微笑缩短距离

微笑是人类最甜美、最动人的表情，在日常生活和人际交往中具有重要作用。在教学过程中，教师的微笑尤为重要。实践证明，教师的微笑是打动学生心灵最美好的表情，是教育学生最好的手段。教师的微笑传递着对学生的“爱”，可提高学生学习的兴趣。教师的微笑是热爱学生的外在表现，没有爱的教育犹如荒漠。教师面带微笑走进教室是与学生进行沟通的首要条件。在教学过程中，如果教师面孔冷漠、威严，不苟言笑，学生就会感到拘束，形成一种紧张的、消极的、甚至是对抗性的学习环境，这会抑制大脑皮质的兴奋度，对学生的心理和学业带来不良影响。当我们用一颗赤诚的心去爱学生，以真诚的微笑面对学生时，他便将“爱”悄悄地带给了学生，会使学生感到和蔼可亲，能使学生消除陌生感，缩短与我们的距离，对所教的学科感兴趣，将点燃学生智慧的火花，学生的思维之门也会为之大开，接受信息的灵感度会随之提高，学习该课程的兴趣会不断增强。     

找寻情与钱间幸福之门

情和钱不是对立的,有情不必排斥钱,我们完全可以将未来的自己定位为有情有义的有钱人,并为之开启自己的梦想。大胆追求,努力拼搏,用智慧和汗水实现自己的梦想。或许是命运的不幸会暂时将缤纷多彩的梦撞碎;或许是天地的无     

艾滋病流行对宏观经济的影响研究

随着艾滋病的流行,艾滋瘸感染者和患者人数的不断增加,艾滋病对社会经济的影响也越来越来明显,正确评估艾滋病流行对社会经济的影响就显得十分必要.本文就如何在人口统计学预测的基础上借助一定的经济学模型来定量刻画艾滋病对宏观经济的影响程度做了详细的研究,为今后进一步研究艾滋病对社会经济的影响提供理论参考.     

金牛宝宝的HAPPY SHOW

金牛宝宝☆性格小提示尽管生来慢性子,但无论他们慢到何种程度,改变还是一直在继续的,所以牛牛们在很多事情上都需要爸妈的耐心引导.在引导中,更要注意牛牛的内心很敏感,还经常伴着与生俱来的距离感,即使是细微的变化也会产生影响,所以从小培养他们对人的信任也很重要.其实,牛牛的能力一般都很强:主动关心别人、良好的自我管理、不错的动手能力,所以只要给予充裕的思考时间、有规律的生活、安静舒适的环境,牛牛们自然会健康地成长.……     

应对孕期三大棘手问题

70%以上的准妈妈,孕期会遭遇痔疮的烦恼;几乎是所有的准妈妈在孕期前3个月或轻或重都会产生恶心呕吐的状况,严重的甚至会持续更长时间;一旦怀孕后,准妈妈常常有昏昏欲睡的感觉,很容易疲惫。痔疮、疲劳、孕吐,是准妈妈孕期非常棘手的三大问题,让孕妈妈想说轻松不容易。     

构建以人为本的就医环境建设的思考

随着社会的发展和科学技术的进步,随着医学模式的变化,构建医院以人为本的就医环境是我们医院管理工作者实践科学发展观的一项重要任务.我院有50多年的历史,由于多种原因,发展比较缓慢,近几年来在省政府的支持下,经过全院几届领导和职工的努力,现已成为开放床位650张,职工800多人,科室齐全、设备先进、环境优美的医疗、教学、科研取得很大发展的三级综合性教学医院.     

关于她的绯闻

她一定是软的、慢的、柔的,像白云或棉絮那样的质地轻薄。结婚后搬去和公婆同住。一栋老式的楼里,住的都是多年的老邻居,见证着彼此的家事、儿女的成长以及所有林林总总散播的飞短流长。故而这样的环境,名声就是脸面,叛逆与出轨的边缘化行为别想得到大众认     

男性“食”什么“性”什么

良好的饮食习惯是健康的关键,保持良好的性欲和性能力同样与饮食有关。不论是中国还是欧美的医学专家都承认:吃不一定会提高性技巧,但肯定会起到助性的作用。男性很在乎自己的性能好坏,却很少注意到自己的性福其实就毁在饮食上。     

巧食红绿豆,身材更纤瘦

N年前我还是小姑娘的时候,虽然不属于纤细的那种体形,倒也婀娜有致,该肥的肥,该瘦的瘦。26岁那年刚生完孩子从医院回家洗澡,站在浴室镜子前看到已经肥胖变形的身体,真是有一种欲哭无泪的感觉,那个青春的躯体已经不复存在,生育的代价就是把自己从一个玲珑有致的少女变成了一个一身横肉的悍妇!心里的痛真是无     

南京市下关区学校食堂卫生状况调查

学校(包括托幼机构)食堂是特殊的食品加工经营场所,其卫生状况的好坏直接影响师生的身体健康,对维持学校正常的教学秩序和社会稳定有着重要的意义.学校食堂卫生目前已成为公共卫生的重要课题,是卫生监督管理的重点.笔者于2006年2～5月,对南京市下关区学校食堂的卫生状况进行了专项调查.     

一类罕见H_2S阴性山夫登堡沙门菌腹泻株的研究

目的:研究一类罕见H2S阴性山夫登堡沙门菌腹泻菌株遗传克隆特征。方法:收集、分析本地区参加全球沙门菌监测(GSS)腹泻病例中分离的山夫登堡沙门菌生化、编码SPI-1毒力岛基因(hilA、invA)和耐药特征;应用Riboprinter(RP)DNA指纹图谱系统比较表型典型与不典型菌株的核糖体型;通过PluseNet China数据库中同型菌株的脉冲凝胶电泳(PFGE)图谱聚类比较分子型谱。结果:2006年卢湾区GSS监测病例分离4株山夫登堡沙门菌中有2株属于H2S阴性和SPI-1毒力岛缺失的表型变异菌株。RP分型证实发生变异的山夫登堡沙门菌与典型菌株间分属2个不同的克隆。PluseNet China数据库将包括卢湾区4株山夫登堡沙门菌在内共36株山夫登堡腹泻株共分18种PFGE带型。卢湾区的2株表型变异株分属4型和5型,2株典型菌株分属11型和23型。聚类分析显示表型变异株的克隆在遗传相似度上高于典型株。结论:分子溯源证实SPI-1毒力岛缺失的山夫登堡沙门菌变异菌株与典型菌株同样具有引发局部暴发的致病性,2006年卢湾区分离的H2S阴性山夫登堡沙门菌变种腹泻株与2002年深圳市的1例食物中毒案例分离的2株SPI-1毒力岛缺失株存在同源性。     

鼠伤寒沙门菌临床分离株对喹诺酮类药物耐药机制的研究

目的 研究引起儿童腹泻鼠伤寒沙门菌对喹诺酮类抗菌药物的耐药机制.方法 采用K-B法测定62株鼠伤寒沙门菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性;应用PCR法和DNA测序法检测喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDRs)和质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因;采用接合试验测定耐药基因的转移性;PFGE法测定耐药菌株的同源性.结果 62株肠伤寒沙门菌中有40株对环丙沙星耐药(MIC≥0.5 μg/ml),其中28株为低水平耐药,12株为高水平耐药,且所有对环丙沙星耐药菌株同时对其他多种抗菌药物耐药;40株环丙沙星耐药菌株分属于4种PFGE型,分别是A型7株、B型4株、E型1株、D型28株;两株对环丙沙星高水平耐药菌株同时存在gyrA和parC两个位点的突变,其余环丙沙星耐药菌株仅发现gyrA 1个位点的突变,未检测到qnr和qepA基因;62株鼠伤寒沙门菌中有23株为aac-(6′)-Ib-cr阳性,其中19株PFGE分型为D型.结论 腹泻患儿分离的肠伤寒沙门菌对环丙沙星耐药率高,喹诺耐耐药决定区gyrA基因的点突变和携带aac-(6′) -Ib-cr基因是导致鼠伤寒沙门菌对环丙沙星耐药的主要原因.     

Household contamination with Salmonella enterica

Household contamination with Salmonella enterica increases when occupational exposure exists (cattle farms with known salmonellosis in cattle, a salmonella research laboratory, or a veterinary clinic experiencing an outbreak of salmonellosis). Fifteen of 55 (27.2%) vacuum cleaner bags from households with occupational exposure to S. enterica were positive versus 1 of 24 (4.2%) without known exposure. Use of a carpet cleaner and several cleaners/disinfectants reduced, but failed to eliminate, S. enterica from artificially contaminated carpet.     

Genomic diversity within phage types of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium

The diversity among 1354 strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serotype Enteritidis (n = 847) and Typhimurium (n = 507) isolated in Finland in 1991-2002 (n = 608) and in 2003 (n = 746) were studied. The former strains were studied retrospectively by phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) harmonized in the European Salm-gene project. The latter strains were studied prospectively, and the results correlated to their antimicrobial susceptibility and association with travel to popular tourist destinations. During both periods, S. Enteritidis phage types (PTs) PT1 and PT4, and S. Typhimurium definite types (DTs) DT1 and DT104 were the major phenotypes. SENTXB.0001 was the dominating single PFGE type among S. Enteritidis strains (40% in 1991-2002; 57% in 2003), and accounted correspondingly for 23% and 63% of the PT1 strains, and 81% and 88% of the PT4 strains. No PFGE types dominated among the S. Typhimurium strains but a correlation was found between certain phage and PFGE types: among DT1 strains, STYMXB.0098 accounted for 66% (1991-2002) and 98% (2003) and among the DT104 strains STYMXB.0001 accounted for 84% and 97% in the two time periods, respectively. Of the S. Enteritidis strains isolated in 2003, 91% were associated with travel, most commonly to Spain, Greece, and Bulgaria. SENTXB.0001 was the major Salmonella PFGE type in these countries. In contrast, most (55%) S. Typhimurium strains were of domestic origin. While only 1.3% of the S. Enteritidis strains were multiresistant and 24% were resistant to nalidixic acid only, 30% of the S. Typhimurium strains were multiresistant. Among the multiresistant S. Typhimurium strains, R-type ACSSuT and PFGE type STYMXB.0001 of the DT104 complex dominated.     

Molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT1 isolates

Salmonella Typhimurium DT1 is endemic to Finland and has caused human outbreaks since the 1960s. Domestic DT1 isolates (n=235) from 1972 to 1999 from human cases, animals and other sources, as well as foreign DT1 isolates from human cases (n=20) were analysed by molecular methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) yielded 38 XbaI profiles. Of these, XbaI profile 10 was seen in 49% (125/255) of the isolates. Twelve IS200 profiles were obtained; the most common IS200 profile D was seen in 64% (33/52) of the isolates. Two clusters were formed by compilation of the XhaI-, BlnI- and SpeI-PFGE and IS200 profiles and possession of the serovar-specific virulence plasmid. The major cluster contained eight IS200 profiles, including IS200 profile D and XhaI profile 10, and had no virulence plasmid, and can be regarded as typical of the endemic Typhimurium DT1 infection.     

rOmpF and OMVs as efficient subunit vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infections in poultry farms

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis remains the most prevalent serotype causing human salmonellosis through the consumption of contaminated foods, especially poultry products. The development of a subunit vaccine against S. Enteritidis can not only protect chickens against Salmonella infection in the poultry industry but also cut the transmission sources. In this study, both the expressed recombinant outer membrane protein F (rOmpF) and extracted outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were developed as subunit vaccines against S. Enteritidis challenge in chickens. Immunization with the subunit vaccine could induce not only antibody production but also strong cell-mediated immune response. Both rOmpF plus QuilA adjuvant and OMVs alone had highly protective efficacy against S. Enteritidis challenge and rapidly decreased the colonization of bacteria in chicken. These findings revealed the potential application of rOmpF and OMVs as subunit vaccines in the poultry industry.     

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, Israel

To determine whether rapid emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis in Israel resulted from an increase in different biotypes or spread of 1 clone, we characterized 87 serovar Infantis isolates on the genotypic and phenotypic levels. The emerging strain comprised 1 genetic clone with a distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile and a common antimicrobial drug resistance pattern.     

Multiresistant Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 in the Czech republic 2000-2001

Salmonelloses belong to the most important alimentary diseases. From 1989 the main source of infection is S. Enteritidis (95% and more). The ratio of S. Typhimurium in the etiology declined gradually since 1994 from 3% in 1993 to 1.9% in 2001. The number of detected multiresistant strains STM DT104 is so far low in the Czech Republic. In 2000 laboratory tests confirmed 53 and in 2001 a total of 63 strains. Analysis of these strains revealed: 1. the proportion of multiresistant strains STM DT104 of the total number of isolated STM strains increased from 7% in 2000 to 11.5% in 2001, 2. the territory in the CR where these multiresistant strains were found expanded, 3. the relationship of proportions of the most frequently detected STM phagotypes in the human population changes: in 2000 this ratio was balanced, in 2001 the ratio of phagotype DT104 is roughly three times higher than of DT 141, 4. analysis of all STM strains from the environment and animals indicates that the frequency of STM DT104 is 73%. Almost 90% of these strains are multiresistant (resistant to one or several antimicrobial substances). The highest number was found in calves, piglets but also in poultry. With regard to the results of the submitted work it is important to concentrate attention on detection and further laboratory examination of STM strains in the human and animal population.     

Serovar specific risk factors and clinical features of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Enteritidis: a study in South-West Germany

Human salmonellosis in Germany has been an increasing problem since the 1980s, with a peak of 195,000 reported cases in 1992. During the peak years, isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) predominated by far over other salmonella serovars (NSE) (80 vs. 20%). In a comparison of the clinical characteristics of 790 persons infected with SE to 175 persons infected with NSE, watery diarrhoea (OR 1.7) and high grade (> 39 degrees C) fever (OR 1.8) were independently associated with SE infection. When comparing possible risk factors for acquiring salmonella infection among patients with SE compared to those with NSE, consumption of raw eggs (OR 4.4; P = 0.0006) was the most significant alimentary risk factor for SE infection, while travel outside Europe was negatively associated with SE infection (OR 0.08; P = 0.0001). When comparing all patients with salmonella infection, regardless of serovar, with healthy controls, consumption of raw eggs (OR 30.3; P = 0.001), of raw or undercooked eggs (OR 1.9; P = 0.003), or having puppies, kittens or turtles (OR 6.8; P = 0.002), were risk factors for salmonellosis.