新辅助化疗联合放疗治疗局限性晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效观察

目的分析新辅助化疗联合放疗治疗局限性晚期宫颈癌的有效性与安全性。方法临床收集84例局限性晚期宫颈癌患者,随机分成2组,对照组（44例）采用新辅助化疗方法治疗,治疗组（40例）均采用新辅助化疗联合放疗治疗,疗程结束后比较并评价两种治疗方法的有效性与安全性。结果治疗后临床观察结果显示,新辅助化疗联合放疗治疗局限性晚期宫颈癌近期观察是安全和有效的,有效率达到95%,与单纯新辅助化疗组相比具有显著的统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论新辅助化疗联合放疗治疗局限性晚期宫颈癌是有效的,同时具有很好的耐受性。     

新辅助化疗治疗宫颈癌43例临床分析

目的探讨新辅助化疗在Ib～1Ib期宫颈癌辅助治疗中的临床效果。方法43例宫颈癌患者术前采用2个疗程的静脉化疗,化疗结束后2-3周全部行宫颈癌根治术。通过观察患者的化疗毒副反应、术中情况、术后病理反应及术中术后并发症,评价新辅助化疗在宫颈癌治疗中的作用。结果43例术后病理阴道切缘及宫旁切缘均无癌残留。术前化疗组与直接手术组比较,术前化疗组较直接手术组的病理情况（淋巴结阳性,宫旁累及阴道切缘阳性）差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,术前化疗组较直接手术组的术中出血量、术中血管、膀胱、输尿管损伤及术后下肢水肿差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而术前化疗组与直接手术组手术时间、术中术后并发症（尿潴留、淋巴囊肿、便秘以及膀胱麻痹）方面的差异均无统计学意义。结论宫颈癌术前新辅助化疗并不增加手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症,是比较安全有效的治疗方法,应用于临床对病灶缩小、术中减少出血、提高手术切净率效果显著。     

宫颈癌综合治疗70例临床分析

目的:探讨Ⅰ B～ⅡB期宫颈癌综合治疗的方案和疗效.方法:我科自2005年8月到2010年8月收治IB～ ⅡB期宫颈癌70例,均行广泛性全子宫+双侧/单侧附件切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术;其中直接行根治手术+术后化疗40例,术前化疗+手术+术后化疗13例,术前放化疗+手术+术后化疗17例.术后病理报告提示盆腔淋巴结转移18例,术后均给予放疗+化疗.结果:30例术前放化疗患者,治疗结束后均达到手术要求,全部患者均能顺利切除病灶,达到宫颈癌根治术要求.70例均获随访,随访时间1～5a,平均3a.随访至今仅1例死亡,3年生存率97.7％ (43/44),5年生存率91.7％(11/12).结论:宫颈癌综合治疗近期疗效较显著,其远期疗效有待进一步观察.     

新辅助化疗在宫颈癌治疗中的应用

目的 评价新辅助化疗在宫颈癌治疗中的效果,为宫颈癌治疗工作的开展提供参考。方法 选择我院2016年8月~2018年3月收治的宫颈癌患者60例。以随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组接受常规手术治疗,观察组在术前给予新辅助化疗治疗。对比两组宫颈癌患者术中出血量、手术时间、治疗效果以及术后并发症情况、患者治疗效果满意度评分。结果观察组宫颈癌患者手术时间为（144.50±23.50）min,短于对照组的（224.50±28.50）min（P＜0.05）;术后并发症总发生率为16.67%,低于对照组的6.66%（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗效果满意度评分（90.02±2.15）分,高于对照组的（75.50±2.80）分（P＜0.05）;治疗总有效率86.67%,优于对照组的73.33%（P＜0.05）。结论 宫颈癌治疗中于术前进行新辅助化疗,可以提高患者治疗效果、安全性、缩短手术时间,整体预后效果显著。     

进展期胃癌新辅助化疗

1　概述新辅助化疗 (neoadjuvant chem otherapy)最早由美国Frei〔1〕提出时是作为综合治疗的一部分主要应用于颈部癌、骨肿瘤、乳腺癌等实体肿瘤的治疗。针对进展期胃癌术后的化疗效果并不理想 ,Willke等在 1989年首先报道了新辅助化疗在胃癌治疗中的应用。近年来 ,新辅助化疗作为综合治疗的一种方法已得到越来越多的关注。1.1　概念新辅助化疗是指在施行手术或放疗之前应用的全身性化疗 ,这种在肿瘤综合治疗中先应用化疗的方法也称早期化疗 〔2〕。1.2　理论基础1根据 Skiper的一级动力学理论 :给予一定量抗癌剂 ,只能消灭一定百分率的…     

大肠癌的围手术期化疗途径研究进展

大肠癌发病率在全世界仅次于肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌之后居恶性肿瘤第4位,其死亡率居第3位。在我国,其发病率占恶性肿瘤的第5位,死亡率占第4—6位。大肠癌的治疗仍以手术、化疗和放疗为主,化疗作为大肠癌综合治疗的重要辅助治疗手段之一,具有治疗和预防复发两大目的。辅助化疗包括术前、术中和术后三大部分。化疗给药途径有多种,各有适用范围,目前临床多采用全身化疗。而大肠癌属化疗非敏感肿瘤,故应少采用全身化疗。抗癌药的药理特性,对癌细胞杀伤力与血药浓度正相关,在靶区或靶器官的浓度增加1倍,杀伤癌细胞数量可提高10倍以上。因此,在围手术期选择合理的给药途径,提高靶区或靶器官的药物浓度关系到手术疗效。本就大肠癌围手术期化疗的各种给药途径作一综述。     

近端胫骨骨肉瘤的保肢术

目的 观察膝关节假体置换治疗胫骨骨肉瘤的近期疗效.方法 35例近端胫骨骨肉瘤患者行术前化疗骨肉瘤广泛切除后,采用全膝关节假体置换,并行术后化疗.结果 35例患者平均随访3年,1例肺转移,1例复发.MSTS功能评分提示功能恢复率为75%,术后近期疗效满意.结论 胫骨骨肉瘤整块切除人工假体置换术辅以正规化疗是治疗胫骨骨肉瘤的有效方法.     

颞下窝肿瘤8例临床诊治分析

目的：探讨颞下窝肿瘤的诊断和治疗疗法。方法：2007年1月～2012年5月,于术治疗颞下窝肿瘤患者8例。译纯手术2例;综合治疗6例,其中于术＋放疗4例,手术＋化疗1例,手术＋放疗＋化疗1例。结果：8例患者手术顺利,无术后并发症。术后随访3个月至5a5个月,2例分别于术后19个月和24个月复发,1例于术后2年半死于肺转移。结论：颞下窝肿瘤仅靠临床症状及体征诊断困难,CT、MR榆夼对颞下窝肿瘤诊断具有再婴价值。于术治疗足本病主要治疗手段,熟知颞下窝的解洲层次可明屁减少下术创伤及预防手术并发症的发生。术后放化疗有助于改善生存率。     

7例宫颈癌介入性化疗的体会

宫颈癌作为女性生殖系统最常见的三大恶性肿瘤之一,近40年因广泛应用阴道脱落细胞防癌徐片检查,使宫颈癌得到早期诊断、早期治疗。目前治疗宫颈癌的主要方法是手术和放疗,并已取得了较好的成绩。但对那些需要放疗或术前需加用放疗的患者,而医院又不具备放疗条件时,如何使用其他治疗     

宫颈癌动脉化疗研究

宫颈癌是妇科常见的肿瘤,近年来存在发病率上升且发病年龄低龄化的趋势,平均发病年龄为52.2岁[1],但5年生存率没有明显的提高[2],引起了越来越多的关注。手术治疗和放疗是传统的治疗手段,针对的是宫颈原发灶、宫旁三角区和区域淋巴结的治疗,不能控制肿瘤周边肉眼看不到的亚临床转移灶。近年来,随着肿瘤化学治疗的基础与临床研究的迅速发展,宫颈癌的化学治疗越来越受到国内外学者的重视。动脉化疗作为综合治疗宫颈癌的手段之一,目前主要应用于宫颈癌手术和放疗前的辅助化疗、宫颈癌急性出血期的止血及中晚期、复发性宫颈癌的治疗。作为一项新的有效治疗宫颈癌的手段,宫颈癌的动脉化疗在宫颈癌的治疗中占着重要的地位。     

盆腔肿瘤放化疗与骨髓抑制相关性的研究进展

局部进展期和中晚期直肠癌、宫颈癌患者的主要治疗手段为同步放化疗。骨盆是全身造血骨髓分布比例最大的区域,也是盆腔肿瘤患者放疗时无法避免的区域。同步放化疗在提高疗效的同时也增加了血液毒性的发生率,一旦出现严重骨髓抑制,会导致治疗中断,延长治疗时间,最终可能影响疗效。骨髓抑制风险识别是肿瘤放化疗治疗中亟须解决的一个重要问题。该文从放疗技术、放疗剂量学参数和化疗方案等方面对国内外肿瘤放化疗与骨髓抑制相关性的研究现状进行综述,为构建我国骨髓抑制预测模型提供参考,以便早期识别高危人群,进行针对性的预防和治疗。     

Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in gynecological cancer research

Gynecological cancers pose a significant threat to women's health worldwide, with cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer having high incidences. Current gynecological cancer treatment methods mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy. The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology as a new therapeutic method has shown tremendous effect in the treatment of other cancers, promoting research on its potential therapeutic effect in gynecological cancer. In this article, we reviewed the current research status of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gynecological cancer, focusing on the importance of studying the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 in gynecological cancer treatment, thereby laying a foundation for further research on its clinical application.     

Association between human papillomavirus infection and cytological abnormalities during early follow-up of invasive cervical cancer

Considering the limitations of cytology for detection of residual cervical cancer after radiotherapy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and viral load of high-risk HPV in cervical and vaginal samples during the early follow-up of patients treated for invasive cervical cancer and correlate the results with cytological examination. Conventional cytology and hybrid capture test were performed on cervical and vaginal samples of 52 women with invasive cervical carcinoma 3 months after therapy. High-risk HPV was detected in 46.1% of the samples and the median and the range of the ratio relative light unit (RLU)/cutoff (CO) (estimated viral load) in positive samples was 1.71 (1-2120.03). No significant difference was observed in viral frequency and in median of the ratio RLU/CO between samples of patients at different stages (I-III) and between cervical samples, from patients treated by exclusive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, and vaginal samples, from patients who underwent to hysterectomy and radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Cytological abnormalities were more frequent significantly in samples with HPV than in samples without HPV. The viral load was also higher significantly in samples with cytological abnormalities when compared with the samples without cytological abnormalities. In conclusion, HPV detection methods may be useful during the early follow-up as a complement to conventional cytology for the diagnosis of residual cervical cancer after radiotherapy.     

A randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

BACKGROUND: We conducted a randomized trial to determine whether combination chemotherapy plus thoracic radiotherapy is superior to thoracic radiotherapy alone in prolonging survival and preventing local recurrence in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIa non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS: After surgical staging and resection of the tumor (usually by lobectomy or pneumonectomy), the patients were randomly assigned to receive either four 28-day cycles of cisplatin (60 mg per square meter of body-surface area intravenously on day 1) and etoposide (120 mg per square meter intravenously on days 1, 2, and 3) administered concurrently with radiotherapy (a total of 50.4 Gy, given in 28 daily fractions) or radiotherapy alone (a total of 50.4 Gy, given in 28 daily fractions). RESULTS: Of the 488 patients who were enrolled in the study, 242 were assigned to receive radiotherapy alone and 246 were assigned to receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median duration of follow-up was 44 months. Treatment-associated mortality was 1.2 percent in the group given radiotherapy alone and 1.6 percent in the group given chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median survival was 39 months in the group given radiotherapy and 38 months in the group given chemotherapy and radiotherapy (P= 0.56 by the log-rank test). The relative likelihood of survival among patients assigned to receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as compared with those assigned to receive radiotherapy alone, was 0.93 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.18). Intrathoracic disease recurred within the radiation field in 30 of 234 patients (13 percent) in the group given radiotherapy and in 28 of 236 patients (12 percent) in the group given chemotherapy and radiotherapy (P=0.84); data on recurrence were not available for 18 patients. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with radiotherapy alone, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide does not decrease the risk of intrathoracic recurrence or prolong survival in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIa non-small-cell lung cancer.     

Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer: Hope — Reality — Hazard?

Summary According to a NIH Consensus-Development Statement, adjuvant polychemotherapy following mastectomy is considered beneficial to premenopausal patients with positive axillary nodes. Nevertheless, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in relation to menopausal status, axillary lymph node status, estrogen receptor status, choice and dose of agents, and long-term survival is not defined. Based on experimental background information and theoretical deductions, the clinical results have fallen short of expectations. The data of Bonadonna's CMF study reveal that the overall 5-year survival is increased by 4%; premenopausal patients benefit by 12% whereas treated postmenopausal patients have a 5% less chance of survival. Only those patients benefit who can tolerate a full or nearly full dose; these are only 17%. At this time it is not clear whether the small survival differences from adjuvant chemotherapy represent a real step forward in the fight against breast cancer. In the majority of patients (75 to 85%), at the time of adjuvant chemotherapy, systemically disseminated cancer cells are at mitotic rest or their proliferation is minimal. At this stage, adjuvant chemotherapy has no or little effect. Therefore, only a small proportion of patients (15 to 25%) has subclinical systemic cancer growth at the time of primary therapy or thereafter; only these patients have a chance to respond to chemotherapy. In view of this tumor kinetic problem and the hazards of chemotherapy, it seems advantageous (a) to focus on definition of patient subgroups at high risk for early recurrence post primary therapy to serve as participants in trials of adjuvant chemotherapy and/or (b) to concentrate on early diagnosis of recurrent disease for immediate institution of endocrine-and/or polychemotherapy.     

Role of vault cytology in follow‐up of hysterectomized women: Results and inferences from a low resource setting

The study was undertaken to assess the utility of cervico‐vaginal/vault cytology in the follow‐up of women treated for cervical cancer and benign gynecological conditions. Records of 3,523 cervico‐vaginal smears from 2,658 women who underwent hysterectomy and/or radiotherapy or chemotherapy, over a 10‐year period were retrieved. Data was collected on type of treatment received, indication for hysterectomy, age of patient, presenting symptoms, stage of tumor, interval since treatment, cytology and biopsy results. The results of cytology versus other parameters were analyzed separately for women treated for cervical cancer and those hysterectomized for benign indications. Malignant cells were detected in 141/1949 (7.2%) follow‐up smears from treated cervical cancer cases (140 recurrences and 1 VAIN). Around 92% of recurrences of cervical cancer were detected with in 2 years of follow‐up and 75% of these women were symptomatic. Cytology first alerted the clinicians to a recurrence in a quarter of cases. On the other hand, VAIN was detected in 5/1079 (0.46%) vault smears from 997 women hysterectomized for benign gynecologic disease. All these women were asymptomatic and majority (80%) were detected in follow‐up smears performed between 3 and 10 years. Vault cytology is an accurate tool to detect local recurrences/VAIN in women treated for cervical cancer or benign gynecological conditions. It may even first alert the clinicians to a possibility of recurrence. However, due to extremely low prevalence of VAIN/vaginal cancer, it seems unwarranted in women hysterectomized for benign indications, especially in resource constrained settings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:762–766. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Pelvic radiation with concurrent chemotherapy compared with pelvic and para-aortic radiation for high-risk cervical cancer

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: We compared the effect of radiotherapy to a pelvic and para-aortic field with that of pelvic radiation and concurrent chemotherapy with fluorouracil and cisplatin in women with advanced cervical cancer. Between 1990 and 1997, 403 women with advanced cervical cancer confined to the pelvis (stages IIB through IVA or stage IB or IIa with a tumor diameter of at least 5 cm or involvement of pelvic lymph nodes) were randomly assigned to receive either 45 Gy of radiation to the pelvis and para-aortic lymph nodes or 45 Gy of radiation to the pelvis alone plus two cycles of fluorouracil and cisplatin (days 1 through 5 and days 22 through 26 of radiation). Patients were then to receive one or two applications of low-dose-rate intracavitary radiation, with a third cycle of chemotherapy planned for the second intracavitary procedure in the combined-therapy group. RESULTS: Of the 403 eligible patients, 193 in each group could be evaluated. The median duration of follow-up was 43 months. Estimated cumulative rates of survival at five years were 73 percent among patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and 58 percent among patients treated with radiotherapy alone (P=0.004). Cumulative rates of disease-free survival at five years were 67 percent among patients in the combined-therapy group and 40 percent among patients in the radiotherapy group (P<0.001). The rates of both distant metastases (P<0.001) and locoregional recurrences (P<0.001) were significantly higher among patients treated with radiotherapy alone. The seriousness of side effects was similar in the two groups, with a higher rate of reversible hematologic effects in the combined-therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of chemotherapy with fluorouracil and cisplatin to treatment with external-beam and intracavitary radiation significantly improved survival among women with locally advanced cervical cancer.     

延伸野调强放疗在局部晚期宫颈癌中的应用

目的:研究体外延伸野调强放疗在局部晚期宫颈癌中的应用价值。方法:120例局部晚期宫颈癌患者（IIB~IVA期）随机分为对照组和观察组,各60例,对照组采用常规同步放化疗方案,观察组采用体外延伸野调强放疗联合同步化疗,5次/周,共8周,随访3年,比较总有效率和毒性反应,局部无进展生存时间（PFS）和生存率。结果:观察组总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（88.3% vs 73.3%, P<0.05）。两组毒性反应发生率和III~IV度百分比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组PFS显著延长,生存率提高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:体外延伸野调强放疗在局部晚期宫颈癌中有较好的安全性和有效性。