大肠癌患者外周血CEAmRNA和CK20mRNA的联合检测及临床意义

目的：探讨大肠癌患者外周血CEAmRNA和CK20mRNA表达情况及临床意义。方法：应用RT—PCR方法检测46例大肠癌患者、22例大肠良性肿瘤患者及30例正常人外周血CEAmRNA和CK20mRNA。结果：在良性肿瘤组及正常人组中，CEAmRNA及CK20mRNA均无表达，而在大肠癌患者中的阳性率分别是54％和61％，二者联合检测阳性（至少一项阳性）率为72％，较单项阳性率高（P〉0．05）。二者表达与患者性别、年龄及肿瘤分化程度无明显相关，而与临床分期及淋巴结转移明显相关。结论：联合检测有助于提高肿瘤微转移检出率，其表达与临床分期及淋巴结转移明显相关，可作预后参考指标。     

大肠癌患者外周血中细胞角蛋白19和癌胚抗原的表达及临床意义

目的:应用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应（nested RT-PCR）技术检测大肠癌患者外周血中CK19 mRNA、CEA mRNA的表达及临床意义,探讨其作为大肠癌微转移检测分子标记物的可能性。方法:应用巢式RT-PCR技术检测20例健康人、20例大肠腺瘤疾病患者和90例大肠癌患者外周血CK19 mRNA和CEA mRNA的表达。结果:大肠癌组CK19 mRNA和CEA mRNA表达的阳性率为58.89%（53/90）和53.33%（48/90）;20例健康人外周血中无CK19 mRNA和CEA mRNA的表达; 20例大肠腺瘤疾病患者有1例CK19 mRNA的表达,阳性率为5.00%（1/20）,无CEA mRNA的表达。大肠癌患者中CK19 mRNA、CEA mRNA的阳性率与肿瘤分期及肿瘤转移有显著相关性（P＜0.05)。结论:CK19 mRNA和CEA mRNA作为检测大肠癌患者外周血微转移的分子标记物具有良好的敏感度和特异性,同时可作为判断大肠癌患者的预后指标。     

CK20m RNA在大肠癌病人外周血中的表达及其临床意义

目的：以CK20mRNA作为靶产物,检测大肠癌病人外周血中的癌细胞即微转移。并探讨其存在的临床意义。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）。检测20例健康志愿者和47例大肠癌患者外周血中CK20mRNA的表达。同时检测20例大肠癌新鲜组织标本中CK20mRNA的表达。结果：20例大肠癌组织标本均扩增出370bp的条带。结肠腺癌HT-29细胞系作为阳性对照亦扩增出370bp的条带,20例正常人外周血中CK20mRNA表达均阴性。全组47例大肠癌病人,19例外周血中表达CK20mRNA,总阳性率为40.4%(19/47),CK20mRNA的表达与肿瘤Dukes分期,最大直径,肝转移有关,结论：CK20mRNA可作为检测大肠癌病人外周血中微转移的良好指标;外周血中CK20mRNA的检测有助于识别出具有复发或远处转移倾向的高危大肠癌病人。     

早期宫颈癌患者外周血CK19和CK20mRNA的检测及临床意义

目的:研究早期宫颈癌患者外周血中CK19、CK20mRNA的表达及其临床意义。方法:采用RT-PCR法术前检测250例ⅠA~ⅡA期宫颈癌患者和50例妇科良性肿瘤患者及18名健康自愿者外周血中CK19、CK20mRNA的表达,并分析其与临床病理因素的关系。结果:250例早期宫颈癌患者外周血中CK19、CK20mRNA的阳性表达率分别为36%和24%,而在妇科良性肿瘤中分别为3.0%和0%,18例健康自愿者无一例表达CK19、CK20mRNA阳性(P<0.01);CK19、CK20mRNA的单独阳性表达率除与脉管瘤栓显著相关外(P<0.01),与宫颈癌的预后因素如分期、分化、组织类型、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小均无关(P>0.05),而CK19、CK20mRNA双阳性表达与淋巴结转移和脉管浸润及近期盆腔外的转移显著相关(P<0.01)。结论:外周血中CK19、CK20mRNA的表达可以作为检测早期宫颈癌微转移的生物学指标,但对预后的意义有待于进一步研究。     

巢式RT-PCR检胃癌患者外周血循环癌细胞的研究

目的　分析胃癌患者外周血中CK 2 0mRNA及CEAmRNA的异常表达及意义。方法　采用RT PCR方法检测 5 2例胃癌患者术前外周血中CK 2 0mRNA及CEAmRNA的表达。结果　胃癌患者外周血中CK 2 0mRNA、CEAmRNA阳性表达率分别为 42 .3 % (2 2 /5 2 )及 5 1.9% (2 7/5 2 ) ,CK 2 0mRNA和CEAmRNA两者中至少 1个基因为阳性的表达率为 63 .5 % (3 3 /5 2 )。胃癌患者外周血中CK 2 0mRNA表达与胃癌的远处转移有关 ,CEAmRNA表达、CK 2 0mRNA和CEAmRNA都表达、CK 2 0mR NA和CEAmRNA两者中至少 1个表达与胃癌的浸润深度、淋巴结转移和远处转移相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　胃癌患者外周血CK 2 0和CEA的RT PCR检测有助于患者预后的判断 ;联合检测CK 2 0mRNA和CEAmRNA可增加外周血循环癌细胞检测的敏感性     

大肠癌患者外周血癌细胞CK20检测及其意义

目的:探讨大肠癌患者外周血癌细胞角蛋白20(cytokeratin,CK20)检测与转移复发的关系。方法:以非同位 素RT-PCR方法,检测30例大肠癌患者术前和术后外周血中大肠癌细胞的标志物CK20,同时检测20例健康者外周血作对 照。结果:30例患者外周血中查出CK20阳性表达23例,阳性率76.67%,20例健康者外周血均无CK20表达。CK20阳性检 出与Dukes分期、淋巴结转移和肝转移存在显著性差异(P<0.05),术后3天内外周血CK20阳性检出较术前多出2例。随访 发现,外周血CK20扩增阳性者,术后发生肝转移的机会增加(33.3%)。结论:检测大肠癌患者外周血微转移癌细胞CK20可 提高大肠癌临床分期的准确性,帮助综合判断患者的预后,且可能有助于早期诊断大肠癌肝脏微小转移。     

CK20、CK19、CEA在肺癌患者外周血中的表达及其意义

背景与目的 恶性肿瘤在其早期阶段即可能发生微转移,由于进入血液循环中的肿瘤细胞数目极少,常规的检测手段不易发现,现代分子生物学技术进展使微转移检测成为可能.本研究联合检测肺癌患者的外周血CK20、CK19、CEA mRNA表达,并分析其临床意义.方法 应用巢式RT-PCR法分析83例肺癌患者外周血单个核细胞CK20、CK19、CEA mRNA表达情况;另取15例食管癌组织为阳性对照,15例非肿瘤患者外周血为阴性对照.结果 83例肺癌患者外周血中,CK20阳性表达率为34/83(41.0%),CK19阳性表达率为30/83(36.1%),CEA阳性表达率为40/83(48.2%);三者至少一项阳性的表达率为61/83(73.5%).15例食管癌组织中CK20、CK19、CEA阳性表达率100%,15例阴性对照组外周血CK19、CEA阳性表达率均为2/15(13.3%);CK20阳性表达率为1/15(6.6796).CK20、CK19、CEAmRNA阳性表达与肿瘤有无转移有关(P<0.05),与肿瘤患者的年龄、性别无关.结论 CK20、CK19、CEAmRNA可作为检测肺癌患者外周血微转移的靶基因,联合检测CK20、CK19、CEA可增加外周血循环癌细胞的检出率,CK20、CK19、CEAmRNA同时表达可增加实验结果特异性.     

结直肠癌外周血和腹膜腔微转移影响因素分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌患者外周血和腹膜腔微转移及其影响因素.方法 收集施行手术治疗的90例结直肠癌患者和25例结直肠良性疾病患者外周血及腹腔灌洗液,RT-PCR方法检测CK-20mRNA和CEAmRNA表达;手术切除标本常规病理学分析.结果 (1)结直肠癌患者外周血CK-20mRNA和CEAmRNA表达率分别为45.6%(41/90)和54.4%(49/90),两者联合检测表达的阳性率为64.4%(58/90);腹膜腔CK-20mRNA和CEAmRNA表达阳性率分别为51.1%(46/90)和58.9%(53/90),两者联合检测表达的阳性率为68.9%(62/90);上述指标均随肿瘤的浸润深度、PS因素的递进,以及淋巴结及肝脏转移而增高(P<0.05);在结直肠良性疾病患者外周血及腹腔灌洗液标本中均未检出CK-20mRNA和CEAmRNA的表达.(2)腹腔灌洗液中CK-20mRNA和(或)CEAmRNA表达的阳性率与同一指标在外周血中的表达相比无差异;外周血及腹腔灌洗液中CEAmRNA的表达与CK-20mRNA表达相比也无差异.结论 采用RT-PCR方法检测结直肠癌患者外周血和腹膜腔CK-20mRNA和CEAmRNA的表达,有助于筛选亚临床转移和预测病理分期;两者的联合检测更有意义.     

10例大肠癌患者外周血中CK20mRNA检测

目的:检测大肠癌患者外周血中的癌细胞,以确定其肿瘤是否有微转移发生.方法:应用逆转录酶链反应(RT-PCR),检测10例大肠癌患者癌组织和外周血中CK20mRNA的表达.结果:10例大肠癌患者中有5例外周血检测出CK20mRNA,阳性率为50%.结论:外周血中CK20mRNA检测可作为大肠癌病人肿瘤微转移的参考指标,有助于肠癌转移的早期发现和选择更好的化疗方案.     

胃肠道癌外周血CK20 mRNA的表达及临床意义

背景与目的:检测上皮组织特异性标志物,如CK19、CK20、多形上皮粘蛋白的核心蛋白(MUC1)及CEA等,在外周血、淋巴结及骨髓中的表达,是诊断早期胃肠道癌微转移的重要手段之一。本研究通过检测手术前、后胃肠道癌患者外周血细胞角蛋白20信使核糖核酸(CK20mRNA)的表达,了解胃肠道癌血行播散转移情况及在围手术期综合治疗中的意义。方法:采用巢式逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(Nest-RT-PCR)检测62例胃肠道癌患者手术前后外周血CK20mRNA的表达状况。结果:62例样本中,34例(54.3%)术前CK20mRNA检测为阳性,31例(50.0%)术后CK20mRNA检测为阳性,对照组10例正常人及12例良性胃肠病患者CK20mRNA测定均为阴性。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者外周血CK20mRNA阳性率依次为37.5%、36.3%、66.7%、100.0%。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者与Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者比较,两者间CK20mRNA的阳性率(分别为36.9%和83.3%)有显著性差异(P<0.05)。胃肠道癌的分化程度及癌栓的形成与外周血CK20mRNA的表达无关。有局部淋巴结转移患者与无淋巴结转移患者的阳性表达率有显著性差异(P<0.01)。手术前后外周血CK20mRNA阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:外周血CK20mRNA检测可作为胃肠道癌微转移的判断指标之一,对临床正确分期及治疗起指导作用。     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

Sensitizers and protectors of radiation and chemotherapy

Curr Probl Cancer 2001;25:329-412.