腹膜后巨大淋巴结增生症1例报道

Castleman’s disease（CD）又称血管滤泡性淋巴组织增生或巨大淋巴结增生症,是一种病因不明和少见的良性疾病,Castleman等1954年首次报道1例纵隔淋巴结增生样肿块,于1956年确立为非肿瘤性病变,并将本病按组织学表现分为透明血管型（HV）和浆细胞型（PC）。现将所经治1例腹膜后Castleman病的临床资料结合文献复习报道如下。     

肾上腺区域 Castleman 病的外科治疗

目的探讨肾上腺区域Castleman病的临床表现和外科治疗。方法回顾性分析2003--2013年4例。肾上腺区域Castleman病的临床表现、治疗过程及预后,其中男性1例,女性3例,肿瘤直径4～7cm,均以肾上腺肿瘤收入院且缺乏肾上腺肿瘤的特异性临床表现。结果4例肾上腺肿瘤均行手术切除,肿瘤位于肾脏血管和下腔静脉或腹主动脉之间,和周围组织广泛粘连。术后病理报告为Castleman病,其中透明血管型3例（HV）;浆细胞型1例（PC）。4例均认可为良眭疾病,术后失访1例,余3例患者现均存活,无肿瘤复发。结论Castleman病临床上较为少见,而肾上腺区的Castleman病则更为罕见。因此,对于肾上腺区域的肿瘤而又缺乏。肾上腺肿瘤特异性临床表现的患者应考虑到患Castleman病可能,手术切除肿瘤疗效可靠,但确诊需依靠术后的病理检查。     

巨大淋巴结增生2例

巨大淋巴结增生,是一种较少见的、病因不明的良性病变,以纵隔和颈部淋巴结最常见,国外报告较多,近年国内亦陆续报道,现将我室所遇2例报告如下:例1 女,29岁。胸闷、胸痛8～9年,加重半年。胸片:纵隔肿瘤。手术所见:肿块位于肺门处,约6×5×5cm,与心包、肺、前静脉等粘连,分离切除。     

局灶型纵隔Castleman病5例手术治疗效果观察

目的探讨以肺门及纵隔肿块为表现的局灶型纵隔Castleman病的临床特点、诊断及外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析5例局灶型纵隔Castleman病患者的病历资料及诊疗情况,总结其临床表现、外科诊疗和预后。结果 5例Castleman患者中,男1例、女4例,年龄16～30岁。行开胸手术4例,胸腔镜手术1例,病灶位于右肺门、左前纵隔、左后纵隔、右前纵隔和右后纵隔各1例。病理分型均为透明血管型。行开胸手术为左侧2例、右侧2例,行右侧胸腔镜手术1例,均行纵隔内肿瘤完整切除。随访5～110个月患者均生存、无复发。结论局灶型纵隔Castleman病术前误诊率高,其确诊需依靠病理组织学,手术可行纵隔肿块切除,术后预后较好。     

何杰金淋巴瘤化疗致播散型肺结核1例

<正> 患男,34岁,因低热、盗汗伴左颈部及腹部进行性增大包块诊断不明,行剖腹探查术。术中见脾脏肿大约15cm×10cm×8cm,质硬,内有大小不等实性结节,脾门有2cm×2cm×1cm淋巴结2～3个;腹膜后腹主动脉旁见10多个核桃大小之淋巴结,距回盲部6cm回肠系膜处有一12cm×12cm×7cm肿块与肠壁及系膜根部相连,质硬。     

局灶性Castleman病2例报告并文献复习

目的 Castleman病（Castleman’s disease,CD）又称血管滤泡性淋巴组织增生或巨大淋巴结增生,是一种少见的原因未明的反应性淋巴结病。本研究报告2例局灶性Castleman病（local Castleman’s disease,LCD）,结合复习相关文献,以提高对LCD的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析泰安市中心医院从1994年至2009年收治的2例LCD患者临床资料。结果 1例患者有轻度局部压迫症状,1例患者无明显临床症状,呈单个淋巴结增生,淋巴结最大径4～4.5 cm,其中1例位于颈部,1例位于腹膜后。经术后病理确诊,均为透明血管型。1例患者出现血尿（＋＋）,尿蛋白（＋）,17-OH1、7-KS类固醇增高。2例患者均行肿物切除术,术后无肿瘤复发。结论 LCD主要表现为单一部位的淋巴结肿大,以透明血管型为主,多无临床症状和实验室检查异常结果。CT检查对诊断有一定帮助,但确诊仍靠病理。手术切除疗效好,术后可长期生存。     

腹膜后原发性神经内分泌癌1例

患者男性,22岁。左上腹隐痛7天,无恶心呕吐,无头晕、心慌、冷汗等低血糖表现。体检:左上腹深触诊触及肿块边缘。B超检查示:腹膜后实质性不均质肿物6cm×7cm,考虑为腹膜后占位病变。遂行剖腹探查术。术中见左上腹肿块8cm×7cm×5cm,肿块主要与后腹膜相连,小部分与侧腹及横结肠脾曲粘连,与胰腺无粘连。探查肝、胆、脾、胃十二指肠、小肠、肾及肾上腺均无异常发现。遂剥离肿块连同周围肿大淋巴结一并切除。     

1例纵隔Castleman病合并闭塞性细支气管炎Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭及副肿瘤天疱疮的护理

Castleman病(Castleman’s disease,CD)属原因未明的反应性淋巴结病之一,又名血管滤泡性淋巴组织增生或巨大淋巴结病,临床较为少见[1].病理特征为明显的淋巴滤泡、血管及浆细胞呈不同程度的增生.临床上以深部或浅表淋巴结显著肿大为特点,部分病例可伴全身症状和(或)多系统损害,多数病例手术切除肿大的淋巴结后效果良好[ 2].2010年11月本院呼吸科收治1例纵隔Castleman病患者合并闭塞性细支气管炎Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭及副肿瘤天疱疮患者,经过医护人员的治疗及精心护理后出院,现报道如下.     

4例Castleman病临床病理分析

目的：提高对Castleman病的病理诊断水平。方法：通过组织学、组织化学及免疫组化等方法对Casdeman病加以分析。结果：4例中3例为透明血管型，1例浆细胞型，其中女性1例，男性3例，1例发生于颈部，2例纵隔，1例腹膜后。结论：Castleman病是一种特殊类型原因不明的淋巴结增生性疾病，该病诊断主要依靠病理学确定，结合组织化学、免疫组化加以鉴别诊断。     

局限性Castleman病的CT特征分析及病理对照

目的探讨局限性Castleman病的CT表现特点。方法结合临床与病理资料,回顾性分析10例局限性Castleman病,所有患者均行CT平扫和增强扫描,由2名放射学医师同时分析。结果 10例局限型Castleman病中共12个肿块,其中颈部及腋窝各1例均为2个肿块(同一淋巴链区),肺内、纵隔肿块、后腹膜肿块为单发肿块。呈类圆形或椭圆形,直径在3-12 cm间,平均5.6 cm。病理分型为透明血管型7例和浆细胞型3例。透明血管型CT平扫表现为密度均匀,但中间可有条状或裂隙样低密度,而增强扫描表现为除条状或裂隙样低密度外,明显均匀增强,并与腹主动脉同步增强,周围可有点条状增强血管,平扫CT值27-54 HU,增强后CT值在39-145 HU间,且腹部2例相对较大肿块可见钙化及不强化区;浆细胞型CT平扫表现为密度均匀,而增强扫描表现为轻中度均匀增强。结论局限性Castleman病CT表现与发生部位和病理类型密切相关,透明血管型LCD的CT表现具有特征性,而浆细胞型LCD的CT表现则缺乏特征性。     

Castleman病的诊断与外科治疗

目的 探讨Castleman病的临床特点及外科诊疗.方法 回顾性分析19例Castleman病患者临床资料,其中男8例,女11例,发病年龄7～74岁,中位年龄40岁.肿瘤分布:颈部12例,颈部合并纵隔2例,腋下2例,腹膜后2例,腹腔1例.结果 19例患者中18例行手术切除,术后病理明确为Castleman病,按Frizzera分类标准分为局灶型16例(其中浆细胞型-霍奇金病1例,透明血管型11例,混合型4例),多中心型3例(其中浆细胞型2例,混合型1例).术后所有患者均长期生存,其中浆细胞型1例术后2年复发,行二次手术+CVP方案(环磷酰胺+长春新碱+泼尼松)化疗6周期,现存活5年;浆细胞型转化为霍奇金病1例,初次手术6个月后复发,行二次手术切除+ABVD方案(阿霉素+博来霉素+长春碱+达卡巴嗪)化疗6周期,现无病生存15个月.腹腔浆细胞型1例给予CHOP方案(环磷酰胺+长春新碱+阿霉素+泼尼松)化疗1周期后肠梗阻解除出院.结论 Castleman病临床多表现为无痛性肿物渐进性增大,局灶型Castleman病首选手术治疗,预后良好;而多中心型和浆细胞型Castleman病易于复发和转化为淋巴瘤,其治疗应选择以手术切除+术后辅助化疗为主的综合治疗,临床预后不良.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical features and surgical treatment of tumors associated with Castleman's disease(CD).Methods The clinical profiles of 19 patients with neck giant lymph node hyperplasia were analyzed retrospectively.There were 8 males and 11 females with a median age of 40 years old(range:7-74).The tumor locations were neck(n=12),neck & mediastinal cavity(n =2),axillary fossa(n=2),retroperitoneal area(n=2)and abdominal cavity(n=1).Results Eighteen of them underwent surgical resection of tumor or lymph nodes. All were diagnosed as CD by pathological examinations.There were 16 localized CD(LCD)including hyaline vascular type(HV type,n=11),mixed type(mix type,n =4)and plasma cell type-Hodgkin's disease(n=1).Among 3 multicentric CD (MCD),there were 2 case of plasma cell type(PC type)and Ⅰ case of mixed type(mix type).Long-term survival was achieved in 19 cases among which 1 case of plasma cell type MCD survived for 5 years and underwent a second operation and postoperative chemotherapy of CVP(cyclophosphamide,vincristine & prednisone)regimen for 3 cycles due to recurrence in 2 years and 1 case of plasma cell type LCD-Hodgkin's disease survived for 15 months and underwent a second operation and postoperative chemotherapy of ABVD (adriamycin,bleomycin,vinblastine & dacarbazine)regimen for 6 cycles due to recurrence in 6 months.One case of plasma cell type MCD in abdominal cavity on chemotherapy of CHOP(cyclophosphamide,hydroxydaunorubicin,vincristine & prednisone)regimen for 6 cycles was discharged after a successful management of intestinal obstruction. ConclusionsThe major clinical symptom of CD is a gradually enlarging painless mass.Surgical resection of tumor remains the first-line treatment for localized CD and the prognosis is excellent.Multicentric and plasma cell type CDs are prone to recurrence and transformation to lymphoma.And their first-line therapeutic should encompass multi-modality regimens of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.However,the clinical prognosis is still poor.     

伴有副肿瘤性天疱疮和肺部异常的局限性Castleman病的临床与病理

目的：分析局限性Castleman病伴有副肿瘤性天疱疮（PNP)和肺浸润的临床、病理和CT表现。方法：4例患者均经手术证实。有完整的临床、实验室、CT影像和病理资料。结果：4例患者临床初诊症状均为PNP,继发性肺部异常包括闭塞性细支气管炎（3例）、多发肺梗塞（1例）和肺脓肿（1例）。CT扫描肿瘤均为单发较大的（直径5－14cm）高强化软组织肿块,病灶位于后腹膜腔3例,前纵隔1例。病理分型,透明血管型3例,中间型1例。PNP于切除肿瘤后2－32周完全消退,而3例闭塞性细支气管炎患者疗效不佳,至今仍有呼吸困难和刺激性咳嗽。结论：PNP和肺部异常为Castlaeman‘s病少见而严重合并症。早期诊断和手术切除肿瘤对患者愈合极为重要。     

侵及胸腹部大血管肿瘤患者的临床治疗

目的 探讨侵及胸腹部大血管肿瘤患者的治疗过程中,血管外科技术的临床应用经验.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2009年6月北京大学人民医院血管外科应用血管外科技术手术治疗的67例侵犯胸腹部大血管肿瘤住院患者临床资料.其中单纯侵犯血管壁者31例,血管内瘤栓者20例,侵犯血管壁合并瘤栓者16例.结果 67例患者均接受手术治疗,术式包括肿瘤血管粘连松解15例,血管切除缝合24例,人工血管补片10例,心包补片3例,人工血管置换或转流15例,腔内瘤栓取栓36例,其中8例侵犯右心房者在体外循环下完成手术.肿瘤根治性切除58例,姑息性切除9例,完整切除率为86.6％,无术中死亡,围术期死亡8例.获随访52例,失访7例,随访率88.1％.截至2009年6月,本组病例术后生存期48个月以上18例,24个月以上29例,12个月以上38例,6个月以上50例,6个月以下2例,死亡原因多为肿瘤全身转移,疗效最好的恶性肿瘤为肾癌.结论 肿瘤累及大血管时可以通过多种血管外科技术的综合运用提高肿瘤切除成功率和改善术后生存质量.     

肺错构瘤21例外科治疗分析

目的 分析肺错构瘤的临床特征和外科治疗。方法对21例肺错构瘸患者的临床表现、影象学特征、手术方法进行分析。结果21例患者中有症状者10例，X线和CT均显示：肿瘤的形态和大小，11例有钙化。术前诊断为肺错构瘤8例，肺结核6例，肺癌4例，肺炎性假瘤3例。手术方式：肺错构瘤摘除3例，肺楔形切除10例，肺段切除3例，肺叶切除5例。随访无1例复发。结论肺错构瘤理想的疗法是手术切除，微创切口和胸腔镜手术可作为较好手术途径。     

超声辐照结合载替莫唑胺纳米粒凝胶间质化疗在胶质瘤术后大鼠模型中的实验研究

目的 研究超声辐照结合载替莫唑胺纳米粒凝胶系统间质化疗胶质瘤大鼠术后模型的疗效,探究超声能否增强间质化疗疗效。 方法 ①选取15只大鼠胶质瘤术后模型,瘤腔注入载荧光素纳米凝胶,做超声辐照结合载荧光素纳米凝胶在术后瘤周脑组织中的弥散实验,随机分为3组,分别进行无超声辐照和2种不同强度超声辐照,术后第7天将全部大鼠灌注取脑制作冰冻切片,荧光显微镜下选取不同部位摄片,观察荧光分布情况,并对不同部位荧光强度进行半定量,分析荧光强度差异。②选取24只大鼠胶质瘤模型进行生存实验:随机分为4组,分别为对照组、手术组、手术+间质化疗组、手术+间质化疗+超声组,记录其死亡时间,进行生存分析。 结果 ①无超声辐照,载荧光素纳米粒主要集中于瘤腔周围,经超声辐照后,载荧光素纳米粒主要集中于交界处,且远端脑组织内浓度增多。②生存分析显示治疗组与对照组生存时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),手术+间质化疗+超声组效果最好。 结论 超声辐照可促进凝胶中纳米粒向瘤周组织弥散,超声辐照结合载TMZ mPEG-PLGA纳米颗粒凝胶系统间质化疗可显著提高术后胶质瘤大鼠模型的生存时间。      

Early and long-term results of combined cardiac surgery and neoplastic resection in patients with concomitant severe heart disease and neoplasms

Background  It is a surgical dilemma when patients present with both severe heart disease and neoplasms. The best surgical treatment remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the early and long-term results of simultaneous surgical treatment of severe heart disease and neoplasms.

Methods  We reviewed the clinical records of 15 patients who underwent simultaneous neoplastic resection and cardiac surgery between September 2006 and January 2011. There were 5 male and 10 female patients. The mean age was (59.2±12.5) years and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was (57.4±11.0)%. All patients were followed up completely for a period of 12 to 51 months (mean, (33.1±11.2) months).

Results  Fifteen patients underwent simultaneous cardiac surgery and neoplastic resection. Cardiac procedures consisted of off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (n=7), aortic valve replacement (n=3), mitral valve replacement (n=3), mitral valve replacement with coronary artery bypass grafting (n=1) and left atrial myxoma resection (n=1). Neoplastic resection consisted of lung cancer resection (n=5), colonic cancer resection (n=3), gallbladder resection (n=1), colonic cancer resection with gallbladder resection (n=1), hysterectomy (n=2), hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (n=2) and left ovariectomy (n=1). Pathological examination confirmed malignant disease in 10 patients and benign disease in 5 patients. There were no perioperative myocardial infarctions, stroke, pericardial tamponade, renal failure or hospital deaths. The most frequent complications were atrial fibrillation (33.3%), pneumonia (26.7%), low cardiac output syndrome (6.7%) and delayed healing of surgical wounds (6.7%). There was 1 late death 42 months after surgery for recurrent malignant disease. At 1 and 3 years, survival rates were 100% (Kaplan-Meier method).

Conclusions  Simultaneous cardiac surgery and neoplastic resection was not associated with increased early or late morbidity or mortality. Cardiopulmonary bypass does not appear to adversely affect survival in patients with malignant disease. The long-term survival was determined by tumor stage.

     

消化道类癌的外科治疗和疗效

目的 :探讨消化道类癌的外科治疗方法及其疗效。方法 :回顾 1975年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月间在上海市徐汇区中心医院和复旦大学医学院附属中山医院外科进行手术的 4 8例消化道类癌病例 ,分析所有病例的肿瘤情况、手术方式和临床疗效。结果 :34例肿瘤直径小于 2 .0cm的病人经内镜下或经肛门电灼切除和局部扩大切除术后随访无 1例复发 ,14例肿瘤直径大于 2 .0cm的病人有 12例行肿瘤根治术 ,其中 3例术后出现转移而死亡 ,生存期为 11～ 4 8个月。另有 2例术中发现广泛转移无法切除 ,不到半年均死亡。结论 :肿瘤的大小与其预后有密切关系。直径小于 2 .0cm的肿瘤可以行电灼切除或局部扩大切除 ,对于直径大于 2 .0cm的肿瘤应尽可能行根治术 ,术后预后良好。     

累及腹腔重要血管的腹膜后节细胞神经瘤切除术23例总结

目的 回顾分析累及腹腔重要血管的腹膜后节细胞神经瘤行手术切除治疗的可行性及安全性.方法 选取2020年1月至2021年9月海军军医大学(第二军医大学)长海医院收治的23例节细胞神经瘤患者,肿瘤侵犯腹主动脉、腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉等腹腔重要血管,均行手术切除治疗,并经术后病理学结果确诊.收集患者性别、年龄、切除肿瘤直径、手术时间、术中失血量、引流管留置时间、并发症及随访情况等资料.结果 23例患者中,男9例、女14例,年龄36(17～65)岁.23例患者手术均获得成功,手术时间60(45～170)min,术中失血量100(100～2300)mL,切除肿瘤直径3(3～11)cm,术后住院时间4(3～14)d,引流管留置时间4(3～20)d.有5例患者术后出现淋巴漏,所有患者均未出现血管破裂、闭塞等严重术后并发症.截至2021年11月,所有患者均未出现肿瘤复发.结论 累及腹腔重要血管的腹膜后节细胞神经瘤行手术切除难度相对较大,但在术者具备一定血管处理经验的前提下仍是安全可靠的治疗方式.     

Long-term survival for spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with hepatectomy

Objective:To determine the prognostic factors of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and report the management of patients with spontaneous rupture of HCC in a single center during a 5-year period and to evaluateone-stage hepatectomy.Methods:A series of 4,209 patients with HCC were collected at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from April 2002 toNovember 2006,of whom 200 patients (4.8％) with ruptured HCC were studied retrospectively regarding their clinical characteristics and prognostic factors.The one-stage therapeutic approach to manage ruptured HCC consisted of initial management by conservative method,transarterial embolization (rAE) or surgical hepatectomy.Results of various treatments were evaluated and compared in the randomly selected 202 patients with no history of rupture during the same study period.Results:A total of 200 patients with spontaneous rupture of HCC were studied who underwent surgical treatment (n=105),TAE 33 and conservative treatment (ConT 62).A multivariate analysis using the Cox hazard regression model (including all the patients;n=200) identified surgical hepatectomy as the only independent factor determining a relatively long survival period (P<0.0001).On the other hand,in a further analysis of the patients in whom surgical hepatectomy was successfully performed (n=105),which identified a maximum tumor size exceeding 6 cm as significant determinants of a poor 12-month (P=0.036),and a multivariate analysis did not identify as any inverse independent factor determining relatively long-term survival,only a maximum tumor size exceeding 6 cm exhibited a tendency toward being a determinant factor (P=0.083).Conclusion:Considering the high propensity to spontaneous rupture,as long as preoperatively clinical evaluation meet surgery requirements,elective one-stage hepatectomy for patients with ruptured HCC is the first treatment option.Prolonged survival could be achieved in selected patients with hepatic resection,although the survival results were inferior to those of the patients who did not have the complication of rupture.     

经皮射频消融与手术切除治疗小肝癌的疗效比较

目的 比较经皮射频消融术与手术切除治疗小肝癌的疗效。方法 采用临床随机对照研究,对2000年3月至2003年6月共112例临床分期属于Ia期和Ib期的小肝癌随机分为手术切除组和射频消融组,分别予以全麻下开腹行肝切除术或经皮射频消融作为首次治疗方法。结果 手术切除组65例的术后第1、2和3年的肝内累积复发率分别是10．7％、18．4％和24．6％。术后1、2和3年的生存率分别为93．2％、85．7％和67．3％。射频消融组47例的术后第1、2和3年的肝内累积复发率分别是8．5％、19．1％和23．4％。术后1、2和3年的生存率分别为92．8％、82．0％和64．5％,两组的生存率比较差异无显著性意义(P=0．7534)。按临床分期进一步分组比较,Ia期两组的生存率相近,射频消融组略优,但差异无显著性意义(P=0．1253);Ib期时,手术切除组的术后1、2和3年的生存率略优,其差异亦无显著性意义(P=0．4617)。结论 经皮射频消融为小肝癌根治性治疗提供了一种新的手段,其疗效与手术切除相近,特别是对肿瘤直径≤3cm的Ia期小肝癌,近期疗效优于手术切除,达到了根治性效果,在条件许可和技术上有保证的情况下,可部分代替开腹手术切除。