效应占总效应的比例为71.3%.结论 大学生较差的睡眠质量在饮料消费与抑郁症状之间起部分中介作用.     

大学生营养知识和饮食习惯现状调查

目的了解大学生营养知识与饮食习惯现况,为提高大学生健康水平提供依据。方法对198名在校大学生进行了问卷调查。问卷涉及日常饮食、饮食习惯、营养知识、饮食态度等4个方面。结果59.1%的学生经常吃早餐,14.6%的学生偶尔吃早餐,26.3%的学生几乎不吃早餐,经常吃早餐者的比例女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.007,p<0.05);饮食习惯则过多地食用方便面、油炸食品、腌酱菜食品、火腿肠,只有7.5%的大学生不摄取这4种食品;而吃鱼、牛奶、蔬菜的比例较低,分别占43.0%、16.6%、59.1%。在男生中存在喝酒等不良习惯者高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.521,p<0.05);学生普遍缺乏对营养知识的了解;70.2%的学生以"口味"作为首选食物标准,仅18.7%选择"营养"。结论学生营养知识和饮食习惯存在较多问题,应加强大学生营养知识的教育,纠正其不合理的饮食习惯。     

武汉市某大学学生饮食行为调查

目的了解武汉某高校大学生的日常饮食习惯和态度，为有针对性的培养良好的饮食行为提供依据。方法2007年5月采用问卷调查的方法对四个年级276名大学生进行饮食行为调查结果能够保证三餐非常规律的大学生仅有33．9％，39．9％的大学生早餐很不规律，有29．2％的大学生经常吃零食，两项不同问题调查显示，有49．5％的大学生和高达56．7％的大学生在饮食中关注感官享受重于健康。结论武汉某高校大学生存在不利于健康的饮食习惯和态度，学校应给予合理的建议和指导，培养他们良好的饮食行为。     

The Effects of Nutrition Awareness and Knowledge on Health Habits and Performance Among Pharmacy Students in Egypt

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of pharmacy students to assess the relation between nutritional knowledge and awareness of university students and their nutrition habits and health related performance and indicators. The students were subjected to a questionnaire designed to approach four health related topics including nutrition literacy, health awareness, nutritional habits and health related performance. Answers on each topic were collected and statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5 software including a measure of gender differences and correlative studies. No significant difference between genders in the overall responses but discrepancies in certain questions were observed. Female students showed higher awareness of nutrition concepts and practices but poor implementation from their side was observed. The study revealed that a positive and significant correlation existed between health related performance and nutrition literacy (r?=?0.32). Healthier eating habits and lifestyle were associated more with nutrition conscious students (r?=?0.73) than knowledgeable students (r?=?0.56). It was concluded that knowledge alone is not enough to stimulate individuals to practice healthy habits. Other implementations are required to raise awareness of the issues at hand.     

大学生营养知识和饮食习惯现状调查

目的了解大学生营养知识与饮食习惯现况，为提高大学生健康水平提供依据。方法对198名在校大学生进行了问卷调查。问卷涉及日常饮食、饮食习惯、营养知识、饮食态度等4个方面。结果59．1％的学生经常吃早餐，14．6％的学生偶尔吃早餐，26．3％的学生几乎不吃早餐，经常吃早餐者的比例女生高于男生，差异有统计学意义（X^2=14．007，p〈0．05）；饮食习惯则过多地食用方便面、油炸食品、腌酱菜食品、火腿肠，只有7．5％的大学生不摄取这4种食品；而吃鱼、牛奶、蔬菜的比例较低，分别占43．0％、16．6％、59．1％。在男生中存在喝酒等不良习惯者高于女生，差异有统计学意义（X^2=14．521，p〈0．05）；学生普遍缺乏对营养知识的了解；70．2％的学生以“口味”作为首选食物标准，仅18．7％选择“营养”。结论学生营养知识和饮食习惯存在较多问题，应加强大学生营养知识的教育，纠正其不合理的饮食习惯。     

Chronobiological aspects of sleep of nurses in a university hospital

This study was aimed at identifying the chronotype of nurses in the morning and evening shifts of a university hospital, how these workshifts influence their sleep and correlate chronotypes with influences of sleep on and off the workplace. Fifteen nurses participated in the study by answering to the questionnaire of Horne&Ostberg and semi-structured interviews between March and July 2010. Data from questionnaires were organized into spreadsheets and the interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis. Nurses worked as follows: five in moderately morning shift, four in indifferent shift, two in moderately evening shift, three in evening shift and one in morning shift. Shift work was found to develop peculiar eating and sleep habits. The chronobiological profile did not translate subjectivities regarding sleep and work shifts. Night nurses demonstrated higher dysfunction in sleep-wake cycle, which had an impact on the daily lives of all nurses.     

The dynamics of tobacco smoking among male educated youths in Aleppo–Syria

Understanding the dynamics of the smoking habit among youths at different stages of their development is crucial for the adoption of effective tobacco control policies. We looked at the smoking habits of 576 male university students and compared it with previously studied 555 male high school students in Aleppo–Syria, stratified into four groups with 2-year interval each. The prevalence of current smoking among 1st and 3rd year university students is 18.2% and 29.4% respectively, compared to 10.5% and 22.6% among 10th and 12th year high school students respectively. This study shows a late onset initiation of regular forms of smoking compared to patterns seen in developed countries.