喉外侵犯对声门上型喉癌部分喉切除术的影响

本文回顾分析了中国医学科学院肿瘤医院１９７９年至１９９０年１６８例声门上型喉癌行部分喉切除术患者的临床资料，研究了喉外侵犯对声门上型喉癌水平部分喉切除术的影响，发现舌根受侵切除部分舌根使水平部分喉切除术的拔管率由９２．１０％降为５８．８２％，梨状窝受侵者切除部分梨状窝使３／４部分喉切除术的拔管率由６７．３９％降为３３．３３％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。梨状窝内壁受侵组的生存率低于舌根受侵组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

喉部分切除喉功能重建术

目的探讨喉部分切除术治疗声门型、声门上型喉癌的疗效和功能恢复。方法对我院1992年7月--2003年8月间喉癌行喉部分切除喉功能重建术的32例（占同期喉癌手术59．2％）临床资料进行总结和随访。其中声门型喉癌23例，声门上型喉癌9例；行喉裂开声带切除术室带下移修复术5例，垂直喉部分切除带状肌修复14例。垂直喉部分切除会厌修复3例，扩大垂直喉部分切除环舌根会厌吻合术1例，声门上水平部分喉切除术7例，扩大声门上水平部分喉切除术舌根修复2例。结果1、3、5年生存率分别为96．9％（31／32）、87．0％（20／23）、72．2（13118）。总拔管率为90．6（29／32）。全部病例恢复经口进食，一经拔管均能发音。术后复发率为12．5％。结论喉部分切除术不仅是喉癌根治的有效术式，而且同时可以较好地保留喉的生理功能，提高患者术后的生活质量。     

声门上水平喉部分切除术应用55例

目的　评价声门上水平部分喉切除术的手术方法及远期疗效。方法　我科 1 986～1 995年采用声门上水平部分喉切除治疗喉癌声门上型 5 5例 ,男 32例 ,女 2 3例。平均年龄 5 6岁。Ⅰ期 1 1例 ,Ⅱ期 2 6例 ,Ⅲ期 1 1例 ,Ⅳ期 7例。对声门上水平部分喉切除加以改进。用两侧梨状窝内侧壁粘膜缝合 ,封闭甲状软骨断面的后 1 / 3,用甲状软骨外骨膜同喉室底壁粘膜缝合 ,封闭甲状软骨断面的前 2 / 3。切除舌骨 ,将保留的甲状软骨同舌根缝合 ,使舌根起到会厌的作用。结果　 3年生存率为 85 % (47/ 5 5 ) ;5年生存率为 77% (37/ 48)。喉功能恢复情况 :拔管率为 96 % ,吞咽功能在 8～ 30d恢复 ,无呛咳。发音功能良好。常见并发症 :舌根及前联合处有肉芽及息肉生长 (4例 )。结论　该术式能彻底切除肿瘤 ,并完全保留喉的生理功能 ,是喉癌外科治疗中理想的部分喉切除术。     

环状软骨上部分喉切除治疗甲状软骨受侵的喉癌

目的探讨喉环状软骨上部分切除术（supracricold partial laryngectomy,SCPL）治疗甲状软骨受侵的局部晚期喉癌的操作方法和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科1996～2006年3月10年间采用SCPL治疗的甲状软骨受侵的喉鳞状细胞癌（简称喉癌）20例,其中声门上型9例,声门型10例,声门下型1例,术中整块切除喉内病变、大部分甲状软骨与受侵的喉前组织,残喉上下拉拢缝合。总结术后病理结果,随访喉功能保留及生存情况。结果17例患者术后成功拔除胃管和气管套管,拔管率85％,全组病例局部复发3例,死亡3例,Kaplan—Meier法估计3年生存率84．7％,局部控制率85％。T3（12例）和T4（8例）病变2组生存率无统计学差异（P=0.415）。结论部分甲状软骨受侵的局部晚期喉癌仍可通过部分喉切除保留喉功能,环状软骨上部分喉切除为一种简便有效的术式。     

喉癌病人喉部分切除术的远期疗效分析

目的 :通过对不同类型喉切除术的临床资料进行分析 ,对喉部分切除术与喉全切除术的远期疗效加以比较。方法 :总结了我们近年收治的手术治疗喉癌患者中的 195例 ,根据原发肿瘤的部位和侵及范围 ,对上述 195例患者采取不同方法共施行喉裂开肿瘤切除术 14例 ;声门上水平喉切除 78例 ,其中包括声门上扩大水平喉切除术 2 4例 ;垂直部分喉切除 2 4例 ,其中包括额侧喉部分切除 4例。喉次全切除 31例 ,包括水平垂直喉切除 2 8例 ,环状软骨舌骨会厌固定术 3例 ,喉全切除术 4 8例。上述病例均经 3～ 5年随访。结果 :喉全切除术患者术后 5年整体生存为 79.2 % ,部分喉切除者 5年整体生存为 83.7% ,两组间比较无明显差异。术后癌转移和复发是主要的致死原因。颈淋巴结转移对声门上型喉癌的5年生存率有明显影响。通过施行喉部分切除术 ,所有患者的喉呼吸及发声功能都得到了不同程度的保留。结论 :对喉部分切除术的分类及术式选择实行标准化 ,在彻底切除肿瘤的同时尽可能保全喉功能 ,对提高喉癌手术的治疗效果和患者的生存质量均具有重要意义。     

喉声门上水平部分切除术163例

目的探讨喉声门上水平部分切除术的临床应用价值。方法回顾自1978至1998年施行喉声门上水平部分切除术163例的临床资料。按UICC2002年标准分期：I期5例，Ⅱ期95例，Ⅲ期48例，Ⅳ期15例。对喉声门上水平部分切除术进行～些改进：常规切除舌骨；用甲状软骨外骨膜内翻与喉室切缘缝合；减少梨状窝内壁黏膜游离范围；甲状软骨与舌根肌肉吻合时由舌根黏膜下进针并尽量多带一些肌肉，使其与甲状软骨板断缘紧密对合。结果Kaplan-Meier法分别统计I～Ⅳ期全部患者的5年生存率分别为：I期100．0％；Ⅱ期77．9％；Ⅲ期为54．2％；Ⅳ期为33．3％。不同临床分期患者组间生存率比较，差异有统计学意义（P=0．0006）。临床检查颈淋巴结未见转移（cN0）和有转移（cN＋）患者术后5年生存率分别为：73．1％和45．5％，两者比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．0132）。吞咽功能全恢复。发音功能良好。拔管率为91．4％（149／163）。颈部隐匿性转移率为23．1％（30／130），cN1-3颈转移率为75．8％（25／33），总转移率为33．7％（55／163）。随诊发现致死原因主要为颈淋巴转移，占40．0％（20／50）。喉部复发致死占18．0％（9／50）。结论改进后的喉声门上水平部分切除术为部分声门上喉癌外科治疗的较为理想术式。建议声门上癌cN0患者行择区性颈侧清扫术。     

声门上水平喉部分切除术应用55例

目的 评价声门上水平部分喉切除术的手术方法及远期疗效。方法 我科１９８６～１９９５年采用声门上水平部分喉切除治疗喉癌声门上型５５型,男３２例,女２３例,平均年龄５６岁,Ｉ期１１例,ＩＩ期２６例,Ⅲ期１１例,Ⅳ期７例。对声门上水平部分喉切除加以改进。用两侧梨状窝内侧壁粘膜缝合,封闭甲状软骨断面的后１／３,用甲状软骨外骨膜同喉室底壁粘膜缝合,封闭甲状软骨断面的前２／３,切除舌骨,将保留的甲状软骨同舌根     

声门型喉癌垂直部分喉切除、重建方法与效果评价

本文就声门型喉癌１０２例施行垂直部分喉切除的适应症选择、重建方法、术后喉功能恢复及生存率分析。本组拔管率９８．０％（１００／１０２），有良好的发音功能、吞咽功能。３、５、１０年生存率分别为９０．２％、８５．６％、６９．８％。其生存率不亚于全喉切除术。证实垂直部分喉切除术是根治声门型喉癌Ｔ２、Ｔ３期的合理有效的术式。     

喉癌喉部分切除术的扩展：Ⅱ．声门型喉癌──扩大喉垂直部分切除术

声门型喉癌Ｔ３病变的常规治疗为喉全切除术，使病人丧失语言功能。本文报道５０例喉癌声门型Ｔ３病变，用扩大垂直喉部分切除术来治疗，修复主要用舌骨肌瓣。３、５年生存率为７６．７％、７３．０％。除管率８７．２％，语音近乎正常者８７．５％。全部恢复经口进食。喉癌声门型Ｔ３病例，对侧声带及构状软骨完好者应考虑喉扩大垂直部分切除术，即常规喉垂直部分切除加构状软骨切除，必要时环状软骨部分切除，以扩大喉后下切缘，用以根治肿瘤，保存喉功能。     

喉部分切除术81例的疗效分析

目的探讨喉部分切除术的疗效及修复方法。方法回顾分析1980至1999年施行喉部分切除术81例的临床资料,其中声门上型喉癌22例、声门型喉癌59例。结果声门上型喉癌3、5年生存率分别为66.7%、63.2%,声门型喉癌3、5年生存率分别为87.2%、80.5%。拔管率声门上型喉癌为77.2%(17/22),声门型喉癌为93.2%(55/59)。结论喉部分切除术能保留大部分患者喉的呼吸及发声功能,是根治喉癌的有效术式。     

梨状窝粘膜修复喉部分切除术后的粘膜缺损

目的 :探讨应用梨状窝粘膜修复喉部分切除术后粘膜缺损及恢复喉功能的效果。方法 :对 198例患者施行此术式 ,其中喉水平部分切除术 87例、喉垂直部分或扩大喉垂直部分切除术 6 5例、喉水平加垂直部分切除术 4 6例。同时进行随访观察。结果 :喉水平部分切除术者拔管率为 10 0 % ;术后发音、呼吸、吞咽功能恢复好 ;5年生存率为 84 .7%。喉垂直部分或扩大喉垂直部分切除术拔管率为 87.7% ;5年生存率 86 .2 % ;术后吞咽、呼吸功能恢复好 ,但有声音嘶哑。喉水平加垂直部分切除术后初期进食呛咳较重 ,训练适应时间较长 ,拔管率为82 .6 % ;5年生存率为 78.3% ;术后声音嘶哑 ,部分患者喉狭窄导致拔管困难。结论 :本方法操作简单 ,取材方便 ,手术时间较短 ,成活率高 ,术后喉功能保留好 ,患者的 5年生存率高。     

Results of conservation surgery for cancers of the supraglottis and pyriform sinus

A retrospective review of patients treated by surgery and/or radiation for carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx and the pyriform sinus was accomplished for the period 1964-1974. This patient population reflects the 10-year period following earlier experience with conservation surgery at this institution, and, thus, updates the current status of treatment for these cancers. Endpoints examined included survival, control, pattern of failure, the influence of nodal metastasis, and voice preservation. Of 160 patients treated for supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma, 119 received conservation surgery (subtotal supraglottic laryngectomy, SSL, or partial laryngopharyngectomy, PLP); 21 patients received total laryngectomy; and 20 others received palliative radiation. The 3-year actuarial survivals for these groups were 67%, 43% and 30%, respectively. Voice was preserved in 85% of the patients treated by conservation surgery, in 70% of those treated by radiation alone, and, of course, in none of the patients receiving total laryngectomy. There were 175 patients treated for carcinoma of the pyriform sinus; 85 received PLP; 57, total laryngopharyngectomy (TLP); and 33, palliative radiation. Actuarial 3-year survival was 59% for the PLP-treated group, 36% for the TLP-treated group and 11% for the palliation group. Voice was preserved in 52% of the patients treated by conservation surgery, in 6% of those treated by radiation alone, and in none of those patients treated by total laryngectomy. Comparison of this data with that in other published reports indicates that, for selected patients, conservation surgery is as effective in controlling disease as is radical surgery. Furthermore, it is possible to preserve speaking ability in a significant number of patients having carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx or pyriform sinus.     

Near-total laryngectomy in advanced cancers of the larynx and pyriform sinus: a comparative study of morbidity and functional and oncological outcomes.

This prospective study, performed from 1991 to 1996, analyzes the differences in oncological safety, functional utility, and surgical morbidity in 14 advanced lesions of the larynx (10 T3 and 4 T4; 7 N+) and 40 pyriform sinus lesions (1 T2, 20T3, and 19 T4; 29 N+) subjected to Pearson near-total laryngectomy. The laryngeal cancer patients healed much faster, with a minimal wound complication rate of 28%, in comparison to the 68% rate encountered in the pyriform sinus cases (p < .05). The 3-year disease-free survival rate for the laryngeal cancers was 74%, while the 5-year survival rates for pyriform sinus cases were 66% for medial wall lesions and 54% for lateral wall lesions. Lung-powered shunt speech deemed qualitatively superior by acoustic analysis was obtained in 81% of the individuals (93% in laryngeal cases and 76% in pyriform sinus cases). Aspiration-free deglutition was achieved by 90% over periods ranging from 15 to 30 days. This study conclusively attests to the therapeutic efficacy of near-total laryngectomy for advanced lesions of the larynx and pyriform sinus that are unsuitable for radiotherapy, that are deemed too large or risky (because of aspiration) for partial laryngectomy, and that in the past would have merited total laryngectomy.     

梨状窝内侧壁癌切除与喉功能保留

目的 探讨梨状窝内侧壁癌切除喉功能保留犬的技术方法和临床疗效。方法 回顾分析手术治疗的梨状窝内侧壁癌71例。其中49例行喉功能保留术;22例未保存喉功能。喉功能保留手术方法：①切除范围：声带活动正常者行患侧水平上半喉＋梨状窝内侧壁切除;声带活动受限者行同侧水平半喉＋声门旁间隙＋梨状窝内侧壁切除;声带固定者行患侧垂直半喉＋梨状窝内侧壁和部分梨状窝外侧壁切除,梨状窝尖受累者切除范围扩大到环状软骨环和颈段食管;②修复:喉修复对利用会厌、甲状软骨膜、带状肌肌筋膜、颈前皮瓣修复喉缺损;梨状窝修复对缺损范围小者用下咽粘膜瓣或残缘粘膜后直接讨合,对缺损范围大者用胸大肌肌皮瓣转移及胸三角皮瓣修复;③颈淋巴结处理：71例中65例（91．5％）行颈清扫术,其中同侧颈清扫术39例,双侧颈清扫术26例;④术后全部病例予以辅助放射性治疗,剂量60－75Gy。结果 寿命表法统计3年、5年生存率：喉功能保留组分别为63．4％和49．6％;喉功能不保留组分别为52．4％和42．4％。喉功能保留组喉功能全部恢复者占71．4％（35／49）,部分恢复者占28．6％（14／49）。结论 梨状窝内侧壁癌易侵入喉部,但多数病例在彻底切除肿瘤病灶的前提下保留喉功能是可行的。     

Extended supraglottic laryngectomy. Review of 84 cases

Extended supraglottic laryngectomy is a surgical procedure by which the boundaries of standard supraglottic laryngectomy are extended to include the base of the tongue and/or pyriform sinus and/or one of the arytenoids, according to the extent of epilaryngeal or extralaryngeal invasion by vestibular cancer. We report the results of 84 extended supraglottic laryngectomies performed by our group from 1970 to 1980. Besides the highly favorable 5-year cure rate (75%), full functional rehabilitation followed in all but three patients, who were therefore submitted to secondary total laryngectomy. Rehabilitation time is often somewhat longer than in standard supraglottic laryngectomy, especially when an ample resection of the base of the tongue is required. Combined resection of the base of the tongue, aryepiglottic fold, and one of the arytenoids may further lengthen the rehabilitation period. We believe that extended supraglottic laryngectomy should be performed more often, not only for actual invasion, but also for suspected invasion of extralaryngeal structures.     

Complications of supraglottic laryngectomy for carcinomas of the supraglottis and the base of the tongue

The medical records of patients with either a supraglottic carcinoma (n = 193) or a base of tongue carcinoma (n = 56) who underwent a supraglottic laryngectomy were studied. Because of aspiration total laryngectomy was required in 9.8% and 21.4% of patients with supraglottic and base of tongue carcinomas, respectively, being related to locally advanced stage of disease in the base of tongue and to an age older than 65 years in the case of supraglottic carcinomas. The non-decannulation rates were 23.8% and 50% in supraglottic and base of tongue tumours respectively. Post-operative radiotherapy did not influence the decannulation rate. but advanced local disease and age did. Post-operative mortality in the first month after the operation was 2.6% in supraglottic tumours and 3.6% in base of tongue tumours.     

全喉切除术后早期经口进食的临床观察

目的 :对喉癌、梨状窝癌行全喉切除术后早期经口进食进行可行性研究。方法 :42例行全喉切除术的患者 (其中喉癌 34例 ,梨状窝癌 8例 )随机分为两组 :观察组 2 1例 ,术后 48～ 72h经口进食 ;对照组 2 1例 ,按常规 10～ 12d经口进食。结果 :观察组咽瘘发生率为 4.8%(1/ 2 1) ,对照组为 9.5 %(2 / 2 1) ,两者差异无显著性意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ;观察组术后平均住院天数较对照组明显缩短。结论 :术前未行放疗的喉癌、梨状窝癌患者行全喉切除术后 48～ 72h经口进食是安全可行的。     

Analysis of multicentricity in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma treated with partial laryngeal surgery

A clinicopathological analysis of multicentricity in patients treated with either supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy or supracricoid partial laryngectomy for supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx was conducted. This study included 63 patients who underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy or supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy for T2 or T3 supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included patients with one focus of the tumor (monocentric), and Group 2 included patients who had more than one focus of the tumor (multicentric) diagnosed after pathology examination. Forty-eight (76.2 %) of the patients had one focus of the tumor (Group 1) and 15 (23.8 %) of the patients had more than one focus of the tumor (Group 2). The rates of lymph node metastasis in Group 1 and Group 2 were 12.5 and 60 %, respectively. The second focus was invasive in seven (46.6 %) of the patients, carcinoma in situ in six (40 %) of the patients, and both invasive and carcinoma in situ in two (13.3 %) patients. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates of Groups 1 and 2 were 77.1–66.7 % and 56.2–46.7 %, respectively. With regard to survival rates, no statistically significant difference was observed between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0.576). The lack of statistical significance might have been associated with the low sample size. Although multicentric tumors of the supraglottic larynx have high incidence of nodal metastasis, no significant increase in the rate of recurrence was determined.     

The use of pyriform sinus mucosa for reconstruction after vertical partial laryngectomy.

This prospective study included 30 patients with glottic carcinoma of the larynx who were treated primarily by vertical partial laryngectomy. The pyriform sinus mucosa was used to reconstruct the new laryngeal wall and to form a pseudo-vocal fold at the side of resection. Our results showed that 90 per cent of patients were decannulated, 80 per cent were able to eat a normal diet, 70 per cent developed excellent voice quality after surgery and a 97 per cent three-year survival was achieved. The pyriform sinus mucosa proved to be a reliable material for reconstruction after vertical partial laryngectomy.