缺血、缺氧对小鼠海马DNA甲基化的影响

目的建立缺血、缺氧脑片模型,探讨缺血、缺氧对小鼠海马的损伤及其机制。方法利用C57BL/6J小鼠建立海马脑片缺血、缺氧性脑损伤(HIBD)模型,采用免疫组织化学染色法和Western blotting法分析正常对照组海马脑片与HIBD实验组海马脑片炎症损伤、DNA甲基化相关酶的表达情况。结果 HIBD实验组海马脑片氧化应激、炎症损伤细胞明显多于对照组(P0.01),诱发海马应激损伤;同时HIBD实验组海马脑片DNA甲基化水平高于对照组(P0.01)。结论脑片缺血、缺氧可促发炎症反应对海马组织造成损伤,DNA甲基化水平升高,提示DNA甲基化可能参与缺血、缺氧组织损伤过程;机制可能是HIBD影响DNA代谢活动,诱导DNA甲基化水平升高,DNA甲基化调控相关基因表达产生氧化应激,促发炎症反应,对海马造成损伤。     

脑缺血／再灌注后大鼠海马GABA,AchE水平和迟发性神经元损害…

为探讨海马ＧＡＢＡ，ＡｃｈＥ和迟发性神经元损害的关系，观察了脑缺血／再灌注后大鼠海马亚区ＧＡＢＡ含量，ＡｃｈＥ活性和海马组组织病理改变。发现再灌注５ｍｉｎ，海马亚区ＧＡＢＡ含量显著升高，再灌注１ｈ和６－１２ｈ，ＧＡＢＡ含量明显降低，ＣＡ１区更明显。再灌注５ｍｉｎ至１ｈ，海马亚区ＡｃｈＥ活性明显长高。再注４８ｈ后，光镜下见海马ＣＡ１区神经元出现缺血性改变，提示：（１）再灌注后，ＧＡＢＡ含量减少，海马     

全脑缺血-再灌注降低成年大鼠海马CA1区抑制性突触功能

目的观察全脑缺血-再灌注对成年大鼠海马CA1区抑制性突触功能的影响。方法成年雄性大鼠,随机分为:1)假手术组(SH)、2)缺血-再灌注3 d组(IR-3)、3)缺血-再灌注7 d组(IR-7)。用四动脉阻断法制作全脑缺血模型,使用全细胞电压钳技术记录海马脑片CA1区锥体细胞诱发的抑制性突触后电流(eIPSCs)。结果与SH组相比:低刺激强度时,IR-3及IR-7组eIPSCs的幅值明显降低(P<0.05);IR-7组eIPSCs的上升时间明显变短(P<0.05);IR-3组eIPSCs的配对抑制明显变大(P<0.05)。结论全脑缺血-再灌注降低了大鼠海马CA1区抑制性突触功能。     

脑缺血／再灌注后大鼠海马GABA、AchE水平和迟发性神经元损害关系的研究

为探讨海马ＧＡＢＡ、ＡｃｈＥ和迟发性神经元损害（ｄｅｌａｙｅｄｎｅｕｒｏｎａｌｄａｍａｇｅ，ＤＮＤ）的关系，观察了脑缺血／再灌注后大鼠海马亚区ＧＡＢＡ含量、ＡｃｈＥ活性和海马组织病理改变。发现再灌注５ｍｉｎ，海马亚区ＧＡＢＡ含量显著升高，再灌注１ｈ和６～１２ｈ，ＧＡＢＡ含量明显降低，ＣＡ＿１区更明显。再灌注５ｍｉｎ至１ｈ，海马亚区ＡｃｈＥ活性明显升高。再灌注４８ｈ后，光镜下见海马ＣＡ＿１区神经元出现缺血性改变，提示：（１）再灌注后，ＧＡＢＡ含量减少、海马内源性抑制降低可能是ＣＡ＿１区ＤＮＤ的因素之一。（２）再灌注早期ＡｃｈＥ活性升高，提示Ａｃｈ代谢变化可能和ＤＮＤ有关。（３）再灌注后ＧＡＢＡ和ＡｃｈＥ在海马各亚区的明显改变，提示ＣＡ＿１区选择性易损和递质代谢变化密切相关，而ＣＡ＿１区神经元本身的生理生化特性也起着重要的作用。     

NGF对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马CREB表达的上调作用

目的探讨外源性神经生长因子(NGF)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马CREB和磷酸化的CREB(p-CREB)表达的影响。方法用线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,应用免疫组织化学、W estern B loting和图像分析方法检测大鼠海马CA1区CREB和磷酸化CREB表达。结果假手术组海马CA1区CREB有明显表达,缺血再灌注组CA1区表达较假手术组减少,NGF组CA1区的CREB表达多于缺血再灌注组(P<0.05)。假手术组海马CA1区p-CREB表达很少,缺血再灌注组p-CREB表达多于假手术组,NGF组p-CREB表达多于缺血再灌注组(P<0.05)。结论NGF上调海马CREB和p-CREB的表达,对缺血神经元起保护作用,CREB和p-CREB参与NGF对缺血神经元的保护作用机制。     

吗啡预处理诱导小鼠离体海马脑片氧糖剥夺耐受中PKCδ的作用

 目的 探讨吗啡预处理诱导小鼠离体海马脑片氧糖剥夺耐受形成的机制。 方法 离体小鼠海马脑片氧糖剥夺(OGD)模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,以孵育液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率及脑片细胞存活率为指标,探讨吗啡3?mol/L预处理对不同程度OGD损伤小鼠海马脑片神经元的保护作用,用Western blot检测PKCδ表达。结果 吗啡预处理明显提高OGD5,10及20min脑片细胞存活率,使孵育液LDH漏出减少(P<0.05)。OGD后即刻和再灌注2h后,缺糖缺氧组PKC?膜相关成分蛋白表达明显增高,同时胞质部分蛋白表达明显减少(P<0.05),吗啡预处理对PKC?膜转位变化无明显影响。结论 吗啡预处理减轻小鼠离体海马脑片20min以内氧糖剥夺损伤,其机制可能与PKC?的膜转位激活无关。     

降钙素基因相关肽对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马Fas mRNA表达的调节作用

目的研究外源性降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马Fas mRNA表达的影响,探讨降钙素基因相关肽对缺血再灌注脑神经组织的作用。方法用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)模型,应用原位杂交和显微图象分析方法检测局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马Fas mRNA的表达。结果假手术组大鼠海马未见Fas mRNA阳性表达;缺血再灌注组(缺血再灌注不同时间段6 h,12 h,24 h,48h,72 h)海马Fas mRNA明显过表达;注射CGRP后海马区Fas mRNA阳性表达细胞平均光密度值明显低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01)。结论经颈动脉注入外源性CGRP下调缺血神经元Fas mRNA的表达,可能是外源性CGRP对缺血神经元保护作用的机制之一。     

海马脑片缺氧缺糖模型的制备方法

离体神经组织培养尤其是海马脑片培养，可以弥补在体动物实验方面的一些局限性，是现代神经科学工作者常用的研究方法之一。实验证实，离体海马脑片缺氧缺糖培养模拟“脑缺血”，可以重现在体动物实验时海马各区对缺血敏感性不同的特点，所以许多学者利用海马脑片缺氧缺糖培养模型来研究缺血性脑损伤的细胞和分子机制。目前海马脑片缺氧缺糖模型的制备有多种．但各方法间存在着差异，本文对目前运用较多的浸没法、充N2法和三气缺氧培养箱法进行了比较，并将其中两种方法予以结合。以期为海马脑片缺氧缺糖模型的应用提供参考。     

骨髓基质细胞对"缺血/再灌注"海马片的保护作用及其机制

目的:探讨骨髓基质细胞对"缺血/再灌注"海马片的保护作用及其机制。方法:建立新生大鼠海马片"缺血/再灌注"模型。取成年大鼠骨髓, 培养、分离、纯化骨髓基质细胞。观察海马片细胞死亡及骨髓基质细胞表达脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的动态变化。结果:"缺血"后"再灌注"1、3、7d, 碘化丙啶荧光排斥法显示海马片大量细胞死亡。与骨髓基质细胞联合培养后1、3、7d, 仅有少量细胞死亡。加入抗BDNF抗体后, 骨髓基质细胞对"缺血/再灌注"海马片的保护作用明显减弱。正常骨髓基质细胞在自然条件下微弱表达BDNF;与"缺血/再灌注"海马片联合培养后骨髓基质细胞表达BDNF逐渐增加, 在第3、7d更明显;与正常海马片联合培养的骨髓基质细胞仅出现持续低水平的BDNF表达。结论:骨髓基质细胞可以减少缺血海马片细胞死亡;"缺血/再灌注"海马片与骨髓基质细胞联合培养可以促进骨髓基质细胞表达BDNF, 可能由此发挥对缺血海马片的保护作用。     

降钙素基因相关肽和神经生长因子对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠顶叶、海马FasmRNA表达的影响

目的研究外源性降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和神经生长因子(NGF)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠顶叶、海马FasmRNA表达的影响,探讨降钙素基因相关肽和神经生长因子对缺血再灌注脑神经组织的作用。方法用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)模型,应用原位杂交和显微图象分析方法检测局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠顶叶、海马FasmRNA的表达。结果假手术组大鼠顶叶、海马未见FasmRNA阳性表达细胞;缺血再灌注组(缺血再灌注不同时间段6h,12h,24h,48h,72h)顶叶、海马FasmRNA阳性细胞明显过表达;注射CGRP或NGF后顶叶、海马FasmRNA阳性表达细胞平均光密度值明显低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01);两者合用组平均光密度值比单独应用低(P<0.05)。结论经颈动脉注入外源性CGRP和NGF下调顶叶和海马缺血神经元FasmRNA的表达,且有协同效应,可能是两者对缺血神经元保护作用的机制之一。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995