首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
维持性血液透析患者高血压的控制及其相关因素分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
目的回顾分析北京大学人民医院肾内科血液透析中心维持性血液透析(MHD)患者高血压控制情况及血压控制不佳的相关因素,探讨高血压治疗的合理对策。方法分析MHD高血压患者高血压的特点及血压未控制的可能原因,观察采取个体化治疗措施6个月后血压控制情况。结果MHD患者高血压的患病率为85.2%。高血压以单纯收缩压升高为主(52.2%),仅2.1%患者为单纯舒张压升高,另有22.8%表现为收缩压和舒张压均升高。Logistic回归分析表明透析间期体重增加量(β=1.932,P=0.012)、体重增加率(β=9.85,P=0.030)、透析不充分(β=-3.448、P=0.008)及血清iPTH水平(β=0.005、P=0.002)是影响透析前收缩压的独立危险因素。采取个体化治疗措施6个月后,透析间期体重增长量[(2.90±0.92)kg比(3.43±1.15)kg]及体重增加率[(4.17±1.59)%比(4.75±1.90)%均降低(P〈0.05)]。血压达标率提高(57.4%比22.8%,P〈0.01),降压药物剂量(3.55±1.31)比(3.00±1.26)DDD减少。结论透析间期体重增长过多、透析不充分、高血清甲状旁腺激素水平是透析前收缩压的独立危险因素。控制透析间期体重增长、减少容量负荷是治疗MHD患者高血压的基本措施。  相似文献   

2.
目的:通过分析维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血浆N-末端前体脑钠肽(NT—proBNP)与血压、透析间期质量增长之间关系,探讨NT-proBNP评估MHD患者心脏负荷的临床应用价值。方法:2010年i0月2010年12月复旦大学附属中山医院血液净化中心透析龄超过3个月的MHD患者232例,所有患者心脏超声检查示左心室射血分数〉50%,并且无明显心力衰竭临床表现,排除急性心血管事件,记录患者1周连续3次透析前血压、透析间期体质量增长量,分析血浆NT—proBNP水平与透析前血压、透析间期体质量增长量等反映心脏负荷指标之间的关系。结果:(1)MHD患者血浆NTproBNP为2598.0(1404.0~4736.3)pg/mL,所有患者均高于正常;(2)血浆NTproBNP与收缩压(r=0.315,P〈0.0/)及舒张压(r=0.178,P〈0.01)呈显著正相关,血压〉/60/100mmHg患者的NT—proBNP显著高于血压140/90mmHg-160/100mmHg及≤140/90mmHg患者(P%0.01);(3)透析间期体质量相对增长量≤4%患者血浆NT—proBNP水平显著低于〉4%患者(P〈0.01),且与透析间期体质量增长量呈显著正相关(r=0.395,P〈0.01);(4)以血压≤140/90mmHg,透析问期体质量相对增长量≤4%,且无明显心力衰竭视作为MHD患者心脏负荷状态良好,血浆NT—proBNP水平在判断MHD患者容量状态的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积为0.85(0.79~0.90,P〈0.01),以NT—proBNP2705.5pg/mL作为界值的灵敏度为61.8%,特异度为98.2%。结论:MHD患者血浆NT—proBNP水平升高,且与患者血压及透析间期体质量增长显著相关。血浆NT—proBNP水平可作为监测MHD患者心脏负荷状态的敏感指标。  相似文献   

3.
难治性高血压的产生机制及其处理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
难治性高血压(RH),又称抵抗性高血压(resistanthy-pertension)或抗高血压治疗抵抗(resistanttoantihyperten-sivetherapy)是指联用足够剂量的三种或三种以上降压药物仍然不能控制血压的情况。一般以舒张压持续在90mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)以上为标准,也有定为收缩压≥160mmHg或(和)舒张压≥95mmHg。RH可以出现在初治的高血压患者,也可以出现在原经药物治疗血压已得到良好控制的患者中,在中、重度高血压患者中的发生率较轻度高血压者高[1]。RH是高血压治疗中的一种常见的临床现象。在现有的高血压患者中大约有1/2血压来…  相似文献   

4.
目的观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)专科门诊实施健康管理对于CKD3—4期合并高血压患者血压控制情况的影响。方法对265例在CKD门诊规律随访的CKD3—4期合并高血压患者进行前瞻性的健康管理,随访12个月,对比健康管理前后患者血压控制情况,包括:疾病知晓率、血压达标率等,评估健康管理的实际效果。应用Logestic回归分析血压达标的相关因素。结果患者接受CKD专科门诊健康管理后,对高血压知晓率由89.4%增至97.7%,血压控制靶值(收缩压〈130mmHg且舒张压〈80mmHg)知晓率由55.8%增至83.0%药物治疗率由88.3%增至92.8%,血压达标的比率由18.9%增至39.2%,P均〈0.05。在接受健康管理的患者中,有利于血压达标的因素包括:高中以上教育程度(OR=0.54,P=0.030)、知道血压靶值(OR=0.25,P=0.003)、在家自测血压(OR=0.53,P=0.042)、及应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素II受体抑制剂(OR=0.35,P=0.001)。结论对CKD门诊随访患者开展健康管理可以有效提高血压控制达标率。  相似文献   

5.
1老年高血压的诊断标准 我国目前将60岁及60岁以上者划分为老年人,老年高血压的诊断标准为:①年龄≥60岁;②连续3次非同日血压测量,收缩压≥140mmHg(18.7kPa)和(或)舒张压≥90mmHg(12.0kPa);③老年单纯收缩期高血压诊断标准为血压≥140mmHg或舒张压〈90mmHg;④排除假性和继发性高血压。  相似文献   

6.
目的分析在综合护理干预下,腹膜透析(PeritonealdialysiS,PD)患者季节性高血压变化幅度的影响因素,为进一步治疗和护理干预提供依据。方法选取在北京大学第一医院肾内科规律随访的PD患者,自愿接受综合护理干预措施,对他们进行容量控制教育、家庭监控血压、强化降压治疗和电话随访,收集夏季(6~8月)和秋季(9~11月)2个不同季节的血压、体质量、降压药的使用、透析超滤量、尿量以及生化指标,并对2个季节上述各项指标进行比较,通过线性回归模型分析在综合护理干预下影响秋季血压升高的影响因素。结果共纳入181例PD患者,中位透析龄(最大值,最小值)为35.93(9.27,115)月,其中男性81例(44.8%),女性100例(55.2%),糖尿病肾病71例(39.2%),合并心脑血管疾病56例(30.9%),综合护理干预后夏季和秋季收缩压分别为129.20±16.84mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kpa)和133.95±15.58mmHg,2者间差值中位数为5mmHg(-1.67,6.67),秋季比夏季更高(P〈0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示秋季体质量增长是影响收缩压变化的独立影响因素(P=0.031)。结论在实施综合护理干预措施后,PD患者秋季的体质量增长是其季节性高血压变化幅度大的重要影响因素,提示体质量管理可能是改善季节性高血压的措施之一。  相似文献   

7.
目的 了解高血压血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)患者居家血压变异度状况,并观察根据HD患者高血压发病机制进行个体化治疗后,HD患者居家血压变异度的变化情况.方法 选取北京朝阳医院肾内科透析室部分稳定维持性HD患者进行家庭血压(Home-BP)监测,了解HD患者居家血压变异度情况,以居家血压的变异系数表示血压变异度.并以家庭收缩压≥150mmHg (1mmHg=0.133kPa)为未控制的高血压的诊断标准,对未控制的高血压患者进行生物电阻抗监测、透析前后血清钠测定、药物使用情况调查,了解水、钠负荷及药物应用合理性情况,进而针对性地分别进行降低干体质量、应用低钠透析液和合理使用降压药物的干预措施.随访2个月,观察患者血压及血压变异度情况. 结果 共有105例稳定维持HD患者进行家庭血压监测,患者居家血压变异度为(4.8±2.2/5.0±2.4)%.未控制的高血压患者有60例(57.1%),经个体化降压治疗后,居家血压从(166.3±12.6/87.5±11.7) mmHg降至(154.1±14.2/82.6±11.4)mmHg(P<0.001,t=7.223; t=4.796,P<0.001),收缩压变异度由(4.9±2.2)%降至(4.6±2.5)% (P=0.340,t=0.961).其中30例容量超负荷患者,予降低干体质量后,家庭收缩压和舒张压明显降低,变异系数分别下降0.4%和0.1%(P=0.027,t=2.329;P=0.041,t=2.138).12例患者应用低钠透析液(136mmol/L)后,居家血压下降,血压变异度无明显改变.其余18例容量负荷正常、未使用低钠透析的患者通过增加肾素-血管紧张素抑制剂和αβ受体阻滞剂等,居家血压下降,血压变异度减小,但未达统计学差异.结论 针对高血压HD患者高血压的病因进行治疗,能够有效地改善患者的家庭血压及血压变异度.  相似文献   

8.
黄建平  刘忠  陈勇 《实用医学杂志》2007,23(19):3081-3082
目的:以氨氯地平为对照,观察培哚普利对原发性高血压的降压效果,并评价其对肾功能的影响。方法:1、2级原发性高血压患者分为培哚普利组(4mg/d)和氨氯地平组(5mg/d),治疗4周,如血压得到控制(收缩压〈140mmHg和舒张压〈90mmHg),继续原剂量治疗8周;如血压未得到控制[收缩压≥140mmHg和(或)舒张压≥90mmHg],将上述药物剂量加倍后继续治疗8周。治疗前后和治疗期间定期测量血压,治疗前和治疗12周末检测血清肌酐(Scr)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、尿微量白蛋白(U—MAlb)、血和尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿α1广微球蛋白(α1—MG)。结果:与治疗前比较,两组治疗4、8、12周末血压均有明显下降(P〈0.01);两组之间同期相比,治疗4、8、12周末血压差异无统计学意义(P〉0. 05)。治疗12周末降压有效率培哚普利组95%,氨氯地平组98%,两组间相比差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗12周末 Scr、Ccr差异无显著性(P〉0.05),培哚普利组U—MAIb、血和尿β1-MG、尿α1—MG较治疗前显著下降(P〈0.01),氨氯地平组变化差异无显著性(P〉0.05)。结论:培哚普利和氨氯地平均对轻中度原发性高血压有显著的降压效果,疗效确切。同时.培哚普利还能降低U—MAlb、血和尿β2-MG、尿α1-MG.对肾功能有保护和改善作用。[著者文摘]  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨联合应用降压药物治疗老年性单纯收缩期高血压的效果。方法对48例老年性单纯收缩期高血压、服用单一药物血压控制不良病人联合应用降压药物治疗,缬沙坦80mg每日1次早6:00时服用,伲福达10mg每日1次晚饭前服。分别于联合用药前和用药1个月后测血压值并进行比较。结果联合应用降压药物前后收缩压比较差异有显著性(t=5.217,P〈0.01).而舒张压比较差异无显著性(t=1.354.P〉0.05)。结论缬沙坦、伲福达联合应用治疗老年性单纯收缩期高血压效果较好,尤其是对服用单一药物血压控制不良者。  相似文献   

10.
透析高血压的发病机制及治疗进展   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
透析高血压是指在透析充分的状态下,患者透析前平均动脉压(mean aterial pressure,MAP)超过106mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kpa),即收缩压大于140mmHg,舒张压大于90mmHg。透析高血压中有一类特殊类型的高血压就是血液透析过程中发生的高血压(intradialytic hypertension),它是指的一部分血液透析患者在透析过程中平均动脉压(mean aterial pressure,MAP)较透析前不但没有下降反而升高,并且这一现象并不能随着血液透析超滤的增加得到有效改善。目前对于这一类特定类型的高血压国际上尚无统一的定义,最广泛接受的就是Amerling等提出的概念,即透析开始或进程中MAP较透析前升高超过15mmHg。本文将主要介绍此类高血压的发生机制和治疗。  相似文献   

11.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

12.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

13.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

16.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.  相似文献   

19.
ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号