脂质灌注对大鼠血浆抵抗素和ghrelin的影响*

目的：探讨脂质灌注对大鼠血浆抵抗素和ghrelin的影响。 方法： 采用正糖钳夹技术，在钳夹前后分别测定生理盐水对照组和脂质灌注组血浆抵抗素和ghrelin浓度，并用［3H］-葡萄糖作为示踪剂测定外周组织和肝糖的代谢。 结果： 脂质灌注组大鼠血浆游离脂肪酸（FFA）明显增加（P<0.01），葡萄糖输注率（GIR）明显降低（P<0.01）。对照组肝糖产率（HGP）明显被抑制（88%）。脂质输注组胰岛素对HGP的抑制作用明显减弱。在钳夹期间，脂质组与对照组比葡萄糖清除率（GRd）轻度降低。在正糖钳夹术结束时，对照组血浆ghrelin水平与钳夹前相比明显降低(P<0.05)。4 h的脂质灌注也引起了血浆ghrelin浓度的明显下降(P<0.05)，但是在钳夹结束时和对照组比没有明显差异。相关性分析表明空腹血浆ghrelin水平与空腹胰岛素和血糖呈明显负相关（r=-0.52和r=-0.61, P<0.05）。脂质灌注后大鼠血浆抵抗素水平较灌注前和对照组明显升高（P<0.01），空腹血浆抵抗素浓度与空腹FFA（r=0.68, P<0.01）、血糖（r=0.66, P<0.01）呈明显正相关。 结论： 脂质灌注诱导了肝脏和外周的胰岛素抵抗，抵抗素在胰岛素抵抗的形成中可能具有重要作用。高胰岛素血症，而不是游离脂肪酸，降低了大鼠循环ghrelin水平。     

血清胰淀素水平与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（DM2）血清胰淀素水平的变化,研究胰淀素与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法：收集初诊DM2患者46例,另选健康对照组41例,检测所有受试者空腹状态下胰淀素和血脂、血尿酸、空腹血糖及胰岛素水平,同时测定体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）,比较各组间差异。结果：与正常组相比,DM2组的胰淀素水平亦较对照组低（P〈0.05）,胰岛素抵抗指数（Homa-IR）显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。胰淀素与体重指数、腰臀比、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平、Homa-IR、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油呈显著负相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈显著正相关。与胰岛β细胞功能、血清胆固醇、血尿酸无相关性。逐步多元回归分析提示腰臀比和空腹胰岛素水平是影响胰淀素水平最显著的因素。结论：DM2患者存在IR、低胰淀素血症,低胰淀素血症可能与DM2的IR互为因果。     

胰岛素抵抗综合征患者血视黄醇结合蛋白4和脂联素的相关性研究

目的：研究超重或肥胖（OW/OB）、糖调节受损（IGR）及2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血浆视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）的变化及与脂联素（APN）、糖脂代谢、胰岛素敏感性等的相关性。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法测定了22例对照组、30例OW/OB、30例IGR和35例T2DM患者血浆RBP4和APN水平，测定空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂，量腰围、臀围，计算腰臀比，测身高及体重，计算体重指数。结果:RBP4在OW/OB组、IGR组和T2DM组均较正常组高（P<0.01），IGR组较OW/OB组高（P<0.01），但IGR组和T2DM组间差异无显著。相关分析显示RBP4与W、WHR、FPG、HOMA-IR、TG显著相关（相关系数分别为r=0.550、0.444、0.552、0.545、0.555）；多元逐步回归分析显示，FPG、TG、WHR、HOMA-IR是RBP4的独立相关因素（决定系数分别为r2=0.457、0.308、0.531、0.558）。无论是研究对象总体还是各亚组，RBP4与APN均无相关。结论:胰岛素抵抗综合征患者血浆RBP4水平显著升高。RBP4与APN无相关，表明调节不同的脂肪细胞因子分泌的信号是不同的。     

瘦素、脂联素与妊娠期糖尿病胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的探讨瘦素、脂联素与妊娠期糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法采用稳态模型评估法评估正常糖耐量孕妇（NGT）糖耐量减低孕妇（GIGT）和妊娠期糖尿病孕妇（GDM）的胰岛素抵抗指数,采用放射免疫分析方法检测其血浆瘦素、脂联素、血糖及胰岛素水平。结果 GDM组和GIGT组HOMA-IR显著高于NGT组,GDM组HOMA-IR显著高于GIGT组。血清瘦素水平由NGT组到GIGT组和GDM组呈显著增高,瘦素与空腹胰岛素、孕晚期体重指数、HOMA-IR呈显著正相关;血清脂联素由NGT组到GIGT组和GDM组呈显著下降,脂联素与空腹胰岛素、孕晚期体重指数、HOMA-IR呈显著负相关。结论瘦素、脂联素水平与GDM患者IR程度密切相关,其水平可作为预测妊娠期糖尿病胰岛素敏感性的指标,将来可能是治疗妊娠期糖尿病的新靶点。     

2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平分析

目的：探讨２型糖尿病患者血清瘦素（Ｌｅｐｔｉｎ）水平的变化及意义。方法：采用放射免疫法测定１０９例２型糖尿病患者及８４例非糖尿病对照者的血清瘦素水平,观察其与性别、年龄、体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、腰臀比率（ＷＨＲ）、空腹血糖（ＦＰＧ）、糖化血红蛋白（ＨｂＡｌｃ）、空腹血浆胰岛素（ＦＩＮＳ）等指标的关系。结果：２型糖尿病组与对照组之间血清瘦素水平无显著性差异,但无论是在２型糖尿病患者还是对照者中,女性血清     

IGF-1与心血管疾病的相关性研究

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）与心血管疾病的相关性及其临床意义。方法收集心血管疾病、心血管疾病合并糖尿病、糖尿病共228例及正常对照组79例为实验对象,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围,计算其腰臀比、体重指数（BMI）,抽取静脉血检测空腹血糖、血脂,用ELISA方法检测血清IGF-1水平。结果血清IGF-1水平在心血管疾病组为（167.55±61.23）ng/ml、心血管疾病合并糖尿病组为（169.24±71.69）ng/ml、糖尿病组为（179.53±66.54）ng/ml,均高于正常对照组的（147.02±49.52）ng/ml,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;分析显示,收缩压、腰臀比、LDL-C、血糖是心血管疾病的独立危险因素;IGF-1浓度与BMI（r=0.042,P=0.049）、年龄（r=0.116,P=0.043）、腰臀比（r=0.129,P=0.024）呈正相关。结论 IGF-1参与了心血管疾病、糖尿病的发生发展。     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素的检测及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨检测血清抵抗素水平用于2型糖尿病诊断的意义,并分析其与胰岛素抵抗的关系. 方法 随机收集2型糖尿病患者117例、健康对照组109例,测定其空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素和抵抗素水平.比较上述指标在糖尿病患者和健康对照人群之间的差异.分析抵抗素用于糖尿病诊断的灵敏度、特异度、正确率和ROC曲线下面积.应用Pearson直线相关分析计算抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗指数的相关性. 结果 2型糖尿病患者的血清抵抗素、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗指数均显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01).抵抗素用于糖尿病诊断的灵敏度为70.09%、特异度为64.22%、正确率为67.30%、ROC曲线下面积为0.695,诊断试验的准确度为中等.糖尿病患者的血清抵抗素水平与其胰岛素抵抗指数呈显著正相关(r=0.803,P<0.01). 结论 2型糖尿病的发生可能与抵抗素水平增高有关.检测血清抵抗素可用于糖尿病的辅助诊断,并可作为评价胰岛素抵抗程度的一种新的敏感指标.     

内脂素、抵抗素在妊娠期糖尿病发病中的作用

目的探讨新近发现的两种脂肪细胞因子——内脂素和抵抗素,与胰岛素抵抗的关系及其在妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病中的作用。方法采用病例对照的研究方法,通过检测40例GDM孕妇和40例正常孕妇的血清内脂素(Visfa-tin)、抵抗素(Resistin)空腹血糖(FPG)和空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算HOMA稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI),比较两组胰岛素抵抗程度的差异,并进一步分析内脂素、抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系及其在GDM发生过程中所起的作用。结果 (1)GDM组的血清内脂素、抵抗素、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)和胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。(2)相关分析表明:GDM孕妇的血清内脂素、抵抗素均与胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)呈显著正相关(r=0.568,0.618,P=0.000),而内脂素与抵抗素之间亦呈密切正相关(r=0.919,P=0.000)。结论 (1)GDM孕妇的血清内脂素、抵抗素水平较正常孕妇明显增高。(2)内脂素、抵抗素均与胰岛素抵抗呈正相关。(3)血清内脂素、抵抗素水平增高以及二者对胰岛素敏感性调节所产生的综合效应是诱导妊娠期糖尿病发生或促进其发展的重要因素。     

吡格列酮和二甲双胍治疗对2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素的影响

探讨吡格列酮和二甲双胍治疗对2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素和胰岛素抵抗的不同影响。将48例初诊肥胖2型糖尿病患者随机分两组,分别给予二甲双胍（M组）和二甲双胍联合吡格列酮（MP组）治疗12周,于治疗前后测定受试者空腹血清抵抗素、血糖（FBS）、血脂、胰岛素（FINS）,测量身高、体重,计算体重指数（BMI）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果显示,与治疗前相比,MP组FBS、FINS、HOMA-IR、抵抗素水平明显降低（P〈0.01）;M组抵抗素水平没有明显改变（P〉0.05）,BMI、FINS、HOMA-IR水平明显降低（P〈0.01）。结论：吡格列酮治疗能有效降低肥胖2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素水平。     

2型糖尿病患者C反应蛋白、脂联素和瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)、脂联素(APN)、瘦素(Leptin)水平、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)病变易患因素的关系。方法用RIA法测定2型糖尿病患者血浆leptin和胰岛素(FINS),用ELSIA法测定血清ANP,用全自动生化分析仪常规测定血清CRP、空腹血糖(FPG),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR,FPG×FINS/22.5),以正常健康体检者为对照组,进行对比分析。结果 CRP、leptin、HOMA-IR在2型糖尿病组显著高于对照组(P<0.01),ANP显著低于对照组(P<0.01);线性相关显示2型糖尿病HOMA-IR与CRP(r=0.36,P<0.05)、leptin(r=0.39,P<0.05)呈正相关,2型糖尿病HOMA-IR与APN(r=-0.32,P<0.05)呈负相关。结论低APN和高CRP、leptin血症可能是糖尿病的发病因子,它们的代谢紊乱与胰岛素抵抗有密切关系。     

2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平及临床意义

目的：观察2型糖尿病（DM2）患者血清瘦素（leptin）水平及其与肥胖、血糖、血脂的关系。方法：采用放射免疫分析（RIA）测定42例DM2患者和38例正常对照组的血清leptin水平。结果：DM2组血清leptin水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）;血清leptin与体重指数（BMI）、血清胰岛素（INS）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、脂蛋白LDL-C呈正相关。结论：DM2患者的高leptin血症与肥胖、血脂异常及胰岛素抵抗（IR）密切相关。     

Leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin and resistin in relation to OGTT in overweight/obese postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: In obese postmenopausal women with normal glucose metabolism (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) we assessed serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in order to investigate their response to acute changes in glucose and insulin in the abnormal glucose metabolism, as it is early detected by IGT. METHODS: Thirty in total, overweight/obese postmenopausal women, were included in the study: 15 with NGT and 15 with IGT as it was diagnosed by OGTT. Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured at 30 min intervals, leptin, sOB-R, adiponectin and resistin at 60 min intervals during the 120 min OGTT. RESULTS: In fasting state, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and sOB-R levels did not differ between the two groups. In women with NGT, leptin was positively correlated with BMI, insulin and HOMA, and negatively correlated with QUICKI and with sOB-R; adiponectin was negatively correlated with insulin and HOMA and positively correlated with QUICKI. In women with IGT, resistin was positively correlated with BMI and waist circumference. In both groups, sOB-R was negatively correlated with insulin. During OGTT, in both groups, leptin concentration increased significantly and fasting glucose predicts significantly serum leptin change; there was no change in adiponectin, resistin and sOB-R concentrations. CONCLUSION: In overweight/obese postmenopausal women fat distribution does not affect leptin and adiponectin production. Abnormal glucose metabolism is not accompanied by disturbance in adipokines production. Leptin secretion is acutely regulated by glucose levels in insulin presence.     

2型糖尿病患者Hcy测定与血糖、胰岛素水平的相关性探讨

目的:探讨了2型糖尿病患者同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)水平测定与血糖和胰岛素水平的相关性。方法:应用ELISA法测定66例2型糖尿病患者血Hcy水平,已糖激酶法测定血糖,放免法测定胰岛素含量并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果:2型糖尿病患者血Hcy水平非常显著的高于正常人组(P<0.01),与血糖和胰岛素水平呈明显的正相关(r=0.3515,0.3485,P<0.05)。结论:测定2型糖尿病患者Hcy水平对了解病情、观察疗效,是一个十分有用的检测指标,具有一定的临床价值。     

Correlation between estrogens and serum adipocytokines in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) and endogenous estrogen (estrone and estradiol) levels in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women. DESIGN: This study included 53 healthy premenopausal women, 45 healthy postmenopausal women, and 10 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome who were participating in general health examinations. A secondary analysis was performed on levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF-alpha, estrone (E1), and estradiol (E2). RESULTS: After accounting for body mass index, TNF-alpha was significantly increased (1.5+/-0.1 vs 2.0+/-0.1 pg/mL, P<0.05) in healthy postmenopausal women as compared with healthy premenopausal women, whereas leptin was decreased (5.6+/-1.1 vs 4.0+/-1.1 ng/mL). Estrogen (E1 and E2) was positively correlated with leptin in only healthy premenopausal women, whereas estrogen did not correlate with any adipocytokine in healthy postmenopausal women. In the multiple regression analysis, only leptin significantly contributed to insulin resistance. Combining healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women, E1 correlated negatively with TNF-alpha (r=-0.23, P<0.05) and positively with leptin (r=0.35, P<0.01) and did not correlate with resistin. E2 correlated negatively with TNF-alpha (r=-0.24, P<0.05) and positively with leptin (r=0.34, P<0.01); it did not correlate with adiponectin or resistin. Leptin might stimulate the increase of plasma gonadotropin-releasing hormone levels, which could result in a positive correlation with estrogen in premenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen deficiency resulted in increased TNF-alpha levels. Serum leptin levels correlated positively with estrogen levels in premenopausal women. However, the increase in obesity in postmenopausal women increased leptin, which increases insulin resistance.     

Adipocyte factors,high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels and lipoxidative stress products in overweight postmenopausal women with normal and impaired OGTT

Objective

In obese postmenopausal women we assessed leptin and adiponectin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum lipids and lipoxidative stress products: oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), in relation to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Methods

Thirty-eight overweight/obese postmenopausal women were included in the study. Eighteen with normal glucose metabolism (NGT) and twenty with IGT, as it is diagnosed by OGTT. Serum leptin, adiponectin, hsCRP and MDA were measured at time 0 and 120 min of OGTT while total-cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, oxLDL and anti-oxLDL autoantibodies at time 0. Insulin resistance (HOMA)/sensitivity (QUICKI) indexes were estimated.

Results

In subjects with NGT, hsCRP was positively correlated with fasting leptin and HOMA, while in subjects with IGT negatively with QUICKI. In both groups, hsCRP was positively correlated with fasting insulin, body mass index and waist circumference. Fasting adiponectin was positively associated with HDL in both groups and negatively with triglycerides in subjects with NGT as well as with serum glucose levels at time 120 min of OGTT in subjects with IGT. No association was observed between oxLDL and adipokines. A significant positive association was found between oxLDL and HOMA in subjects with IGT. During OGTT there was a significant increase of leptin and MDA levels in both groups.

Conclusions

A relationship exists between obesity, insulin and sub-clinical inflammation. Leptin and lipid peroxidation are linked to hyperglycaemic state while oxLDL might be considered as a predictor of insulin resistance. Adiponectin could exert its antiatherogenic effect through HDL independently of the presence of IGT.