济南市昼夜温差对麻疹发病的影响

目的 探讨昼夜温差对山东省济南市麻疹发病的影响。 方法 收集济南市2005年1月1日至2011年12月31日麻疹发病监测数据及同期气象数据,在控制季节性和长期趋势的情况下,利用分布滞后非线性模型(DLNM),分析昼夜温差对人群麻疹发病的影响。 结果 2005~2011年济南市共报告麻疹病例2 198例,男女性别比为1.28 ∶1;<8月龄儿童20.70%,≥8月龄且<5岁儿童28.43%,≥5岁且<18岁人群10.92%,≥18岁成人39.95%;以昼夜温差9.1 ℃为参照,周平均昼夜温差最大(13.2 ℃)且滞后2周时RR最大,为1.92(95%CI:1.47~2.50),此时有效滞后范围最大(第0~5周);昼夜温差每增加2 ℃,对男性和女性麻疹发病均在滞后2周时效应最强,RR分别为1.19(95%CI:1.08~1.32)和1.24(95%CI:1.12~1.38);所有年龄组中昼夜温差对≥5岁且<18岁人群在滞后2周时的效应最强,RR为1.41(95%CI:1.15~1.74),对<8月龄婴儿的影响无统计学意义。 结论 较大的昼夜温差对济南市麻疹发病的影响有统计学意义并存在滞后效应,女性和≥5岁且<18岁人群更易受到昼夜温差的影响。应密切关注昼夜温差的变化,适时针对重点人群采取措施,以减轻其造成的危害。     

广州市极端降水事件对不同特征人群登革热发病的影响

目的 探讨极端降水事件对广州市不同特征人群登革热发病的影响,识别脆弱人群。 方法 收集2015~2019年6~9月广州市气象资料和登革热病例监测资料。采用广义相加模型评估极端降水事件对登革热发病的滞后效应,然后进行亚组分析探究极端降水事件对不同性别、年龄段(<18岁、18~59岁、≥60岁)人群登革热发病的效应差异。 结果 研究期间广州市共报告登革热病例7 228例,周发病中位数22例。极端降水事件在滞后4周时可增加全人群登革热发病风险(RR=1.30,95%CI: 1.10~1.54)。脆弱人群是男性(RR=1.52,95%CI: 1.24~1.87, lag 4)和≥60岁人群(RR=1.99,95%CI: 1.51~2.63, lag 2)。 结论 极端降水事件可增加登革热的发病风险,该效应存在一定的滞后期,男性和老年人是脆弱人群。应加强极端降水事件后的登革热监测和预警,制定相应卫生政策应对极端降水事件发生后登革热的潜在流行风险。     

认知功能在老年人社会资本与身体功能健康间的中介作用

目的 分析认知功能在社会资本对身体功能健康影响中的中介效应。 方法 基于2015年中国健康与养老全国追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,选取4 451名老年人为研究对象,以社会信任、社会支持(经济支持和生活照料支持)、社会参与和互惠测量社会资本。总效应被分解为直接效应和间接效应,采用基于Karlson-Holm-Breen方法的Logistic回归分析探讨各效应。 结果 调整潜在混杂因素(包括年龄、婚姻状况、个人存款、识字状况、居住地、吸烟、饮酒、夜间睡眠时长、自评健康、所患慢性病情况及残疾状况)后,老年人中的高社会信任(OR=1.249,95%CI:1.072~1.455)、有照料支持(OR=1.351,95%CI:1.180~1.546)及有社会参与(OR=1.167,95%CI:1.021~1.334)者的身体功能更健康。认知功能在社会参与对身体功能健康影响的总效应中发挥了中介效应(OR=1.046,95%CI:1.008~1.085)。中介效应占总效应的29.22%。 结论 认知功能在社会资本对身体功能健康的影响中具有中介效应。提高老年人的社会资本水平不仅直接有助于提升其身体功能,而且还可通过增强其认知功能进而改善其身体功能。     

子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生关联性的队列研究

目的 基于队列设计探讨子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生的关联性。 方法 基于常规体检的大样本人群、纵向队列研究,终点事件为乳腺增生,采用Cox比例风险回归模型和Logistic回归模型探讨子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生的关联性。 结果 乳腺增生的发病密度为205.23/千人·年。未调整Cox模型显示子宫肌瘤对乳腺增生的相对危险度RR值为1.26(95%CI:1.12~1.43,P<0.001);调整年龄后,RR值变为1.37(95%CI:1.21~1.55,P<0.001);在上述模型基础上,将是否超重、饮酒、吸烟、睡眠质量等因素纳入多因素Cox模型后,RR值为1.36(95%CI:1.19~1.55,P<0.001)。Logistic回归模型显示,子宫肌瘤对乳腺增生的HR值为1.94(95%CI:1.32~2.85,P<0.001)。 结论 逐层加入危险因素进行调整后,子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生相关,说明子宫肌瘤患者未来发生乳腺增生的风险更大。     

443例胃癌根治术后发生肺部并发症的危险因素

目的 探讨胃癌根治术术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的相关危险因素,为PPCs的个体化防治提供相应的对策。 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年3月兰州大学第二医院普通外科443例胃癌患者的临床资料,统计患者的临床病理特征,采用二分类Logistic回归分析胃癌根治术PPCs的危险因素。 结果 443例胃癌根治术PPCs的发生率为18.1%(80/443),其中肺部感染的发生率为12.4%(55/443),胸腔积液的发生率为11.7%(52/443),发生PPCs较未发生PPCs住院时间延长。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁(OR=0.424、95%CI: 0.241~0.746)、糖尿病史(OR=0.318、95%CI: 0.146~0.693)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)(%)<85%(OR=0.509、95%CI: 0.297~0.874)、术中失血量≥200 mL(OR=0.496、95%CI: 0.276~0.797)和术后吻合口并发症(OR=4.038、95%CI: 1.250~13.049)是胃癌根治术发生PPCs的独立危险因素。 结论 对于年龄≥60岁、糖尿病史、MVV(%)<85%、术中失血量≥200 mL、术后吻合口并发症的胃癌患者,应注意预防PPCs的发生。     

慢阻肺患者感染鲍曼不动杆菌危险因素及耐药性分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者鲍曼不动杆菌(AB)感染的危险因素及耐药性,为COPD患者AB感染的防治提供理论依据。 方法 收集2012~2015年呼吸内科及RICU住院患者完整的临床资料,根据纳入排除标准选出308例痰培养结果为AB阳性的病例。对308例AB阳性病例及COPD合并AB阳性的91例病例进行耐药菌的筛选及耐药性测定分析。选取144例COPD患者中AB感染与AB未感染分别为72例进行病例-对照研究,采用二元Logistic 回归分析与AB感染有关联的危险性因素。 结果 (1)与AB感染有统计学意义关联的危险性因素,单因素分析包括年龄、近期住院史、糖皮质激素及抗生素使用史、侵入性操作、慢性基础疾病、肺功能分级、急性加重频率有关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析有统计学意义关联的危险性因素为:侵入性操作(OR=3.725,95%CI=2.642~9.534)、近期住院史(OR=3.417,95%CI=1.412~8.515)、肺功能分级(OR=2.835,95%CI=1.565~8.623)、糖皮质激素使用史(OR=2.815,95%CI=1.328~9.045)、慢性基础疾病(OR=2.136,95%CI=1.023~8.146)、抗生素使用史(OR=2.326,95%CI=1.145~7.134)、急性加重频率(OR=2.823,95%CI=1.012~9.853)、年龄(OR=1.756,95%CI=1.003~7.035);(2)住院AB患者耐药实验结果显示对头孢吡肟耐药率最高(79.2%),替加环素耐药率最低(20.1%);(3)COPD患者感染的AB对亚胺培南(86.8% vs 59.4%)、头孢吡肟(93.4% vs 73.2%)、左氧氟沙星(82.4% vs 57.6%)、头孢哌酮舒巴坦(49.4% vs 29.0%)、替加环素(27.5% vs 17.1%)的耐药率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 合并慢性基础疾病、侵入性诊疗操作、近期住院史、糖皮质激素及抗生素使用史、肺功能分级等是COPD患者AB感染的独立危险因素;与非COPD的AB下呼吸道感染患者相比, COPD患者AB感染对临床常用抗菌药物耐药率更高 。     

医学生生命意义感与自杀意念的关系

目的 对医学生的生命意义感及自杀意念进行调查研究,探讨医学生自杀意念的影响因素以及生命意义感与自杀意念的关系。 方法 于2020年5至10月采用随机分层整群抽样法选择某两医学院2 000名医学生,采用自编一般情况调查表、生命意义感量表(PIL)、Beck自杀意念量表中文版(BSI-CV)对其进行问卷调查;收集有效问卷1 847份。 结果 1 847名医学生平均(19.39±1.26)岁,过去一周自杀意念检出率为21.33%;生命意义感平均(53.73±17.18)分;有自杀意念的医学生生命意义得分低于无自杀意念的(t=-16.041,P<0.001);生命意义感与自杀意念呈负相关(r_s=-0.390,P<0.001);多因素Logistic回归结果显示,与医学生自杀意念相关的因素有:生命意义感得分高(OR=0.521,95%CI=0.472~0.575),家庭教育方式为民主型(参考组为其他)(OR=0.583,95%CI=0.360~0.944),亲朋好友无自杀行为(OR=0.555,95%CI=0.382~0.806),遇到压力和困难时不能得到帮助(OR=1.527,95%CI=1.003~2.323),知心朋友的数量(参考组3个及以上)为0个(OR=2.494,95%CI=1.650~3.769)、1个(OR=1.955,95%CI=1.432~2.669),认为理想与现实(参考组为无差距)差距很大(OR=2.084,95%CI=1.220~3.559)、差距非常大(OR=2.235,95%CI=1.171~4.264)。 结论 医学生的自杀意念检出率不容乐观;生命意义感得分低的医学生更易产生自杀意念;生命意义感与自杀意念存在关联;医学院校应采取针对性措施如加强生命意义感教育从而降低医学生的自杀意念。     

武汉交通管制和集中隔离对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响的动力学模型研究

目的 定量评价武汉市采取交通管制和集中隔离措施对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的控制作用,为疫情防控提供科学依据。 方法 基于SEIR动力学模型,考虑无症状感染者和未确诊隔离患者的特征,构建SEIAHR模型。基于防控措施的实施时间,将疫情分为三阶段,并分别进行参数拟合和计算基本再生数,并对疫情的发展趋势进行预测。 结果 交通管制和集中隔离实施后,R0显著降低,三阶段的R0分别为3.684 1(95%CI:3.106 1~4.048 0)、2.178 8(95%CI: 1.725 8~3.577 6)、0.362 5(95%CI: 0.349 9~0.367 6),发病高峰也发生前移,从交通管制前的2020年4月19日前移至2020年3月14日,疫情规模也在防控措施的作用下减小。 结论 武汉交通管制和集中隔离措施对于疫情控制具有相当良好的作用,可以为其他国家疫情防控提供参考。     

扳机日及其后添加重组人促黄体激素对黄体期长方案助孕结局的影响

目的 探讨扳机日及其后添加重组人黄体生成素(r-hLH)对体外受精和卵胞浆内精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)结局的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年10月于宁夏医科大学总医院生殖医学中心行黄体期长效长方案且扳机日血清黄体生成素(LH)水平<1.2 IU/L的患者的临床资料,共912个周期,根据扳机日、取卵日、移植日是否单点或多点添加r-hLH分为未添加组(n=483)、添加组(n=429);根据是否活产分为非活产组(n=546)、活产组(n=366)。比较各组临床特征和助孕结局,采用二元 Logistic回归分析影响r-hLH添加及活产率的因素。 结果 添加组临床妊娠率、活产率、胚胎种植率、多胎妊娠率、早产率、流产率均高于未添加组,但差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);添加组卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率(3.26%)低于未添加组(8.28%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。二分类Logistics回归分析显示,高水平促性腺激素(Gn)启动日LH(OR:1.597,95%CI:1.313~1.944, P<0.001)、高水平扳机日LH(OR:2.361,95%CI:1.304~4.275, P=0.005)及高OHSS发生率(OR:2.514,95%CI:1.140~5.545, P=0.022)是未添加r-hLH的危险因素。高龄(OR:1.042,95%CI:1.009~1.076, P=0.001)、高BMI指数(OR:1.060,95%CI:1.015~1.106, P=0.011)是低活产率的危险因素,移植2枚胚胎是低活产率的保护因素(OR=0.554,95%CI:0.404~0.761, P<0.001)。 结论 长方案降调相对过度的患者扳机日及其后添加r-hLH可达到理想的助孕结局。     

203例胶质瘤患者睡眠障碍与炎症细胞因子的关联分析

目的 研究胶质瘤患者的睡眠状况,探讨与睡眠障碍有关的炎症因素。 方法 选取2020年12月至2021年12月收治入院的203例胶质瘤患者,使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)调查患者睡眠状况,同时检测患者血浆炎症细胞因子水平,采用单因素分析及二分类Logistic回归分析确定睡眠障碍的危险因素,使用支持向量机(SVM)进一步确定预测模型精确性。 结果 203例胶质瘤患者中,52.7%的患者存在睡眠障碍。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,接受手术(OR=0.491,95%CI=0.245~0.985,P=0.045)是胶质瘤患者未发生睡眠障碍的保护因素;IL-1β(OR=1.838, 95%CI=1.070~3.158,P=0.028)和IL-6(OR=3.627,95%CI=1.453~9.054,P=0.006)高水平表达是患者发生睡眠障碍的危险因素。SVM结果显示,三者预测患者睡眠障碍模型产生的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)为0.793,精确性为0.720(95%CI =0.575~0.838)。 结论 胶质瘤患者睡眠障碍发生率较高,炎症细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6表达水平升高与睡眠障碍发生风险密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.