经肛门腹腔镜手术治疗先天性巨结肠的临床应用

目的:探讨经肛门腹腔镜手术治疗先天性巨结肠的手术疗效及对身心应激、预后的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2022年1月收治的103例先天性巨结肠患儿,根据手术方案分为A组(n=52,经肛门行腹腔镜手术)与B组(n=51,行腹腔镜辅助巨结肠根治术)。两组均采取快速康复理念。统计两组围术期指标、并发症、肛门排便控制效果、手术前后改良耶鲁围术期焦虑量表、疼痛介质(前列腺素E₂、内啡肽、P物质)等。结果:A组手术时间、术前洗肠时间短于B组,术中出血量少于B组(P<0.05);进入手术室、麻醉诱导时、术后第1天,A组焦虑评分低于B组(P<0.05);术后第1天,A组血清前列腺素E₂、P物质水平低于B组,内啡肽水平高于B组(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率及术后6个月排便控制优良率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:两种腹腔镜手术结合快速康复理念治疗先天性巨结肠的效果相当,其中经肛门腹腔镜手术可减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间,减轻身心应激反应。     

腹腔镜辅助与单纯经肛门手术行一期Soave拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术行一期经肛门Soave拖出术的优点及常规腹腔镜探查的必要性。方法:回顾分析110例巨结肠患者行经肛门Soave拖出术的临床资料。分为两组:常规腹腔镜辅助经肛门Soave组(LTS,n=73),单纯经肛门并选择性应用腹腔镜手术组(TS,n=37)。分析两组手术过程,比较肠蠕动恢复时间、手术时间、并发症及近期排便情况。结果:TS组中3例因拖出结肠移行段不明确选择性应用腹腔镜,3例长段型巨结肠单纯经肛门游离系膜困难用腹腔镜游离系膜和脾曲。两组患者年龄、性别、移行区位置、小肠结肠炎、肛门狭窄、吻合口并发症、肠蠕动恢复时间、手术时间等无显著差异。LTS组肛门部解剖时间51～71min,平均61min,明显短于TS组;手术费用LTS组比TS组平均高约2 000元。LTS组2例患儿因吻合口瘘行肠造瘘术。TS组5例患者需再次手术,1例吻合口瘘行肠造瘘,1例肠扭转,1例肛门回缩、狭窄,2例便秘复发。术后随访3个月～8年,平均4年6个月,两组近期排便功能相似。结论:单纯经肛门Soave术能完成多数短段型和常见型巨结肠的诊治,费用低于腹腔镜Soave手术,近期排便功能良好,不需常规应用腹腔镜。但当拖出困难、疑为长段型时则应使用。腹腔镜辅助Soave术是更全面的技术,适于不同类型的患者。     

腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的手术并发症及防治措施

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的手术并发症及防治措施。方法:回顾分析2002～2012年为625例先天性巨结肠患儿行腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术的临床资料。其中男506例,女119例;9天～8岁3个月,平均(41.13±4.85)个月;体重2.3～23.4 kg,平均(8.34±0.86)kg。常见型334例,长段型216例,全结肠型75例。结果:625手术均获成功,手术时间70～210 min,平均(102.76±16.43)min;术中出血量3～10 ml,平均(4.58±0.62)ml。术后近期大便4～15次/d,6～12个月后大便接近正常,大便2～5次/d。术后发生小肠结肠炎56例(8.96%),肛周皮炎98例(15.68%),污粪35例(5.6%),便秘复发4例(0.64%),吻合口漏、结肠回缩3例(0.48%),结肠扭转4例(0.64%),肛门狭窄8例(1.28%),吻合口出血5例(0.8%)。结论:腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠具有创伤小、操作简单、安全、有效、美观等优点;但也具有一些并发症,尤其长段型、全结肠型巨结肠。术前诊断及术中、术后规范处理,可减少术后并发症的发生。     

腹腔镜手术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠的疗效观察

目的:对比腹腔镜辅助Soave术与传统经腹Soave术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2005年6月至2011年3月经临床症状、钡剂灌肠、术后病理证实为先天性巨结肠127例患儿的临床资料,其中78例行腹腔镜Soave术(A组),49例行传统经腹Soave术(B组)。结果:A组中1例因腹腔粘连严重中转开腹,余均顺利完成腹腔镜手术;术中出血量平均(10.2±2.6)ml,术后平均住院(8.2±1.4)d,术后发生便秘1例、大便失禁1例、先天性巨结肠相关性肠炎2例(Hirschsprung associated enterocolitis,HAEC)、肠梗阻1例,无切口感染及肛门狭窄。B组术中出血量平均(15.1±3.4)ml,术后平均住院(12.8±2.7)d,术后发生便秘3例、肛门狭窄2例、大便失禁2例、HAEC 5例、切口感染2例、肠梗阻4例。结论:腹腔镜辅助Soave术具有患儿创伤小、康复快、术后进食早、输液时间及住院时间短、术后并发症少等优点,手术安全可靠,与传统开腹手术相比,具有一定优越性,适于新生儿。     

腹腔镜手术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床分析

目的:比较腹腔镜与传统经腹巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床效果。方法:回顾分析2005年6月至2013年6月经临床症状、钡剂灌肠、术后病理证实为先天性巨结肠的433例患儿的临床资料,其中261例行腹腔镜巨结肠根治术(A组),172例行传统经腹巨结肠根治术(B组)。结果:A组2例因腹腔粘连严重中转开腹,余均顺利完成腹腔镜手术。术后随访1~6年,平均(4.0±1.3)年。A组术中出血量平均(5.4±1.5)ml,平均住院(7.3±1.5)d,输液时间平均(4.5±1.2)d,抗生素应用时间平均(3.0±1.3)d,术后肠梗阻4例(1.53%),无切口感染,便秘5例(1.92%)、肛管狭窄5例(1.92%)、污粪3例(1.15%)、先天性巨结肠相关性肠炎9例(3.45%);B组出血量平均(12.6±3.5)ml,平均住院(14.5±2.65)d,输液时间平均(11.6±2.7)d,抗生素应用时间平均(8.8±2.3)d,术后肠梗阻7例(4.07%),切口感染4例(2.33%),便秘8例(4.65%)、肛门狭窄6例(3.49%)、污粪4例(2.33%)、先天性巨结肠相关性肠炎15例(8.72%)。两组患者术中出血量、术后输液时间、抗生素应用时间、住院时间、切口感染率、肠炎发生率差异有统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜手术由于术后进食早,输液及抗生素应用时间、住院时间短,手术创伤、瘢痕小,康复快,外观美观,术后并发症相对较少,与开腹手术相比,具有一定的优越性,适于儿童。     

经肛门改良Soave根治术治疗先天性巨结肠疗效观察

目的:观察经肛门Soave根治术治疗先天巨结肠术后排便及其它并发症情况。方法:自2001年9月～2003年9月对24例年龄20天～6个月的先天性巨结肠患儿行肛门Soave根治术,术后定期随访,随访时间3个月～2年,对患儿大便控制能力,粘连性肠梗阻,及小肠结肠炎等的发生率进行评价。结果:术后并发症有小肠结肠炎5例(21.8％),便秘1例(4％),污粪2例(8％)。结论:经肛门Soave根治术术后可获得良好的排便控制。     

经肛门Soave先天性巨结肠根治术的护理

自2001年9月～2005年9月我院共采用经肛门Soave先天性巨结肠根治术162例。该手术方式一改传统的开腹先天性巨结肠根治术，全部操作在肛门处完成，避免了术后肠粘连、切口感染等并发症的发生，治疗效果满意。现将162例巨结肠根治术的护理介绍如下。     

内括约肌部分切除在经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术中的应用

目的探讨内括约肌部分切除对经肛门Soave巨结肠根治手术疗效的影响。方法前瞻性人组2003-2012年间广东省东莞市人民医院收治的153例先天性巨结肠患儿,均予以经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术治疗。按简单单双号法将患儿分为部分切除组（77例）和单纯切开组（76例）,分别于术中进行内括约肌部分切除或仅单纯切开直肠后壁肌鞘。比较两组患儿术后并发症及排粪控制功能的差异。结果部分切除组患儿较单纯切开组术后直肠肌鞘内感染[1．3％（1／77）比11．8％（9／76）,P〈0．05]、小肠结肠炎[2．6％（2／77）比13．2％（10／76）,P〈0．05]、吻合口狭窄[3．9％（3／77）比22．4％（17／76）,P〈0．01]及腹胀[10．4％（8／77）比25．0％（19／76）,P〈0．05]的发生率均明显降低。两组术后1年排粪控制功能比较差异无统计学意义（Kelly评分：5．1±0．5比5．2±0．6,P〉0．05）。结论与单纯切开直肠后壁肌鞘相比,内括约肌部分切除能明显降低经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术后直肠肌鞘内感染、腹胀、吻合口狭窄和小肠结肠炎的发生率,同时并不会加重术后远期排粪控制功能的损害。     

腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠(附73例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析2002~2010年应用腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗73例新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床资料。结果:73例手术均获成功,患儿腹胀、便秘等临床症状消失,大便每天5~19次,腹部切口均愈合良好。术后小肠结肠炎6例,肛周皮炎23例,污粪5例,无复发、肠粘连、吻合口瘘、结肠回缩等并发症发生。术后随访,随小儿年龄增长,大便次数逐渐减少,术后3个月大便呈糊状,6~12个月后大便接近正常,排便功能优良率98%。结论:腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠具有患儿创伤小、操作简单、安全、有效、并发症少等优点,特别是对长段型巨结肠、全结肠型巨结肠优势明显。     

先天性巨结肠患儿微创治疗方案的研究

目的:探讨先天性巨结肠患儿的最佳微创治疗方案。方法:回顾分析2011年8月至2013年2月126例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料,根据手术方式分为对照组(常规腹腔镜组)与实验组(经脐腹腔镜组),通过对比分析两组手术时间、手术并发症、住院时间、术后患儿排便功能评分及术后家长满意度,来评判与比较两种术式的治疗效果。结果:两组患儿手术时间、住院时间、术后排便功能评分差异无统计学意义,但实验组患儿家长对治疗效果更满意,术中、术后并发症明显少于对照组,尤其小肠结肠炎、肠梗阻发生率差异具有统计学意义。结论:经脐腹腔镜结肠切除术具有操作简单、出血量少、并发症少及微创等优点,可作为治疗先天性巨结肠患儿的优先选择术式。     

Analysis of problems, complications, avoidance and management with transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease

Background

The primary aim of this study is to detail the problems, complications, their avoidance, and management with transanal pull-through developed from experience with 65 patients.

Methods

A retrospective study of 65 patients who underwent transanal pull-through between January 2002 and December 2006 was conducted. Their medical charts and operative notes were reviewed for problems encountered during surgery, postoperative period, and follow-up.

Results

In 46 patients, a primary transanal pull-through was performed, whereas in 19 with a prior colostomy, followed staged pull-through was done. The minimum follow-up was 6 months, with an average of 22 months after surgery (range, 6-47 months). Sixteen patients (25%) experienced at least 1 complication. These included inadvertent full-thickness mobilization of the rectum in 3 (4.6%), retraction and bleeding of colonic mesenteric vessels in 2 (3.7%), difficulty in mobilizing intraperitoneal colon in 1 (1.5%), and a false-positive frozen section in 2 patients (3%). Early postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients (11%), which included sphincter spasm in 3 (4.6%), anastomotic leak in 1 (1.5%), cuff abscess in 2 (3%), and enterocolitis in 1 (1.5%). Late postoperative complications in 46 patients (70%), occurring from 1 week till 3 months of follow-up included perianal excoriation in 22 (34%), increased stool frequency in 20 (31%), anal stenosis in 3 (4.6%), and enterocolitis in 2 patients (3%). Methodology is detailed for avoidance and management of problems and complications. Individual patient analysis, complications timing, and strategy for management are discussed.

Conclusion

Patient outcomes for transanal pull-through have improved significantly as a result of combination of experience and the ability to avoid and manage associated complications. Experience, avoidance, and interdiction are key factors in complication management.     

Special surgical approaches during peri-COVID-19 pandemic: Robotic and transanal minimally invasive surgery

During the peri-coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the need of special care has raised, not only for our patients but also for health care workers. These needs are different regarding the procedure and the approach performed. This is a dynamic review in the use of robotics and transanal approaches for colorectal diseases. We searched PubMed and KSREvidence.com for studies related to coronavirus disease and robotic surgery/transanal mesorectal excision/transanal surgery(primary and systematic reviews). From 147 results in PubMed, 11 were selected for full text screening, and 11 were included in this paper. From 3 results in KSREvidence, no relevant systematic reviews were identified. We also checked the references in identified papers for further relevant studies. European Society of Coloproctology guidelines were including as part of the recommendations available. Robotic and transanal MIS can be performed safely during the pandemic, but particular characteristics of these procedure need to be taken into consideration.     

The problematic Soave cuff in Hirschsprung disease: Manifestations and treatment

Purpose

Following a Soave pull-through for Hirschsprung disease (HD), some children struggle with obstructive symptoms. We hypothesized that these symptoms could result from a functional obstruction of the pull through caused by the Soave cuff, and that cuff resection might improve bowel emptying.

Methods

We reviewed patients referred to our center from 2008 to 2012 with obstructive problems following a Soave pull-through for HD (CCHMC IRB # 2011–2019). Only patients with an obstructing Soave cuff were analyzed. Patients with other reasons for obstruction (anastomotic stricture, transition zone, aganglionic segment) were excluded.

Results

Thirty-six patients underwent reoperation at our center for obstructive symptoms after an initial Soave pull-through. Seventeen of these patients had a Soave cuff only as the potential source of obstruction. Pre-operative symptoms included enterocolitis (10), constipation (6), and failure to thrive (1). Nine patients (53%) required irrigations to manage distension or enterocolitis pre-operatively. 14/17 patients (82%) had a palpable cuff on rectal exam. Eight patients (47%) had radiographic evidence of a cuff demonstrated by distal narrowing (4) or a prominent presacral space (4). Four children (23%) underwent excision of the cuff only. Thirteen (76%) had removal of the cuff and proximally dilated colon [(average length 7.2 cm) (12 performed transanally, and five needed laparotomy as well.)] Post-operatively, episodes of enterocolitis were reduced to zero, and need for irrigation to treat distension was reduced by 50%. Nine patients have voluntary bowel movements, and five are clean on enemas. 3/6 patients with pre-operative constipation or impaction now empty without enemas. (Follow up 1–17 months, mean 7 months.)

Conclusions

Recurrent enterocolitis, constipation, or failure to thrive can indicate a functional obstruction due to a Soave cuff when no other pathologic cause exists. Physical exam or contrast enema can identify a problematic cuff. Reoperation with cuff resection can dramatically improve bowel emptying.     

开腹手术与腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的远期疗效及患者生活质量的对比研究

目的:比较开腹手术与腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的远期疗效及对患者生活质量的影响。方法:选择2009年7月至2011年6月收治的157例结直肠癌患者,采用χ~2检验、Kaplan-Meier曲线法、Log rank检验及Student’s t检验比较腹腔镜组与开腹组的术后并发症、肿瘤复发率、5年生存率(期)及生活质量。结果:并发症严重程度两组差异有统计学意义(Z=8.243,P=0.023),腹腔镜组更轻、开腹组更重;两组肿瘤复发率及复发类型差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组5年总生存率为38.03%,中位生存时间为41个月,开腹组为46.51%及43个月,两组相比差异无统计学意义(Log rankχ~2=0.749,P=0.387,HR=0.823,95%CI:0.523-1.296)。腹腔镜组Karnofsky评分显著高于开腹组(t=2.305,P=0.022)。结论:虽然与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术并不能显著延长患者生存期、提高5年生存率,但其并发症更轻,患者生活质量更好,临床可优先考虑选择腹腔镜治疗可手术的结直肠癌。     

腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠的临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效,评价临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析2007年1月至2009年2月为45例异位妊娠患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料,随机选择同期行开腹手术的异位妊娠患者45例,比较两组手术时间、出血量、并发症、术后住院时间及术后妊娠率等。结果：腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术后镇痛药使用率、术后发热率明显低于开腹组（P〈0.05）,术后肛门排气时间、住院时间明显短于开腹组（P〈0.05）。腹腔镜组再次妊娠成功率为62.86%,开腹组为62.16%（P〉0.05）。两组患者术后并发症、输卵管通畅率、持续性异位妊娠等差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠安全有效,并发症少,具有诊断和治疗的双重功效,可作为异位妊娠的首选术式。