重庆地区孕前育龄妇女风疹病毒和弓形虫感染调查研究

目的调查重庆市孕前育龄妇女风疹病毒和弓形虫IgM和IgG抗体感染阳性率,为计划生育孕前门诊、遗传和优生咨询门诊指导优生,降低先天畸形儿出生率提供理论依据。方法随机抽样重庆地区1509例16-49岁孕前育龄妇女人群,采集血清标本,采用ELISA法进行风疹病毒和弓形虫特异性IgM和IgG抗体的检测。结果风疹病毒IgM阳性率0.46%,风疹病毒IgG阳性率75.21%,弓形虫IgG阳性率14.78%,弓形虫IgM阳性率0.27%。结论风疹病毒和弓形虫是造成胎儿先天畸形的原因之一,建议每一位妇女在孕前都应检测风疹病毒抗体和弓形虫抗体,以降低宫内感染率和先天畸形儿出生率,提高出生人口素质。     

温州市区育龄妇女孕前巨细胞病毒感染现状调查

目的了解温州地区育龄妇女孕前人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染的状况。方法收集2008年10月至2010年6日参加温州市龙湾区免费孕前优生筛查的妇女血标本2869份,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清HCMV IgG/IgM抗体;HCMV IgM抗体阳性标本,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ-PCR）检测血HCMV DNA载量;HCMV IgG/IgM抗体双阳性标本,采用尿素变性结合ELISA技术检测IgG抗体亲和力指数（AI）。结果 2869份孕前妇女血清中HC-MV IgG抗体阳性检出率为97.77%（2805/2869）,HCMV IgM抗体阳性检出率为0.77%（22/2 869）,IgG/IgM抗体均阳性检出率占0.17%（5/2 869）;22份HCMV IgM阳性标本中,血HCMV DNA阳性检出率为68.18%（15/22）;5份HCMVIgG/IgM双阳性标本中,检出低亲和力IgG抗体1份,中等亲和力IgG抗体2份,高亲和力IgG抗体2份。结论温州市区育龄妇女孕前HCMV IgG抗体阳性率高;对HCMV IgM抗体阳性孕前妇女应进行多指标检测以判断HCMV感染的状态,为减少出生缺陷、做好优生优育服务提供依据。     

370例孕前检查女性TORCH感染情况分析

目的 分析目前孕前检查女性风疹病毒(RV)、巨细胞病毒CMV、弓形虫(TOX)感染状况,为孕前优生咨询提供依据.方法 用电化学发光法检测孕前妇女血清RV、CMV、TOX的IgG、IgM抗体.结果 370例孕前妇女RV-IgG阳性率为91.62％,CMV-IgG阳性率为88.64％,CMV-IgM阳性率为1.08％,TOX-IgG阳性率为4.59％,TOX-IgM阳性率为1.35％.TORCH感染与籍贯及文化程度无相关性.结论 风疹病毒及巨细胞病毒感染人数超过检测人群的88％,应早期接种疫苗,避免感染的发生.弓形虫的感染率超过检测人群的4.5％,建议孕前妇女远离宠物.孕前进行巨细胞病毒、风疹病毒、弓形虫IgG、IgM的检查意义重大.提前检测,避免感染期怀孕,有助于减少妊娠不良结局发生的概率,降低先天畸形的发生率.     

孕前妇女风疹病毒近期感染的检测分析

目的为了了解孕前妇女风疹病毒（RV）近期感染状况。方法采用化学发光法对176例孕前妇女静脉血进行RV-IgM检测。结果RV-IgM阳性标本1例,阳性率为0.57%（1/176）。结论风疹病毒感染与优生优育有直接的关系,做好出生缺陷一级预防孕前检测起到未雨绸缪的作用。     

2695例孕前TORCH筛查结果分析

目的了解育龄妇女孕前TORCH筛查结果。方法应用酶联免疫法（ELISE法）筛查2695例孕前保健妇女血清TORCH的IgM、IgG。结果血清弓形虫IgM阳性13例,IgG阳性292例,阳性率分别为0.48%、10.83%;风疹病毒IgM阳性48例,IgG阳性1506例,阳性率分别为1.75%、55.88%;巨细胞病毒IgM阳性59例,IgG阳性1965例,阳性率为2.19%、71.42%;单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型IgM阳性41例,IgG阳性1793例,阳性率为1.51%、64.52%;单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型IgM阳性46例,IgG阳性703例,阳性率为1.71%、26.09%。结论孕前TORCH筛查,防止孕前、孕期的TORCH感染,以便及时采取方法和措施,预防出生缺陷,提高人口素质,对优生优育意义重大。     

国产化学发光法评估围孕期妇女TORCH感染情况及其IgM假阳性结果的分析

目的 探讨苏州地区围孕期女性TORCH感染情况及流行特点,并对TORCH-IgM假阳性检测结果进行分析,为本地区围孕期女性保健提供参考依据.方法 回顾性分析、统计2018年6月至2020年9月在南京医科大学附属苏州医院就诊的17984例围孕期女性TORCH检查结果,利用国产化学发光免疫分析法(CLIA)对TORCH的IgG以及IgM抗体进行检测,分析感染率.利用ELISA法对129例TORCH-IgM和IgG抗体双阳性血清进行IgG亲和力检测,分析IgM抗体假阳性结果.结果 17984例TORCH检测结果中,IgG抗体阳性率由高到低依次为CMV(97.58％)、HSV-1(89.54％)、RV(78.81％)、HSV-2(10.88％)和TOX(2.83％).IgM抗体阳性率由高到低依次为CMV(1.22％)、HSV-1(1.18％)、HSV-2(0.77％)、RV(0.57％)和TOX(0.36％),TOX感染阳性率最低,CMV感染阳性率最高.RV、CMV和HSV-1感染模式以IgM-/IgG+为主,TOX和HSV-2主要表现为IgM-/IgG-模式.按照季节统计,HSV-1-IgM在冬季阳性率最高(χ2值8.36,P值0.04),TOX-IgM、RV-IgM、CMV-IgM和HSV-2-IgM各季节阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2值分别为2.51、4.16、1.84和5.12,P值分别为0.48、0.25、0.61和0.16).TORCH-IgG抗体阳性率四季差异均无统计学意义.按照年龄分组统计,<35岁组CMV-IgG、HSV-1-IgG和HSV-2-IgG阳性率明显低于≥35岁组(χ2值分别为12.34、15.04和238.36,均P<0.01),低年龄组TOX-IgG感染率明显高于高年龄组(χ2值为10.01,P<0.01),两年龄组间RV-IgG和TORCH-IgM抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义.化学发光免疫分析法检测129例TORCH-IgM和IgG抗体双阳性标本中,仅19例(14.73％)检测结果为IgG低亲和力.结论 苏州地区围孕期女性TORCH感染普遍,建议育龄女性孕前进行常规筛查,防止TORCH近期感染,预防出生缺陷.对于TORCH-IgM和IgG抗体双阳性结果可进一步联合IgG亲和力检测,排除TORCH感染假阳性.     

自然流产妇女风疹病毒近期感染的检测

目的为了解自然流产妇女风疹病毒(RV)近期感染状况。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对1820名自然流产妇女和128名孕前检查的健康育龄妇女静脉血标本进行了RV-IgM检测。结果在1820名上述自然流产妇女中检测出RV-IgM阳性标本41例,阳性率为1.65%,在128例健康育龄妇女中未检测到RV-IgM阳性标本。结论在自然流产妇女中风疹病毒有较高的近期感染率。     

359例孕前妇女TORCH感染检测的临床意义

目的了解来本院遗传门诊就诊的孕前妇女359例TORCH（TOX、RV、CMV、HSV）感染的情况,探讨孕前筛查TORCH的临床意义,为进一步怀孕提供必要的临床资料。方法用意大利LIAISON全自动定量化学发光仪对359例孕前妇女同时进行TORCH-IgM及IgG抗体的检测。结果TOX-IgM、RV-IgM、CMV-IgM及HSV-IgM的阳性率分别为4%、5.8%、1.5%及8.9%;TOX-IgG、RV-IgG、CMV-IgG及HSV-IgG的阳性率分别为0.5%、76.9%、81.5%及81.0%。结论孕前妇女存在一定的TORCH病原体感染,应加强各病原体的检测与预防,以做好优生优育工作,提高出生人口素质。     

育龄妇女风疹病毒抗体检测结果分析

目的通过对育龄妇女血清风疹病毒(RUV)IgG和IgM浓度的检测,了解育龄妇女对RUV的免疫力和近期感染状况,从而指导优生优育。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测7077例育龄妇女血清RUV-lgG和RUV-lgM浓度,并按照不同年龄进行分组和数据分析。结果 RUV-lgG总阳性率为80.94%,四个年龄组阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),阳性率随着年龄的增加而降低;RUV-lgM总阳性率为1.03%,四个年龄组阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大多数育龄妇女对RUV有免疫力,但仍存在一定的感染,应加强育龄妇女孕前及孕期RUV抗体检测,提高出生人口素质。     

开封市鼓楼区育龄妇女TORCH感染监测及分析

目的了解开封市鼓楼区育龄妇女TORCH感染情况,为降低本地区出生缺陷率提供依据。方法采用ELISA法,抽取近三年鼓楼区申请生育指标的孕妇及优生门诊要求生育指导的孕前妇女静脉血2ml,检测TOX,CMV,HSV-Ⅱ,RV-IgM及部分孕妇的乙肝表面抗原。结果 TOX-IgM阳性率为0.39%,RV-IgM阳性率为0.72%,CMV-IgM阳性率为2.33%,HSV-Ⅱ-IgM阳性率为0.62%,HBV表面抗原阳性率为5.04%。结论本地区育龄妇女除了巨细胞病毒的IgM阳性率与国内报道接近,其它病毒的IgM阳性率均低于国内报道。孕妇的感染率较孕前妇女为低。     

天津市育龄妇女血清中抗风疹病毒抗体分析

测定了天津市区１５３名正常育龄妇女和１０３名有异常孕产史妇女血清中抗风疹病毒（ＲＶ）ＩｇＧ抗体，对其中１８７名妊娠妇女测定了特异性ＩｇＭ。结果显示，正常育龄妇女ＲＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性率为８６．９％，孕妇ＲＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性率为３．２％。有自发流产史妇女ＲＶ－ＩｇＧ滴度显著高于正常妇女（Ｐ＜０．０５），有异常孕产史妇女ＲＶ－ＩｇＧ滴度在四个季度间有显著变化（Ｐ＜０．００５）。提示风疹感染与自发流产关系密切。     

Selective reactivity of antibodies to human immunoglobulins G, M, and A with rubella virus proteins

Proteins of purified rubella virus were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and immunoblotted with human sera and immunoglobulin class heavy-chain-specific peroxidase conjugates. The levels of rubella antibodies in these sera were predetermined by the radial hemolysis test, the density gradient centrifugation method for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, and IgG-, IgM-, and IgA-specific enzyme immunoassays. In immunoblotting, rubella-specific IgG antibodies reacted with both envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2) and the capsid protein (C). In contrast, rubella IgM antibodies reacted predominantly with E1, whereas the specific reactivity of IgA antibodies was directed mainly to the capsid protein. Purified IgM rheumatoid factor added to IgG-positive, IgM-negative serum did not give false-positive reactivity in the immunoblotting test as it did in solid-phase enzyme immunoassays. The immunoglobulin class-specific reactivities with the different viral proteins are expected to have diagnostic applications.     

Comparative studies of rubella virus immunity of immunized and non-immunized pregnant women visiting Kogi State University Teaching Hospital,Anyigba, North Central Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Rubella is endemic worldwide and poses a serious threat to infants and pregnant women. Although the disease has been widely reported in parts of the country, there is currently no documented evidence of the disease in Anyigba. A comparative study of rubella immunity was conducted among immunized and non-immunized pregnant women visiting the Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Anyigba. In a cross-sectional study, blood samples collected from 300 pregnant women (immunized = 127; non-immunized = 173) were tested for rubella antibodies using ELISA kit. Overall, anti-rubella-IgM and IgG seroprevalence rates of 38 (12.7%) and 83 (27.7%) were detected. Seventy (55.1%) of the immunized against 13 (7.5%) of non-immunized women had detectable IgG. The non-immunized women were significantly more seropositive for IgM than the immunized who recorded higher prevalence of IgG. Immunized and non-immunized women aged 23–32 years had higher IgG and IgM positivity rates. The difference in IgM and IgG seropositivity rates in relation to vaccination was statistically significant (P < 0.05) between the immunized (0.8%, 55.1%) and vaccine-naïve subjects (21.4%, 7.5%). Low level of awareness and high susceptibility to rubella virus infection especially among the non-immunized women was confirmed in study area, thus the need for government to strengthen education of masses and to make rubella vaccination freely available for women of childbearing age.     

Seroprevalence of rubella among women of childbearing age in Switzerland

A seroepidemiological study was carried out in Switzerland to define the population susceptible to rubella among women of childbearing age. IgG antibodies to rubella virus were determined in 9,046 women giving birth between 1 August 1990 and 30 September 1991 in 23 of 26 Swiss cantons. These sera represented 10–20 % of the yearly total number of births in each Swiss canton. Anti-rubella IgG was measured by an automated enzyme-linked fluorescent assay for use with a commercial system (Vidas Rub IgG, bio-Mérieux, France). Before the study population was screened, the commercial system was compared to the traditional hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test using 500 consecutive samples from parturient women. The sensitivity was 97.7 %, the specificity was 100 %, and agreement between the two tests was 97.8 %. The discrepancies corresponded to very low titres of antibodies as measured by HAL The seroprevalence of rubella nationwide in women of childbearing age in Switzerland was 94.3 %. The seroprevalence was higher (96.5 %) in the 5,677 women of Swiss nationality than in the 3,090 women of a different nationality (90.4%) (p<0.001). In Swiss women the seroprevalence of rubella did not increase significantly with age and was identical in primiparous and in multiparous women, thus indicating that women of childbearing age are probably not sufficiently immunised.     

孕前及孕期妇女风疹免疫力调查和风疹近期感染检测

目的了解孕前妇女及孕期妇女风疹易感水平和近期感染状况，为预防先天风疹感染做好优生优育工作提供依据。方法用生物蛋白芯片技术对2986例孕前妇女及863例孕期妇女（包括725例正常妊娠和138例异常妊娠）进行风疹特异性抗体IgM、IgG检测。结果80．27％的孕前妇女具有免疫力，4．99％孕前妇女为风疹近期感染，14．03％妇女对风疹易感。89．00％的孕期妇女具有免疫力，1．96％孕期妇女为风疹近期感染，7．76％妇女对风疹易感。孕前妇女及孕期妇女的风疹近期感染率和易感率比较有显著性差异（χ^2=14．797、23．846，P〈0．001）；不良妊娠与正常妊娠之间风疹近期感染率和易感率比较有显著性差异（X。=30．635、4．174，P〈0．05）；市区与农村的孕前妇女及孕期妇女在风疹近期感染率和易感率比较无明显不同；孕前妇女及孕期妇女风疹近期感染月份分布均以5月最高。结论本地区孕前妇女风疹感染率高；风疹感染与不良妊娠密切相关：市区与农村妇女的风疹易感水平和近期感染状况相当。对孕前妇女及孕期妇女同时检测风疹特异性抗体IgM、IgG可以正确判定妇女的免疫状况，有效预防、主动发现并合理处理孕妇感染，从而降低风疹感染率提高优生优育水平。     

Quality control assessment for the serological diagnosis of dengue virus infections.

BACKGROUND: A major drawback of modern society's rapidly increasing mobility is the ease with which dangerous infections can be imported into Europe. Often these infections are not diagnosed because physicians are not familiar with the symptoms and laboratory tests are not always available in local diagnostic centres. Improving diagnostics is the most important step in detecting and dealing with these pathogens and quality control measures are, therefore, essential tools. OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnosis of imported dengue virus infections in Europe by (1) running a pre-evaluation panel (four serum samples, sent out in 1999) and optimising sample preparation and shipping procedures and (2) initiating an External Quality Assurance (EQA) program (20 serum samples, sent out in 2002). STUDY DESIGN: All serum samples sent out were to be tested for the presence of dengue virus-specific IgM and IgG. For the pre-evaluation panel, four samples were distributed (one sample IgM+/IgG+, one sample IgM-/IgG+, two samples IgM-/IgG-) and for the EQA 20 samples (12 samples IgM+/IgG+, five samples IgM-/lgG+, one sample lgM+/IgG- two samples IgM-/IgG-). 13 laboratories took part in the pre-evaluation panel and 18 laboratories participated in the first EQA run. RESULTS: For the pre-evaluation panel, the participants reported concurrent and correct results for 88% of the IgG-positive samples and for 100% of the IgG-negative samples. The results for the IgM-positive sample were correct in 91% of the reported tests and in 97% of the IgM-negative samples. For the EQA, the participants reported concurrent and correct results for 71% of the IgG-positive samples and 89% of the IgG-negative samples. 58% concurrent and correct results were reported for the IgM-positive samples and 97% for the IgM-negative samples. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented here demonstrate the importance of quality measures for imported viral pathogens like dengue viruses and clearly indicate the need for improving the existing test systems.     

Seroprevalence and incidence of rubella in and around Delhi (1988-2002)

National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) has been engaged in rubella testing for serodiagnosis of the infection and screening for immunity status. The compiled and evaluated data of the work done on rubella testing for the past fifteen years has been presented here to show the trend and changing scenario of the disease in Delhi. Blood samples were from 7424 patients referred to NICD, Delhi for serodiagnosis of congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS) in malformed babies, in utero rubella infection in women and immunity status of pregnant women and women with bad obstetric history. They were tested for rubella IgG and/or rubella IgM antibodies using commercially available reagents and kits. The data from the 15 years of testing was then compiled and evaluated. From the available data it was seen that immunity status against rubella in childbearing age group of women increased steadily from 49% in 1988 to 87% in 2002. Reported cases of CRS at NICD are also on the decline over the time period. There is periodic indication of high incidence of rubella in the year 1988; 1991 and 1998 as the reported cases of acute rubella infection in childbearing age group is high during these years.     

Simultaneous expression of multiple immune complex receptors on murine thymocytes and spleen cells

Mixed rosette studies were performed to evaluate the coexpression of IgG Fc. IgM Fc, and complement receptors (C3R) by thymocytes obtained from mice 7 days after cortisone injection and by spleen cells. Indicator cells coated with IgM, IgG, or C3 independently were mixed and could be distinguished by morphology or by a fluorescein label. In double-marker studies, 36% of spleen cells formed rosettes with IgG- and/or IgM-sensitized red blood cells. Among this population there was a 24% overlap of cells binding IgM and IgG complexes simultaneously. Of the spleen cells, 78% bound IgM- and/or C3-sensitized cells. Of the spleen cells forming rosettes with IgM and C3 indicator cells, 15% coexpressed these receptors. With IgG and C3 indicator cells, 58% of spleen cells bound to one or both kinds of complexes with an 18% overlap. Of cortisone-resistant thymocytes, 14% formed rosettes with IgM- and/or IgG-sensitized red blood cells; within this population there was an overlap of 21%. With IgM- or C3-sensitized cells, 19% of cortisone-resistant thymocytes bound to one or both, among which there was a coexpression of 21%. With IgG- or C3-sensitized cells, there was a 14% overlap of rosette-forming cells binding both. In triple-marker studies 79% of spleen cells formed rosettes with C3-, IgG-, and/or IgM-sensitized indicator cells, out of which 11% coexpressed IgM and IgG FcR, 20% coexpressed IgG and C3R, and 10% coexpressed IgM FcR and C3R. Of rosette-forming cells, 13% coexpressed all three receptors. With cortisone-resistant thymocytes, 19% bound one or more kinds of immune complexes. Among these, 9% coexpressed IgG FcR and C3R, 14% coexpressed IgM FcR and C3R, and 14% bound IgG and IgM complexes. We could not detect the simultaneous expression of all three receptors on cortisone-resistant thymocytes. Using Isopaque-Ficoll fractionation of cells binding C3-sensitized cells, cortisone-resistant thymocytes were enriched and depleted of C3-receptor-bearing cells and their Lyt phenotypes were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The C3-receptor-enriched population contained 56% C3R+ cells which were 79% Lyt-1 positive and 100% Lyt-2 positive. The C3R-depleted population contained 1.3% C3R+ cells with 10% Lyt-1 positive and 22% Lyt-2 positive among the total. Surface phenotypic expression of normal and cortisone-resistant thymocytes was also evaluated by direct and indirect fluorescence by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)