小剂量芬太尼—安定麻醉诱导对老年病人的循环影响

本研究的目的是观察小剂量芬太尼、安定在本麻诱导插管期间对老年病人循环系统的影响,并与硫喷妥钠进行临床比较。方法是择期手术病人分为两组,分别以芬太尼５～６μｇ／ｋｇ、安定０．１５～０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ或硫喷妥钠５～６ｍｇ／ｋｇ和琥珀胆碱１～１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ诱导后气管插管,应用４０５Ａ型多功能生命体征监测仪监测并记录诱导前、诱导后、插管即刻及插管后１、３、５ｍｉｎ的血流动力学变化。结果表明：芬太尼组各参数     

异丙酚、依托咪酯、硫喷妥钠全麻诱导对循环影响的比较

目的：研究异丙酚、依托咪酯和硫喷妥钠在麻醉诱导期间对人体血流动力学若干指标的影响。方法：用异丙酚（２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）、依托咪酯（０．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）、或硫喷妥钠［（４ｍｇ～６ｍｇ）·ｋｇ－１］对３０例ＡＳＡⅠ或Ⅱ级的病人进行静脉麻醉诱导，以无创伤监测仪测定动脉血压和脉率。结果：异丙酚、硫喷妥钠静脉注射以后，患者的血压明显下降，硫喷妥钠组的脉率有显著增加，而异丙酚组的脉率相对平稳。依托咪酯组的血压、脉率无明显变化。结论：异丙酚对循环有较大的抑制作用，但控制心率的作用优于硫喷妥钠，依托咪酯对循环的影响最小。     

异丙酚对眼内压的影响

２０例择助手术病人随机分为两组：异丙酚组（ｐ组）．麻醉诱导用异丙酚２ｍｇ／ｋｇ；硫喷妥钠组（Ｔ组）。麻醉诱导用硫喷妥钠５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。观察两组在麻醉诱导和气管插管时不同时间病人眼内压的变化。结果表明，异丙酚和硫喷妥钠均有降低眼内压的作用，但的者比后者的作用更强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。异丙酚能明显抑制气管插管引起的眼内压升高。提示异丙酚可作为眼科手术较理想的麻醉药。     

苯丙酸甲酯盐酸盐联合异丙酚预防气管插管时不良心血管反应

目的：应用超短效β１受体阻滞剂苯丙酸甲酯盐酸盐和快速静脉镇静药异丙酚预防全麻气管插管时不良心血管反应的效应。方法：选择全麻择期手术患者１００例,ＡＳＡⅠ￣Ⅱ级,心肺功能正常,随机分为两组,组Ⅰ（ｎ＝５０）用芬太尼２μｇ／ｋｇ,异丙酚２ｍｇ／ｋｇ、阿曲库铵０．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ麻醉诱导后,静注苯丙酸甲酯盐酸盐１ｍｇ／ｋｇ后３ｍｉｎ气管插管;组Ⅱ（ｎ＝５０）为对照组,用芬太尼２μｇ／ｋｇ、硫喷妥钠８ｍｇ／ｋ     

老年病人全麻术中血流动力学维持特点

老年病人心血管代偿能力差 ,如何保持术中血流动力学的平稳 ,对维持各脏器功能及术后恢复都十分重要。本研究旨在探讨静注硫喷妥钠、异丙酚或依托咪酯诱导插管和吸入安氟醚或静注芬太尼、异丙酚维持麻醉下 ,老年患者腹部手术中血流动力学的特点。１．一般资料 :将６０例接受全麻的择期腹部手术病人随机分为３组 ,每组２０例。均无严重心、肺、肝或肾功能不全 ,亦无休克及精神疾患。３组病人的一般情况见表１。２．麻醉方法 :麻醉前用药为安定１０ｍｇ、阿托品０．５ｍｇ。诱导用药 :Ⅰ组为硫喷妥钠５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、芬太尼５μｇ／ｋｇ和琥珀酰…     

尼卡地平预防双腔支气管导管插管反应的观察

目的 观察应用尼卡地平预防双腔支气管导管插管心血管反应的效果。方法 肺、食道择期手术病人４０例，随枘发为２组，每组２０例。 唑安定０．０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ、异丙酚１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、芬太尼４μｇ／ｋｇ、维库溴铵０．１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ静脉诱导后，甲组给予尼卡地平４μｇ／ｋｇ，乙组给予生理盐水３ｍｌ作为对照，分别于诱导前、后、插管后即刻及１、３、５ｍｉｎ监测收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、舒张压（ＤＢＰ）、心率（ＨＲ），并计算心率收缩压乘积（ＲＰＰ）。结果 Ａ组插管后血压无明显升高，心率较诱导前无明显增快，Ｂ组插管后血压明显升高。结论 尼卡地平可抑制双腔支气管导管插管时的心血管副反应。     

异丙酚抗惊厥作用的实验研究

目的 比较异丙酚和硫喷妥钠对印防己毒素和荷包牡丹碱的惊厥的影响。方法 ＮＩＨ小鼠,随机分为对照组,腹腔注射生理盐水０．１ｍｌ／１０ｇ;异丙酚组,腹腔注射异丙酚２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５０和１００ｍｇ／ｋ;太喷妥钠组,腹腔注射硫喷妥钠１２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２５和５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。尾静脉持续注印防己毒素和荷包牡丹碱诱发小鼠惊厥,测定各组小鼠的惊厥阈值。结果 异丙酚及硫喷妥钠各剂量组均使小鼠印防已毒素和荷包牡丹碱惊     

异丙酚、硫喷妥钠静脉麻醉诱导的临床观察

目的:观察异丙酚在全麻诱导插管期间对呼吸循环的影响,并和硫喷妥钠进行比较.方法:择期手术病人30例,随机分为两组,即异丙酚组(P组)和硫喷妥钠组(T组),每组各15例.诱导方法为静注芬太尼4ug/kg, 观察2分钟静注异丙酚2.0mg/kg-2.5mg/kg或硫喷妥钠6mg/kg-8mg/kg和琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg-2.0mg/kg后气管插管.应用Dash3000监测仪分别在诱导前、诱导后、插管后即刻及插管后5分钟测定循环参数的变化.结果:诱导后P组的血压和RPP与诱导前比较显著降低(P＜0.01).在插管后即刻P组的血压,RPP和HR上升幅度比T组小,T组与诱导前相比有显著性差异(P<0.01),组间相比有差异(P<0.05).结论:异丙酚诱导迅速、平稳,可能减少心肌耗氧量,对插管刺激引起的高血压反应比硫喷妥钠轻.异丙酚不失为一种良好的全麻诱导药.     

压宁定预防气管插管心血管反应的临床研究

目的：评价压宁定预防气管插管时心血管反应的效果。方法：选择３０例择期手术的全麻病人，随机分Ａ组（对照）、Ｂ组（０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ压宁定）和Ｃ组（０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ压宁定）各１０例。全麻诱导均静注硫喷妥钠５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，芬太尼３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，琥珀胆碱１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。压宁定Ｂ和Ｃ组诱导前５ｍｉｎ先静注压宁定。结果：气管插管期间三组血压较诱导前均增高，Ａ组升高显著（Ｐ＜００１），Ｂ、Ｃ组升高无统计学意义（Ｐ＞００５），心率及心率收缩压乘积Ａ、Ｃ组较诱导前升高显著（Ｐ＜００１或＜００５），Ｂ组变化较小（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：压宁定对预防气管插管心血管反应有效，但不能完全消除该反应，且随着剂量的增加可反射性地增加插管期间的心率。     

异丙酚和苏芬太尼联合用药对插管应激反应的影响

探讨异丙酚和苏芬太尼联合应用对全麻诱导期插管应激反应的影响。２９名患者随机分为３组。第１组（９例）用异丙酚１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，第２组（１０例）用异丙酚２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ；第３组（１０例）异丙酚１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ加苏芬太尼０．８μｇ／ｋｇ。注入异丙酚后４ｍｉｎ行气管插管，连续监测插管前后心率（ＨＲ）、收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、舒张压（ＤＢＰ）、平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）及氧饱和度（ＳｐＯ２）变化。结果显示，第１组患者插     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.