颈椎创伤的影像学分型

颈椎创伤有多种类型 ,其不同表现取决于外伤时的受力方向、强度以及头、颈、躯干所处的位置和状态。临床在伤后的不同时期出现不同程度的脊髓压迫症状。本文将常见的颈部损伤的几种影像学表现分述如下。环椎关节压迫性骨折脱位环椎关节在损伤时Ｘ线表现较为特殊 ,源于其特殊的解剖特点 :①环椎无椎体和棘突 ,由前弓后弓及两侧侧块组成 ,实际是一个骨环 ;②侧块上方与枕骨髁突形成关节 ,下面与枢椎形成关节 ;③前弓与齿突形成关节 ,齿突为环椎关节旋转活动的枢轴 ;④环椎后弓与齿突间有脊髓通过 ,在环椎骨环内齿突、脊髓、及周围间隙各约占1/…     

急性脊柱创伤的影像学分析

目的 :探讨各种影像检查对急性脊柱创伤的诊断价值及限度。方法 :回顾性分析 2 5 2例急性脊柱创伤病例 ,均在伤后 48h内行X线平片、CT及MRI检查。结果 :共检出椎体骨折 2 78例 ,X线平片、CT及MRI检出率相同 ,三者对附件骨折的检出率分别为 9.1%、2 3 .4%、14 .3 %,差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。 15 2例MRI直接显示脊髓损伤。结论 :在急性脊柱创伤的影像诊断中 ,X线平片可作初检手段 ,CT对骨折检出率最高 ,MRI对脊髓损伤诊断最佳 ,三者结合可提高诊断水平。     

胸部创伤机制及影像学诊断

胸部结构复杂，器官多样，创伤可引起不同组织器官复杂的病理改变。CT是反应创伤后病理变化的主要手段，其中一些影像学表现较有特征。主要综述除胸部大血管损伤外的胸部闭合性创伤的x线、CT、MRI表现，包括胸廓骨性损伤，肺部气道损伤，肺实质的损伤，纵隔气肿和气胸，心、膈和食管等损伤的影像学表现，并结合损伤机制进行综述。     

骨关节创伤影像学检查的正确应用

创伤是多发病、常见病之一 ,轻者无须特殊治疗 ,重者可造成残疾 ,甚至丧失生命。随着我国热器伤时代的到来 ,车祸、工程伤、烧伤患者的增多 ,我们应重视这一领域的诊断问题。影像学诊断的目的是发现损伤 ,显示骨创伤的部位、范围和类型 ,为临床制定正确的治疗方案、估计患者的预后情况提供可靠的影像学资料 ,使患者能得到及时的、正确的治疗 ,功能得到最大的恢复 ,减少残疾和后遗症的发生。一个值得注意的问题是放射科医生重视骨病而轻视创伤 ,重视ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ的检查 ,轻视最基本的Ｘ线平片检查 ;在实际工作中出现了ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查的目的…     

影像学评估在耳蜗植入术中的价值

目的：评价影像学检查在耳蜗植入术中的价值。方法：37例感音性神经性聋患者术前常规行颞骨HRCT及MRI检查，术后行改良斯氏位X线拍片，其中5例术后行CT复查。结果：CT显示2例Mondini畸形（4耳），2例前庭导水管扩张（4耳），1例迷路骨化（1耳），1例内听道狭窄（2耳）。MRI显示Mondini畸形3例（6耳），前庭导水管扩张2例（4耳），1例并内淋巴囊扩张（2耳），2例迷路纤维化（2耳）。术后改良斯氏位X线拍片显示植入电极形态、位置良好。CT显示1例电极滑脱。结论：CT及MRI对耳蜗植入术术前评估具有重要价值，改良斯氏位X线拍片结合CT对术后评估更有意义。     

创伤超声重点评估在胸腹部创伤急救中的应用

从20世纪70年代超声应用于腹部创伤诊断开始,超声检查在创伤急救领域得到不断应用和发展,并在此基础上提出了创伤超声重点评估(focused assessment with sonography for trauma,FAST)的概念。本文主要综述近年来关于FAST在胸腹部创伤评估方面的应用现状,以促进FAST在我国的应用普及与发展。     

肝癌射频消融术后的影像学评估

射频消融已公认为治疗肝癌的有效方法。近年来,随着影像学的发展,肝癌射频消融术后的影像学表现在其疗效评估中起着关键作用。正确认识肝癌射频消融术后各种不同影像学表现的意义,并利用多种成像技术对其进行监测,对及时并准确发现残留或复发病灶,做出有效而合理的诊治,提高病人生存率尤为重要。就肝癌射频消融术后影像学的疗效评估进行综述。     

肝癌射频消融术后的影像学评估

射频消融已公认为治疗肝癌的有效方法.近年来,随着影像学的发展,肝癌射频消融术后的影像学表现在其疗效评估中起着关键作用.正确认识肝癌射频消融术后各种不同影像学表现的意义,并利用多种成像技术对其进行监测,对及时并准确发现残留或复发病灶,做出有效而合理的诊治,提高病人生存率尤为重要.就肝癌射频消融术后影像学的疗效评估进行综述.     

创伤救治中的医源性辐射损伤

放射学检查在创伤救治中具有重要价值,能够快速准确地评估病情和指导临床决策,进而改善救治效果,但检查过程暴露的电离辐射会增加患者肿瘤发生的风险。研究显示目前医务人员对于医源性辐射损伤的认识并不充分,创伤救治中有过度使用放射学检查的趋势。临床医师、放射科医师、设备研发与制造人员、受检者及政府卫生监管部门应共同承担责任,积极采取有效措施,发挥放射学检查作用的同时,力争把伤员辐射暴露降到最低。     

Whole-body computed tomography in polytrauma: techniques and management

An interdisciplinary team should be involved in the diagnosis and management of severely injured patients. The adoption of criteria for starting treatment for multiple trauma avoids underestimation of seriousness of injury. These criteria are established by the circumstances of the accident, the patterns of trauma, and the vital findings. Basic diagnosis comprises a limited number of plain films in the trauma room, including supine chest, lateral cervical spine, and pelvis, and ultrasound of abdomen, pleura, and pericardium. Organ diagnosis using CT is complementary and depends on the clinical findings and findings from the basic investigations. We recommend spiral CT (skull base 2/2/4 mm, cerebrum 8/8/8 mm native) and after intravenous contrast medium thoracic (5/7.5/5 mm) and abdominal CT (8/12/8 mm). Image reconstruction of bony structures can be added. The CT and the trauma center should be in close proximity; time-consuming transfers must be avoided. If this is not possible, a CT can be integrated in the trauma room. Our hospital trauma registry contains over 2200 entries. A quality committee has been established and external quality control is implemented.     

Artificial Intelligence and the Trainee Experience in Radiology

The hype around artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology continues unabated, despite the fact that the exact role AI will play in future radiology practice remains undefined. Nevertheless, education of the radiologists of the future is ongoing and needs to account for the uncertainty of this new technology. Radiology residency training has evolved even before the recent advent of imaging AI. Yet radiology residents and fellows will likely one day experience the benefits of an AI-enabled clinical training. This will offer them a customized learning experience and the ability to analyze large quantities of data about their progress in residency, with substantially less manual effort than is currently required. Additionally, they will need to learn how to interact with AI tools in clinical practice and, more importantly, understand how to evaluate AI outputs in a critical fashion as yet another piece of information contributing to the interpretation of an imaging examination. Although the exact role AI will play in the future practice of radiology remains undefined, it will surely be integrated into the education of future radiologists.     

Pediatric thoracic trauma: imaging considerations

Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of the pediatric thorax following blunt and penetrating trauma. This essay reviews important differences between children and adults with respect to the pattern of thoracic injury. Additionally, the role of various imaging modalities in the assessment is discussed. Finally, the spectrum of pediatric thoracic injury is provided. Electronic Publication     

Novel method of using angioembolization for treating testicular hemorrhage after blunt trauma

Testicular or scrotal trauma is a rare form of trauma in the United States. Blunt trauma to the testicle can lead to testicular tunica albuginea rupture, testicle contusion, testicle hematoma, testicle torsion and epididymal injury. We report a case of a 48-year-old male patient who presented with right sided scrotal swelling and pain from a motorcycle collision. This turned out to be from a testicular rupture and resulting in a hematoma. The patient''s active bleeding from the right testicular artery was controlled by arterial embolization. Most reported cases of testicular artery bleeds are due to iatrogenic hemorrhage or non-traumatic injuries. Here, we report a rare case of testicular artery bleed due to a blunt trauma from a motorcycle collision. In conclusion, the testicular artery bleed was controlled successfully via testicular arterial embolization, making it a potential option for non-operative management for stable hemorrhage of the testicular artery.