超声引导下改良肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞用于前臂手术的效果

目的:评价超声引导下改良肋锁间隙(CCS)臂丛神经阻滞用于前臂手术的效果。方法:2020年9月至2021年5月择期行前臂手术患者80例,性别不限,年龄18~75岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m 2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为2组( n＝40)：一点注射对照组(C组)和两点注射改良组...     

0.5％罗哌卡因用于超声引导下肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞的半数有效容量

目的采用序贯法测定0.5%罗哌卡因用于前臂尺骨骨折患者超声引导下肋锁间隙(CCS)臂丛神经阻滞的半数有效容量(EV_(50))。方法选择2018年2—8月行前臂尺骨折手术患者40例,在超声引导下行CCS臂丛神经阻滞。从预试验中出现阳性反应的其中一个较大容量22 ml开始试验,相邻容量梯度变化为1.2 ml。若前一例患者阻滞30 min内疼痛完全缓解视为阻滞成功,下一例患者罗哌卡因容量下降一级;若阻滞30 min内疼痛未完全缓解视为失败,下一例患者罗哌卡因容量上升一级,获得7个拐点研究结束。采用概率回归法计算0.5%罗哌卡因用于前臂尺骨骨折患者超声引导下肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞的EV_(50)及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果 40例患者中23例(58%)阻滞成功,0.5%罗哌卡因EV_(50)为17.9 ml(95%CI 15.5～20.3 ml)。结论超声引导下0.5%罗哌卡因用于前臂尺骨骨折患者肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞半数有效容量EV_(50)为17.9 ml。     

超声引导下肋锁间隙和喙突入路锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞在前臂或手部术中效果的比较

目的比较超声引导下肋锁间隙(CCS)臂丛神经阻滞与超声引导下喙突入路锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞在前臂或手部术中临床麻醉效果。方法选取拟行前臂或手部手术患者58例,男33例,女25例,年龄18~70岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,随机分为超声引导下CCS臂丛神经阻滞组(A组)和超声引导下喙突入路锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞组(B组)。分别给予0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml,记录臂丛神经深度,神经阻滞操作时间,注射局麻药后5、10、20、30 min臂丛神经分支(正中神经、尺神经、桡神经、肌皮神经)感觉阻滞和运动阻滞情况,神经阻滞持续时间,以及麻醉相关不良反应等。结果 A组臂丛神经深度(2.0±1.2)cm,明显浅于B组(3.5±1.8)cm(P0.05);A组神经阻滞操作时间(2.0±1.5)min,明显短于B组(4.0±1.5)min(P0.05);注射局麻药后5、10 min A组正中神经、尺神经、桡神经、肌皮神经的感觉阻滞率均明显高于B组(P0.05);注药后10 min A组尺神经、桡神经、肌皮神经的运动阻滞率明显高于B组(P0.05),其余时点两组运动阻滞率差异无统计学意义。两组无一例呼吸困难、恶心呕吐、耳鸣等不良反应。结论超声引导下肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞较喙突入路锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞深度浅,神经阻滞穿刺操作时间更短,其感觉阻滞和运动阻滞起效更快。     

超声引导喙突处锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞与逆行锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞的比较

目的 比较超声引导喙突处锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞与逆行锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞的临床麻醉效果.方法 拟行前臂或手部手术患者60例,随机分为两组,分别行超声引导下喙突处锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞(观察组)和超声引导逆行锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞(对照组),每组30例.记录麻醉成功率、麻醉操作时间、持续时间及并发症发生例数、各臂丛神经的起效时间.结果 对照组尺神经、前臂内侧皮神经起效时间较观察组短(P＜0.05).对照组有5例Homer's综合征,1例误入血管.结论 超声引导喙突处锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞和逆行锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞均是可行有效的区域麻醉方法.     

超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞在上肢手术中的应用

目的观察超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞在上肢手术中的应用效果。方法 40例急诊或择期行上肢或手部手术的患者,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,随机均分为超声引导组(US组)和传统解剖定位组(NS组),两组均合并使用神经刺激器,局麻药均为0.4%罗哌卡因,US组为30 ml,NS组为40 ml。观察两组麻醉操作完成时间、感觉阻滞起效时间、运动起效时间、感觉恢复时间、运动恢复时间。结果 US组麻醉完成时间、感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间明显短于NS组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论超声引导合并神经刺激器行臂丛神经阻滞可缩短麻醉完成时间,减少局麻药用药量,延长麻醉作用时间,减少并发症的发生。     

超声引导下小儿肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞

目的 探讨超声引导下小儿肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的可行性和安全性.方法 36例拟行肱骨髁部骨折切开复位内固定术患儿,应用高频超声探头扫描肌间沟内臂丛神经的分布,测量神经干的直径和距离皮肤的深度,在超声引导下以0.25%布比卡因行肌间沟臂丛阻滞.结果 超声扫描36例小儿肌间沟内臂丛神经均清晰显示,超声引导下以0.25%布比卡因行肌间沟臂丛阻滞麻醉有效率达100%.结论 超声引导下小儿肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞安全可行.     

超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞在全麻患者中的应用

目的 评估超声引导下肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞(ISBPB)在全麻患者中应用的效果.方法 选择择期全麻下单侧卜肢手术患者60例,随机均分成三组.三组采用同种方案麻醉诱导,丙泊酚术中麻醉维持速率为75 μg·kg-1·min-1,根据MAP监测值调整雷米芬太尼注药速度以维持MAP波动在基础值的10%～20%范围之内.Ⅰ组插管后在超声引导下于患侧肌间沟穿刺并同定20G静脉留置针;Ⅱ组按常规方法完成操作,两组均注入0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml后连接微量注射泵以5 ml/h速度输注0.375%岁哌卡因直至手术结束;Ⅲ组不实施臂丛阻滞.比较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组神经阻滞操作时间、术中麻醉药物用量及术后疼痛情况.结果 Ⅰ组患者术中雷米芬太尼用量低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),呼之睁眼时间Ⅰ组短于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组拔管后5、10 min的VRS明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 超声引导下ISBPB在全麻患者中应用效果确实,可显著减少镇痛药物用量.     

超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞在上肢手术中的临床观察和经验

目的　研究超声引导臂丛神经阻滞相对于传统盲探下臂丛神经阻滞的优越性和实践经验。方法　选取我院采用超声引导臂丛神经阻滞上肢手术20例（超声引导组）,同时选择同期采用盲探异感法臂丛神经阻滞（盲探臂丛阻滞组）20例,比较两组患者各生理指标、生命体征变化、神经阻滞效应和并发症。结果　超声引导组患者的麻醉起效时间、镇痛维持时间、成功率均优于盲探臂丛阻滞组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;盲探臂丛阻滞组的并发症高于超声引导组,但其差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞有助于使麻药准确注入至最佳位置,提高麻醉质量。     

B超引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉效果观察

目的观察B超引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法选取2016-03—2017-05间在郑州大学第二附属医院接受上肢手术的150例患者。随机分为2组,各75例。对照组行传统臂丛神经盲探阻滞麻醉,观察组在B超引导下行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较2组操作时间、用药剂量、起效时间、镇痛维持时间及不良反应发生率。结果观察组的麻醉有效率、并发症发生率、操作时间、用药起效时间、用药剂量及镇痛维持时间均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 B超引导下臂丛神经阻滞麻醉效果显著,用药剂量较少、操作时间短、起效快、镇痛维持时间长而且不良反应轻微。     

超声引导肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的临床应用

目的 比较超声引导联合神经刺激器(US)定位与单纯神经刺激器(NS)定位行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的效果及安全性.方法 选择拟行上肢手术的患者40例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为US组和NS组.两组均给予0.5%的罗哌卡因30ml.记录寻找目标神经所需时间和完成操作所需时间、感觉神经阻滞起效和持续时间;评价各神经支配区域的感觉阻滞程度、手术区域麻醉效果(优、良、失败);观察并记录并发症.结果 US组完成操作所需时间(3.7±1.1)min,明显短于NS组的(7.2±3.5)min(P<0.01).US组感觉阻滞起效时间(12.0±2.4)min,明显快于NS组(15.2±3.0)min(P<0.05).麻醉效果优等率US组为85%,NS组为70%,差异无统计学意义.US组未出现并发症;NS组有3例患者出现与神经阻滞相关的并发症.结论 超声引导下行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞操作时间短,阻滞起效快,效果好,并发症少.     

Bloqueio costoclavicular guiado por ultrassonografia como alternativa para anestesia de membro superior em paciente obeso

Background and objectivesCostoclavicular brachial plexus block is an anesthesia performed through the infraclavicular route described in the literature as a safe and effective route for upper limb anesthesia distal to the elbow. The following report describes the case of a patient whose traditional plexus blocking techniques presented ultrasound visualization difficulty, but the costoclavicular approach was easy to visualize for anesthetic blockade.Case reportA grade 3 obese patient scheduled for repair of left elbow fracture and dislocation. Ultrasound examination revealed a distorted anatomy of the supraclavicular region and the axillary region with skin lesions, which made it impossible to perform the blockade in these regions. It was decided to perform an infraclavicular plexus block at the costoclavicular space, where the brachial plexus structures are more superficial and closer together, supported by a muscular structure, lateral to all adjacent vascular structures and with full view of the pleura. The anesthetic block was effective to perform the procedure with a single injection and uneventfully.ConclusionCostoclavicular brachial plexus block is a good alternative for upper limb anesthesia distal to the elbow, being a safe and effective option for patients who are obese or have other limitations to the use of other upper limb blocking techniques.     

Upper extremity surgery in younger children under ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a case series

Purpose  

Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is considered to be one of the most effective anesthetic procedures for upper extremity surgeries. Its major drawback is placement of the needle, with inaccurate placement, especially in children, being a risk factor for pneumothorax and vascular puncture and failure of the procedure. Ultrasound-guided needle placement may reduce the risk of complications and increase the accuracy of the block, particularly in pediatric patients. Little has been published on the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block in children based on practical experience, and there has been no published report on its usage in younger children (<6 years old).     

穿刺针导引技术在超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞中的应用

目的设计超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞时的穿刺针导引器,并在体外和临床上验证其效果。方法自制一个穿刺针导引器,其主要部分是一个双层的扇形不锈钢薄片。选择80例在臂丛神经阻滞下行上肢手术的患者,随机分为自由手组和导引组,每组40人。由四位麻醉医师实施在超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞(锁骨上入路),每位医师完成20例,10例用自由手技术,10例用穿刺针导引器引导技术。记录穿刺针的主观可视性、阻滞完成时间、临床效果以及麻醉医师和患者对臂丛神经阻滞的满意度。结果导引组的针的主观可视性显著优于自由手组(P<0.05);导引组的阻滞完成时间明显短于自由手组(P<0.01);麻醉医师使用导引技术的满意度高于使用自由手技术(P<0.05)。结论使用穿刺针引导技术更容易完成超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞。     

Upper extremity surgery in younger children under ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a case series

Purpose  

Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is considered as one of the most effective anesthetic methods for upper extremity surgeries. Its major drawback, especially in children, is the risk of pneumothorax, vascular puncture, and failure of the procedure due to inaccurate placement of the needle. Ultrasound-guided needle placement may reduce the risk of complications and increase the accuracy of block, particularly in pediatric patients. There are few published experiences about the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block in children and to our knowledge, it seems that there is no published report about its usage in younger children (less than 6 years of age).     

Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block in a patient with multiple glomangiomatosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glomangiomas are rare, vascular tumors consisting of an afferent artery, arteriovenous canal, neuro-reticular elements, collagen, and efferent veins, and are most often located in the soft tissue of the upper extremities. We describe how the use of ultrasound-guided nerve blockade altered the anesthetic management of a patient with multiple glomangiomatosis undergoing elective forearm surgery. ULTRASOUND FINDINGS: A 32-year-old man was scheduled for excision of painful glomangiomas from the ulnar aspect of his right wrist, with exploration of his ulnar nerve. The anesthetic concerns included (1) morbid obesity, (2) chronic pain syndrome and opioid intolerance, (3) a potentially difficult airway, and (4) obstructive sleep apnea. Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular blockade was the proposed anesthetic of choice. Ultrasound scan of the supraclavicular fossa revealed numerous vascular lesions surrounding the divisions of the brachial plexus. Color Doppler imaging confirmed these pulsatile lesions to be vascular in origin. Even under two-dimensional ultrasound guidance, we believed that the risk of vascular puncture and unintentional intravascular injection of local anesthetic was high, and therefore we abandoned the supraclavicular approach. A successful ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blockade was performed uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Although multiple glomangiomatosis is a rare disease, this case illustrates the invaluable contribution that ultrasound has made to modern, regional anesthetic practice, especially for patients with aberrant anatomy in whom traditional nerve-localization techniques could result in serious complications.