双黄连注射液细菌内毒素检查法的应用

目的:建立双黄连注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法.方法:按照《中国药典》2005年版附录细菌内毒素检查法进行试验.结果:双黄连注射液对鲎试剂与内毒素反应无干扰作用.结论:双黄连注射液采用细菌内毒素检查方法可靠,简单可行,可以考虑代替热原检查.     

鲎试验测定长链脂肪乳注射液中细菌内毒素的方法学研究

目的：确定长链脂肪乳注射液中细菌内毒素鲎试验检查法的可行性。方法：供试品干扰试验后，采用凝胶鲎试验对样品中细菌内毒素进行检测。结果：三批长链脂肪乳注射液稀释至2倍时对细菌内毒素的检测无干扰作用，所测样品的细菌内毒素含量均小于0．5EU·ml^-1。结论：所建立方法检查长链脂肪注射液中的细菌内毒素可行。     

丹参川芎嗪注射液细菌内毒素检查法研究

目的 建立丹参川芎嗪注射液细菌内毒素检查法。方法 依据《中国药典》2015年版四部（通则1143）细菌内毒素检查法,通过预干扰预试验和干扰试验,确定丹参川芎嗪注射液最大无干扰的浓度,并进行方法学验证。结果 将丹参川芎嗪注射液稀释20倍,对细菌内毒素检测法无干扰作用。结论 丹参川芎嗪注射液内毒素检查法可用于检查丹参川芎嗪注射液。     

两种生物材料细菌内毒素检查和热原检查方法比较的研究

目的本试验对样品管腔支架(镍钛)和支架输送系统进行热原检测.方法采用细菌内毒素检查和家兔检查法.结果细菌内毒素试验表明,两样品不合格;热原试验表明,两样品合格.结论导致鲎试剂凝集不一定就能引起生物体的热原反应.出现这种不相一致结果的原因很多.所以在评价生物材料和医疗器械时,建议做热原试验.     

医用透明质酸钠细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

本实验是为研究透明质酸钠的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法：实验中使用鲎试剂的灵敏度 为０．０３ＥＵ／ｍｌ,进行干扰试验和抗干扰试验,并对其进行了热原检查。结果：在干扰试验中,样品 表现为增强性干扰,增大样品稀释倍数不能排除干扰。添加抗增液则可有效排除干扰。根据参考 文献和热原检查的兔剂量,我们认为透明质酸钠的细菌内毒素限值应定为５ＥＵ／ｍｌ以内。     

脱细胞粘膜基质的热原试验研究

目的 考察脱细胞粘膜基质的热原试验方法的可行性。方法 依据《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版二部附录XIE细菌内毒素检查法和ISO10993.12 Biological evaluation of medical devices-Part 12:Sample preparation and reference materials,使用离心法消除样品浸提液的悬浮颗粒,使用动态浊度法验证离心条件是否会影响浸提液中细菌内毒素的检测。依据《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版三部附录XIID热原检查法检测脱细胞粘膜基质的热原试验是否合格。结果 本实验中采用的离心条件不会影响样品浸提液中细菌内毒素的检测,热原试验合格。结论该产品可以采用此离心条件进行热原检测。     

用细菌内毒素法对氯霉素注射液的热原检查

目的 氯霉素注射液的研究。方法 采用细菌内毒素检查法和家兔升温法两种方法进行对比分析。结果 氯霉素沐射液对人体不会产生热原反应。结论在药品检测中，用细菌内毒素检查法可代替家兔升温法对氯霉素注射液做热原检查。     

鲎试验测定注射用头孢雷特中细菌内毒素的方法学研究

目的：检测注射用头孢雷特中的细菌内毒素。方法：供试品干扰试验后,采用凝胶鲎试验对样品中细菌内毒素进行检测。结果：三批注射用头孢雷特浓度为2mg·ml^-1对细菌内毒素的检测无干扰作用,所测样品的头孢雷特细菌内毒素含量均小于0.5EU.mg-1。结论：所建立方法检查注射用头孢雷特中的细菌内毒素可行。     

纳米银妇女外用抗菌凝胶的细菌内毒素检测

目的考察纳米银妇女外用抗菌凝胶的细菌内毒素检查方法的可行性。方法依据中国药典2005年版附录ⅪE细菌内毒素检查法,确定纳米银妇女外用抗菌凝胶的有效稀释浓度和细菌内毒素限值。结果纳米银妇女外用抗菌凝胶在稀释50倍后对细菌内毒素实验无干扰作用,其细菌内毒素含量均小于6.25EU/mL。结论该产品可以采用细菌内毒素检查法。     

鲎试验测定复方氨基酸(15)双肽(2)注射液中的细菌内毒素

目的:检测复方氨基酸(15)双肽(2)注射液中的细菌内毒素。方法:供试品干扰试验后,采用凝胶鲎试验对样品中的细菌内毒素进行检测。结果:三批复方氨基酸(15)双肽(2)注射液稀释至28倍时对细菌内毒素的检测无干扰作用,所测样品的细菌内毒素含量均小于7 EU.ml-1。结论:所建立方法检查复方氨基酸(15)双肽(2)注射液中的细菌内毒素可行。     

International validation of novel pyrogen tests based on human monocytoid cells

It is a requirement that parenteral medicines be tested for pyrogens (fever causing agents) using one of two animal-based tests: the rabbit pyrogen test and the bacterial endotoxin test. Understanding the human fever reaction has led to novel non-animal alternative tests based on in vitro activation of human monocytoid cells in response to pyrogens. Using 13 prototypic drugs, clean or contaminated with pyrogens, we have validated blindly six novel pyrogen tests in ten laboratories. Compared with the rabbit test, the new tests have a lower limit of detection and are more accurate as well as cost and time efficient. In contrast to the bacterial endotoxin test, all tests are able to detect Gram-positive pyrogens. The validation process showed that at least four of the tests meet quality criteria for pyrogen detection. These validated in vitro pyrogen tests overcome several shortcomings of animal-based pyrogen tests. Our data suggest that animal testing could be completely replaced by these evidence-based pyrogen tests and highlight their potential to further improve drug safety.     

家兔法与内毒素法检查生物材料热原的适用性研究

药品与生物材料在生物安全性评价方法上有着很大的区别。临床上广泛运用内毒素法检查药品热原,然而,运用细菌内毒素法进行部分组成成分较为复杂的生物材料的热原试验是否适当有待明确。本研究在2005版药典的基础上,分别运用内毒素法和家兔法对两种组织工程支架材料进行热原试验的比较研究,实验结果表明运用内毒素法得到的试验结果为阴性,运用家兔法得到的试验结果为阳性。这两种方法分别测定每种材料所得到的热原试验结果不相符合,表明对组成成分复杂的生物材料,含热原的因素较为复杂,用家兔法进行试验检测热原可能更加灵敏。     

Human leukocytic pyrogen test for detection of pyrogenic material in growth hormone produced by recombinant Escherichia coli.

Human growth hormone is biosynthetically produced in recombinant strains of Escherichia coli as methionyl human growth hormone (met-hGH). When purified from the bacterial culture, met-hGH is biologically active in established assays for growth hormone. Therefore, a phase I trial of met-hGH was carried out in healthy human adults; during the first trial, however, signs, symptoms, and clinical laboratory tests characteristic of an acute-phase response to pyrogenic agents was observed. Prior testing of the met-hGH preparation used in the phase I trial did not reveal evidence of toxicity, and the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention rabbit pyrogen test, as well as the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test, had not detected significant levels of exogenous pyrogens or endotoxin. In addition, standard inhibition studies with added endotoxin showed no inhibition by the LAL test. When this preparation of met-hGH was incubated with human blood mononuclear cells, leukocytic pyrogen (LP) was released into the supernatant medium, suggesting that the preparation contained pyrogenic material. Various lots of met-hGH based on different purification and formulating methods were tested by the human LP assay for contaminating pyrogens. The results of these tests aided in the identification of procedures for met-hGH preparations which did not induce LP in vitro. Thus, subsequent lots of met-hGH which had passed the LP test were used in repeat clinical studies, and no inflammatory or pyrogenic reactions were observed. When the LP test was used, experiments revealed that the original lot of met-hGH was contaminated with endotoxin which had not been detected in the LAL or rabbit pyrogen tests. Lyophilization in glycine-phosphate buffer had resulted in a 10- to 20-fold reduction of endotoxin reactivity in the LAL test and the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention rabbit pyrogen test. These data provide a probable explanation for the negative result from the LAL and rabbit pyrogen test in the initial lot of met-hGH which induced acute-phase reactions. In addition, these studies demonstrate that the release of LP from human cells is a reliable indicator of the presence of materials that are pyrogenic for humans.     

过滤和离心对热原实验影响的初步研究

目的了解医疗器械和生物材料的浸提液能否过滤或离心后再进行热原实验。方法采用《中国药典》2010年版(二部)附录检测细菌内毒素的动态浊度法,进行定量测定浓度为0.2 EU/mL的原液中的细菌内毒素含量,并在过滤和离心后分别测定溶液中细菌内毒素的含量。结果溶液中的细菌内毒素含量过滤后大大减少,甚至小于0.040 EU/mL。离心则不会影响溶液中的细菌内毒素含量,与原液中含量相近,为0.260 EU/mL。结论为除去医疗器械和生物材料的浸提液中的悬浮颗粒,可以离心后再进行热原实验。     

两种方法测定灯盏细辛注射液中细菌内毒素含量

目的：建立灯盏细辛注射液细菌内毒素的定性和定量检测方法。方法：按照《中国药典》2010年版一部附录细菌内毒素检查法项下凝胶法和动态浊度法对灯盏细辛注射液进行试验。结果：灯盏细辛注射液注射液稀释25倍（凝胶法）和200倍（动态浊度法）后对鲎试剂及内毒素反应无干扰作用。结论：用凝胶法和动态浊度法检测灯盏细辛注射液中细菌内毒素的含量是可行的。     

动态比浊法鲎试验定量分析催化剂的细菌内毒素

目的通过定量检测催化剂的细菌内毒素含量,为控制药品质量及筛选最佳生产工艺提供参考。方法应用动态比浊法及凝胶法鲎试验对催化剂的细菌内毒素进行定量和半定量检测。结果动态比浊法鲎试验定量检测了4批催化剂,其原液(原瓶加5.0mL水)细菌内毒素含量依次为20EumL-1-50EumL-1不等,样品在256倍稀释时其添加内毒素(2.0EumL-1)的回收率在75%-125%之间,此时对鲎试验反应无干扰作用,与凝胶法的检查结果一致。结论动态比浊法鲎试验可用来定量检测催化剂的细菌内毒素含量。