Parameters of oxidative stress and echocardiographic indexes in patients on dialysis therapy

Aim: Quantity of oxidative stress (OS) is enhanced in every stage of chronic renal failure (CRF). OS and its effects on echocardiographic indexes in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were evaluated. Materials and methods: Thirty-nine patients on CAPD, 32 patients on HD, and 30 healthy individuals with similar demographic features were included. Patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic inflammatory diseases were excluded. Blood samples were collected to examine hematological and biochemical parameters and levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) after a 12-hour fasting period in the middle of dialysis week. OS parameters were compared with ejection fraction (EF), interventricular septum diameter (IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall diameter (LVPWd), and left atrium diameter (LAd) determined in M-mod echocardiographic examination. Results: No significant difference was observed between MDA and GSH-px levels of patients and control group; however, SOD levels of patients group were significantly lower (p < 0.0001). SOD levels of patients on HD were lower than that of patients on CAPD (p = 0.039). Negative correlation was detected between MDA and EF (r = ?0.380, p = 0.001); SOD has negative correlation with systolic blood pressure (r = ?0.265, p = 0.011), diastolic blood pressure (r = ?0.230, p = 0.028), phosphorus (r = ?0.327, p = 0.001), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (r = ?0.259, p = 0.013), C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = ?0.235, p = 0.024), fibrinogen (r = ?0.342, p = 0.001), and total cholesterol (r = ?0.249, p = 0.017); and positive correlation with hemoglobin (r = 0.414, p < 0.001) and albumin (r = 0.367, p < 0.001). MDA was independently related with age (β = ?0.258, p = 0.035), male gender (β = ?0.312, p = 0.004), and EF (β = ?0.461, p < 0.001). No correlation was determined between antioxidants and cardiac indexes. Conclusion: SOD levels decreased significantly especially in patients on HD, and it was observed that lower levels of SOD would lead to OS in patients on HD and CAPD when compared to healthy individuals; MDA levels were independently influenced from EF.     

Effect of haemodiafiltration with online regeneration of ultrafiltrate on oxidative stress in dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Increased oxidative stress (OxSt) as well as inflammation are risk factors for cardiovascular events and determinant of cardiovascular disease which remains the most common cause of excess morbidity and mortality for end-stage renal disease ESRD patients. Haemodiafiltration with on-line regeneration of ultrafiltrate (HFR) has been shown to have a positive impact on markers of inflammation while its effect on OxSt is not known. METHODS: This study evaluates in haemodialysis patients the effect of HFR on the plasma level of oxidized LDL (OxLDL), a marker of OxSt, and mononuclear cell gene and protein expression of OxSt-related proteins such as p22phox (subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase), PAI-1 (induced by OxSt and atherothrombogenetic) and haeme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (induced by OxSt). Fourteen patients were randomized into two groups in a crossover design, treated for 6 month periods with HFR (SG8 Plus-Bellco, Mirandola, Italy) or low-flux bicarbonate dialysis (HD) using a polysulphone dialyser 1.8 m2. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study, after 6 months (crossover) and after 12 months. RESULTS: ANOVA analysis of the data performed to rule out any crossover effect in either sequence was not significant and thus data from both sequences were combined and then analysed further statistically. HFR reduced mRNA production and protein expression of p22phox and PAI-1 compared with HD (-9+/-5 vs 2+/-6 Delta%, P<0.0001 and -15+/-20 vs 3+/-17 Delta%, P<0.05 for p22phox; -19+/-6 vs -5+/-5 Delta%, P<0.0001 and -24+/-12 vs 9+/-15 Delta%, P<0.0001 for PAI-1). HO-1 was unchanged (-12+/-8 vs -10+/-8 Delta% and -21+/-12 vs -14+/-8 Delta%) while plasma OxLDL was reduced (-14+/-19 vs 1+/-14 Delta%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that HFR treatment, compared with standard dialysis, has a lower impact on OxSt. Given, the strong relationship between OxSt and inflammation and their impact on the long-term cardiovascular complications in end-stage renal disease patients, HFR might have a more beneficial impact in reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients.     

Oxidative stress markers and C-reactive protein in end-stage renal failure patients on dialysis

OBJECTIVE: The inflammatory status is a well-documented factor influencing the development of oxidative stress in dialysis patients. This study intends to evaluate the inflammatory activity and the plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation products in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), by comparison with hemodialysis (HD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Plasma concentration of TAC, lipid peroxidation products and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 24 patients on PD, 32 HD patients (pre and post treatment) and 16 normal controls (NC). RESULTS: All patients had higher levels of TAC and lipid peroxidation products than NC (p < 0.001). Patients on PD, had similar levels to patients before HD but significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those post HD. The CRP concentration was higher in HD than in PD patients (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with CRP > 10 mg/l was 48% in HD patients and 21% in PD patients. No correlation was observed between CRP and TAC nor CRP and MDA levels. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that although PD and HD patients show an equal susceptibility in oxidative stress, CRP levels are higher in HD patients and this is indicative of a higher degree of inflammatory activity in these patients.     

Cardiac surgery in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis

Objectives. Over the past decade, the number of patients on dialysis and with cardiovascular diseases has steadily increased. This retrospective analysis compares the postoperative mortality after cardiac surgery between patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Methods. Between 1998 and 2015, 136 patients with end-stage renal disease initiating dialysis more than one month before surgery underwent cardiac surgery. Demographics, preoperative hemodynamic and biochemical data were collected from the patient records. Vital status and date of death was retrieved from a national register. Results. Hemodialysis was undertaken in 73% and peritoneal dialysis in 22% of patients aged 59.7?±?12.9 years, mean EuroSCORE 8.6%?±?3.5. Isolated coronary artery bypass graft was performed in 46%, isolated valve procedure in 29% and combined procedures in 24% with no significant statistical difference between groups. The 30-day mortality was 14% for hemodialysis patients and 3% for peritoneal dialysis patients (p?=?.056). One-year and 5-year mortality were, 30% and 59% in the hemodialysis group, 30% and 57% in the peritoneal dialysis group (p?=?.975, p?=?.852). Independent predictors of total mortality were age (p?=?.001), diabetes (p =?.017) and active endocarditis (p?=?.012). Conclusion. No statistically significant difference in mortality was found between patients in hemo- or peritoneal dialysis. However, we observed that patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis have two times higher mortality rate than estimated by EuroSCORE.     

终末期肾脏病腹膜透析患者的心血管疾病

目的 了解终末期肾脏病（ESRD）腹膜透析患者的心血管疾病（CVD）发病率和有关高发危险因素,以及并发CVD的腹膜透析患者治疗时需关注的问题。 方法 研究对象为上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院慢性肾脏病（CKD）5期接受腹膜透析的患者,共254例入选,采用横断面回顾性调查分析方法。平均随访时间中位数为49个月。采集病史、血生化检测结果、腹膜透析充分性评估、颈动脉及心脏彩色多普勒超声检测结果。评估CVD事件的发生、发展和预后,以及进行相关因素分析。 结果 CVD事件发生率为37%（93/254）。发生CVD的患者多伴有糖尿病、透析龄较长、血三酰甘油水平较高、血清白蛋白较低、前白蛋白较低。彩色多普勒超声显示,发生CVD组的左房内径（LAD）（mm）、室间隔厚度（LVST）（mm）、左室心肌质量指数（LVMI）（g/m2）显著高于未发生CVD组（43.16±4.93比 38.02±4.77、11.19±2.05比10.01±1.45、中位数192.03比150.28,均P < 0.05）;颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）较厚（中位数0.80比0.65）,颈动脉内径增宽;收缩期峰值流速（SPV）和舒张期峰值流速（DV）流速降低。既往无CVD的患者在随访过程中发生CVD时,其Ccr、Kt/V、D/Pr、理想体质量校正的蛋白分解率（nPCR）及血清白蛋白水平与无发生CVD组差异有统计学意义（P = 0.045、0.015、0.051、0.029及0.005）。在随访过程中出现新发CVD或CVD病情恶化的原有CVD的患者,都是透析龄较长以及三酰甘油水平较高者。LAD、LVST、LVMI及IMT在新发CVD和未发CVD两组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.033、0.022、0.045及0.029）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,既往CVD史和CVD症状是生存的独立危险因素。血清白蛋白<330 g/L、LAD>39.6 mm及曾患腹膜炎的患者生存率较低。 结论 ESRD腹膜透析患者是CVD的高发群体,需了解这些患者的病史和伴随症状;保持透析的充分性;同时要防止腹膜炎的发生。     

Total and high molecular weight adiponectin concentrations in plasma of patients with end-stage renal disease before and after peritoneal dialysis

Background: Adiponectin is an antiatherogenic adipocyte‐derived proteins. The level of plasma adiponectin is inversely correlated to cardiovascular risk in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes of adiponectin concentrations in newly diagnosed ESRD patients after peritoneal dialysis. Methods: In 16 newly diagnosed ESRD patients, total concentrations of adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, the HMW ratio (HMWR; ratio of the plasma level of HMW adiponectin to that of total adiponectin), the body mass index (BMI), insulin concentrations, blood glucose and estimation of the insulin sensitivity index by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMR_IR) were compared before and after 1 year of peritoneal dialysis. Results: Plasma total adiponectin was decreased from 15.52 ± 9.35 μg/mL to 11.80 ± 6.84 μg/mL (P = 0.046), HMW adiponectin was decreased from 9.05 ± 6.48 μg/mL to 4.83 ± 4.15 μg/mL (P = 0.009), and HMWR was decreased from 0.51 ± 0.18 to 0.35 ± 0.20 (P = 0.008). Total and HMW adiponectin/BMI ratio was decreased. The BMI was increased from 25.2 ± 5.7 to 25.8 ± 6.2 (P = 0.036). The HOMR_IR, insulin level and lipid profile were not changed. Conclusion: Total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin and HMWR were decreased in newly diagnosed ESRD patients after 1 year of peritoneal dialysis. The factors that influence the decrease of the level of adiponectin should be studied in a larger prospective study.     

Changes of irisin in patients with end-stage renal disease before and after hemodialysis

Objective To observe the changes of irisin in patients before and after hemodialysis (HD), as well as the differentiation of irisin change in patients with diabetes mellitus and protein energy waste. Methods Clinical parameters of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Shanxi People's Hospital from September 2016 to November 2016 were collected. A total of 33 cases were enrolled——14 cases of diabetic MHD group and 19 cases of non-diabetic MHD group as divided according to etiology. Based on the presence of protein energy waste, patients were also grouped into 17 cases with and 16 cases without protein waste. Before and after HD, the non parametric test was used to compare the changes of irisin in each group. Results After HD, the irisin value of 33 patients with ERSD decreased, with the difference being statistically significant [0.666(0.218, 1.365) ng/L vs 0.977(0.202, 1.820) ng/L, P=0.01]. The difference was not statistically significant in the diabetes MHD group; statistically significant in the non diabetes group [0.666(0.178, 1.351) ng/L vs 0.913(0.100, 1.497) ng/L, P﹤0.05]; and not statistically significant in the protein energy group. The irisin of diabetic MHD group and non-diabetic MHD group were compared after HD: the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions After HD, plasma irisin levels were reduced in patients with end-stage renal disease. Diabetes and protein wasting effects are not important for irisin at HD.     

Involvement of oxidative stress in the accelerated formation of pentosidine in patients with end-stage renal failure

SUMMARY: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been found to accumulate in the amyloid deposits, skin and plasma of haemodialysis patients (HD), implicating the possible involvement of AGE-modified protein in pathogenesis in dialysis-related amyloidosis. Pentosidine, an AGE cross-link, is a specific marker for AGEs. Plasma pentosidine levels in HD patients were increased dramatically. In the present study, plasma pentosidine, fructoselysine, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels were measured to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in pentosidine formation in nondiabetic HD patients. Plasma pentosidine did not correlate with fructoselysine; plasma AOPP levels were significantly higher than those in normal subjects (201.45 ± 57.93 vs. 55.91 ± 6.57 μmol/L, P <0.001) and correlated positively with plasma pentosidine in HD patients ( r =0.52, P <0.005); plasma GSHPx levels were significantly lower than those in normal subjects (168.40 ± 65.08 vs. 348.87 ± 86.10 U/I, P <0.001) and correlated negatively with plasma pentosidine ( r =0.54, P <0.001) in HD patients. Decreased GSHPx levels may lead to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. These findings implicate the involvement of oxidative stress in the accelerated formation of pentosidine in uraemia and suggest that pentosidine could be considered as an oxidative stress biomarker to estimate the degree of oxidative-stress-mediated protein damage.     

Prognostic analysis of end-stage renal disease patients without diabetes mellitus receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Objective To compare the prognosis of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients without diabetes mellitus and identify related influencing factors. Methods Patients who started hemodialysis with an arteriovenous graft or fistula or PD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2013 to February 1, 2019 were included. They were followed up until May 1, 2019. The patients were divided into HD group and PD group according to the initial dialysis modality. Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain survival curves, the Cox regression model was used to evaluate influence factors for survival rates, and the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to eliminate influence of the confounders in the groups. Results There were 371 patients with maintenance dialysis enrolled in this study, including 113 cases (30.5%) in HD group and 258 cases (69.5%) in PD group. At baseline, the scores of standard mean difference (SMD) in age, body mass index (BMI), combined with cerebrovascular disease, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), blood potassium, plasma albumin and hemoglobin between the two groups were greater than 0.1. The score of SMD decreased after IPTW, and the most data were less than 0.1, which meant that the balance had been reached between the two groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the cumulative survival rates had no significant difference for all-cause death before using IPTW between the two groups (Log-rank χ2=0.094, P=0.759). After adjusting for confounders with IPTW, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the cumulative survival rates still had no significant difference for all-cause death between the two groups (Log-rank χ2=2.090, P=0.150). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference between HD and PD on survival rates in ESRD patients without diabetes mellitus for all-cause death (PD/HD, HR=1.171, 95%CI 0.426-3.223, P=0.760). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference between HD and PD on survival rates in ESRD patients without diabetes mellitus (PD/HD, HR=1.460, 95%CI 0.515-4.144, P=0.477), and high plasma albumin (HR=0.893, 95%CI 0.813-0.981, P=0.019) was an independent protective factor for survival in ESRD patients without diabetes mellitus. There was still no significant difference between HD and PD on survival rates in ESRD patients without diabetes mellitus after using IPTW (PD/HD, HR=1.842, 95%CI 0.514-6.604, P=0.348). Conclusion The difference of cumulative survival rates between HD and PD is not significant in ESRD patients without diabetes mellitus.     

Prognostic analysis of aged end-stage renal disease patients receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Objective To compare the survival rates of elderly hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and identify their independent prognostic predictors. Methods Patients aging ＞60 years old who initiated dialysis between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2014 were included. Propensity score method (PSM) was applied to adjust for selection bias. Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain survival curves and a Cox regression model was used to evaluate risk factors for mortality. Results 447 eligible patients with maintenance dialysis were identified, 236 with hemodialysis and 211 with peritoneal dialysis. 174 pairs of patients were matched, with the baseline data [age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the primary disease] between two groups showing no significant difference (P＞0.05). Cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events and infection were major causes of death in both groups and there was no significant difference in the causes of death between two groups (P＞0.05). The overall survival rates at 1 and 5 year were 93.6% and 63.4% respectively in HD group, 91.9% and 61.5% in PD group. The differences of total survival rates between HD and PD patients were not significant (P＞0.05). Cox regression analysis showed age(≥80 year) (P＜0.001, HR=1.058, 95%CI 1.028-1.088), diabetic nephropathy (P=0.001, HR=2.161, 95%CI 1.384-3.373), CCI≥5 (P=0.007, HR=1.935, 95%CI 1.201-3.117) were independent prognostic risk predictors in HD patients; age(≥80 year) (P=0.022, HR=1.043, 95%CI 1.006-1.081), serum albumin level ＜ 35 g/L (P=0.025, HR=1.776, 95%CI 1.075-2.934), and prealbumin (P=0.012, HR=0.968, 95%CI 0.944-0.993) were independent prognostic predictors in PD patients. Conclusions The differences of total survival rates between aged HD and PD patients are not significant. Age, diabetic nephropathy, CCI≥5 and age, serum albumin＜35 g/L, prealbumin＞30 g/L respectively influence the survival of elderly HD and PD patients.     

Caveolins in the repair phase of acute renal failure after oxidative stress

Ischaemia-reperfusion and toxic injury are leading causes of acute renal failure (ARF). Both of these injury initiators use secondary mediators of damage in oxygen-derived free radicals. Several recent publications about ischaemia-reperfusion and toxin-induced ARF have indicated that plasma membrane structures called caveolae, and their proteins, the caveolins, are potential participants in protecting or repairing renal tissues. Caveolae and caveolins have previously been ascribed many functions, a number of which may mediate cell death or survival of injured renal cells. This review proposes possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which altered caveolin-1 expression and localization may affect renal cell survival following oxidative stress.     

相位角与住院老年慢病患者肌少症的相关性分析

目的 探索生物电阻抗分析(BIA)来源的测量值相位角(PhA)对肌少症的诊断和预测价值。方法 收集2018年8月至2019年12月于北京大学人民医院老年科住院且年龄≥60岁的患者235例。将患者分肌少症组53例和非肌少症组182例,通过Logistic回归分析明确PhA与肌少症及其各组成部分的相关性。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析PhA对肌少症的预测价值,通过Jonckheere-Terpstra方法检验PhA随肌少症严重程度的趋势性变化。结果 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PhA与肌少症、低四肢骨骼肌质量指数(ASMI)、低握力、低步速、低五次坐站测试表现、低简易躯体能力测试试验(SPPB)均独立相关,且随PhA值降低,肌少症(OR=4.21, 95%CI=1.60～11.05,P=0.004)、低ASMI(OR=5.40, 95%CI=2.10～13.91,P<0.001)、低握力(OR=3.59, 95%CI=1.83～7.03,P<0.001)、低步速(OR=2.62, 95%CI=1.38～5.00,P=0.003)、低五次坐站测试表现(OR=3.33...     

Sequential change of asymmetric dimethylarginine levels after initiation of peritoneal dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease

Background: We hypothesized that the asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) metabolism in end‐stage renal disease may be linked to the rate of protein turnover and to the vast pool of amino acids. In order to determine a correlation between the plasma levels of ADMA and the protein catabolic rate, we measured the ADMA levels as well as nutritional markers such as the normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) in patients with newly initiated continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods: Twenty‐four patients were recruited for this study. All patients were on the standard CAPD protocol, and followed for at least 1 year. Blood samples were collected at baseline before the initiation of peritoneal dialysis, and every 6 months for 1 year. The blood parameters studied included the serum albumin, total cholesterol, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine and ADMA. Peritoneal equilibrium test and measurements of weekly Kt/Vurea and nPCR were performed within 4 weeks of the blood sampling. Results: The change of ADMA levels over 1 year was positively correlated with that of haemoglobin (r = 0.592, P = 0.002) and nPCR during the same period (r = 0.508, P = 0.026). Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that nPCR might influence the change of ADMA levels after initiation of CAPD.     

膀胱癌患者手术前后机体氧化应激改变及意义

目的探讨膀胱癌患者手术前后机体氧化应激变化及临床意义。方法 173例膀胱癌患者入选研究,其中移行上皮癌163例,腺癌5例,鳞癌4例,肉瘤1例;非肌层浸润性膀胱癌121例,肌层浸润性膀胱癌52例。分别检测手术前后患者血清VitC、VitE、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化活性（AOA）等。结果非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者血清VitC、VitE、SOD、GPx均明显低于肌层浸润性膀胱癌,P〈0.05,MDA含量高于肌层浸润性膀胱癌,P〈0.05。手术后患者血清VitC、VitE、SOD、GPx、AOA均明显高于手术前（P〈0.05）,但MDA含量明显低于手术前（P〈0.05）。结论膀胱癌患者机体氧化应激随其恶性程度升高而升高,手术治疗后机体氧化应激水平降低。     

Sleep disorders in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis therapy.

BACKGROUND: Many patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis therapy suffer from sleep disturbances. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders in a large population of uraemic patients recruited from 20 different dialytic centres in Triveneto. METHODS: 883 patients on maintenance dialysis were enrolled in the study. Demographic, lifestyle, renal and dialysis data were recorded. Renal parameters were compared with the database of the Veneto Dialysis Register. Using a self-administered questionnaire we assessed the presence of the following sleep disorders: insomnia, restless leg syndrome (RLS), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), possible narcolepsy, sleepwalking, nightmares and possible rapid eye movement behaviour disorders (RBD). Moreover, in order to determine the prevalence of sleep disturbances and the possible effect of demographic or clinical data on sleep, we divided our population into two groups: with (SLEEP+) and without (SLEEP-) sleep disorders. RESULTS: The questionnaire revealed the presence of insomnia (69.1%), RLS (18.4%), OSAS (23.6%), EDS (11.8%), possible narcolepsy (1.4%), sleepwalking (2.1%), nightmares (13.3%) and possible RBD (2.3%). Eighty percent demonstrated SLEEP+, having at least one sleep disorder. Independent risk factors for sleep disorders were advanced age (P<0.001), excessive alcohol intake (P<0.04), cigarette smoking (P<0.006), polyneuropathy (P<0.05) and dialysis shift in the morning (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire showed a high presence of sleep disruption in dialytic populations. Awareness by Italian nephrologists regarding sleep disruption seems to be insufficient. Our data might help nephrologists to deal with uraemic patients with possible sleep disorders. Concerning the high prevalence of possible narcolepsy, further studies using polysomnographic records are necessary to confirm our results.     

血液透析和腹膜透析患者生活质量比较

目的调查我院维持中心血液透析、腹膜透析治疗患者的生活质量，为临床合理选择治疗方案提供参考。方法对维持目前透析方式6个月以上的中心血液透析、腹膜透析患者，通过查阅病历资料、门诊随诊和问卷调查等方式，调查透析患者现阶段的生活质量（KDQOL～SF）。结果完成病例调查86例，其中血液透析36例，腹膜透析50例。两组患者在性别、年龄、文化程度、付费方式、收入、原发病、透析时间等背景上没有显著差异。腹膜透析组在总体健康、精神健康、情感职能、躯体疼痛以及肾病负担、社交质量、症状与不适、肾病影响、患者满意度等指标得分高于血液透析组。结论腹膜透析患者在生活质量的某些维度上优于血液透析患者，值得进一步推广。     

小剂量日间非卧床腹膜透析对残肾功能较好的糖尿病终末期肾病患者的疗效

目的　研究小剂量日间非卧床腹膜透析（DAPD）和小剂量持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）对残肾功能较好的糖尿病终末期肾病（ESRD）患者的疗效。 方法 病情稳定、残肾功能较好（rGFR≥5 ml/min,且尿量≥750 ml/d）的40例糖尿病ESRD患者入选。按数字随机法分为小剂量DAPD组20例和小剂量CAPD组20例。DAPD组透析处方为1.5 L或2 L,3次/d,每次留腹3～4 h,夜间干腹。CAPD组透析处方为1.5～2 Ｌ,3次/d,或1.5 L,4次/d,夜间留腹。在研究开始及6个月后,分别计算两组腹膜尿素氮清除率（Kt/V）、残肾Kt/V、每周总Ｋt/V、Ccr、rGFR等指标;测定24 h尿蛋白量、24 h腹透液蛋白、血清白蛋白、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及胰岛素剂量;用改良主观综合性营养评估法（SGA）评估患者营养状况。 结果 共35例患者完成研究。两组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、透析龄、透析液肌酐/血肌酐（D/Pcr）等基线值差异无统计学意义。6个月后,CAPD组胰岛素剂量和24 h腹透液丢失蛋白明显高于DAPD组,分别为（33.6±10.9） U/d 比（20.6±6.2） U/d（P < 0.05）和（11.13±4.95） g比（5.66±2.88） g（P < 0.01）,而血清白蛋白明显低于DAPD组[（29.7±4.2） 比（36.5±3.9） g/L,P < 0.05]。DAPD组与CAPD组相比,24 h净超滤量为（554±187） ml比（309±177） ml,24 h尿量为（1090±361） ml比（750±258） ml,rGFR为（8.21±2.40） ml/min比（4.88±2.11） ml/min,DAPD组均显著高于CAPD组（均P < 0.05）。 结论 对于残肾功能较好的糖尿病ESRD患者,小剂量DAPD较小剂量CAPD能更好地控制血糖,改善营养状态及保护残肾功能。     

Effects of oral vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation status in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence for the presence of oxidative stress and vitamin C deficiency in dialysis patients. Limited data, however, are available regarding the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in such patients. METHODS: We ran a prospective, randomized, open-label trial to assess the effects of oral vitamin C supplementation (250 mg three times per week) for 2 months on well-defined oxidative and inflammatory markers in 33 chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients. RESULTS: Normalization of plasma total vitamin C and ascorbate levels by oral vitamin C supplementation did not modify plasma levels of carbonyls, C-reactive protein and albumin, or erythrocyte concentrations of reduced and oxidized glutathione. CONCLUSION: Short-term oral vitamin C supplementation did not modify well-defined oxidative/antioxidative stress and inflammation markers in HD patients. Whether a higher oral dose or the intravenous route can modify these markers remains to be determined.     

慢性肾衰患者褪黑素水平、氧化应激、炎症水平与骨密度相关性研究

目的研究慢性肾功能衰竭维持性血液透析(MHD)中褪黑素(MT)水平、氧化应激和炎症状态与骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法选择我院收治的94例慢性肾功能衰竭患者,于2016年5月至2019年2月接受MHD治疗3个月以上;按照BMD分为骨质疏松组(观察组,n=49)和非骨质疏松组(对照组,n=45)。通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者血清高级氧化蛋白产物(AOPP),MT水平和炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和IL-1](ELISA)。此外,通过硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)测定法检测血清中的丙二醛(MDA)水平,并检测腰椎BMD,然后进行相关性分析。结果观察组MT水平显着低于对照组,但AOPP和MDA水平显着高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组炎症因子(TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1)水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,观察组腰椎BMD和T值明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示AOPP、MDA、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1水平与BMD呈负相关,但MT与BMD呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论MHD患者容易发生骨质疏松症;氧化应激和炎症程度与BMD呈负相关,但MT与BMD呈正相关。