酸碱失衡狗脑脊液的主要离子变化

本研究复制了４组狗酸碱失衡的动物模型，（１）正常碳酸血症代谢性酸中毒；（２）正常碳酸血症代谢性碱中毒；（３）呼吸性酸中毒；（４）呼吸性碱中毒。动态观察动脉血和ＣＳＦ的酸碱变量及主要离子值。尽管４组动脉血酸碱变量及主要离子值均发生显著改变，但ＣＳＦ〔Ｎａ＾－〕、〔Ｋ＾＋〕、〔Ｌａｃｔ〕及Ｏｓｍ均无明显改变，〔Ｃｌ＾－〕ＣＳＦ却与〔ＨＣＯ＾－３〕ＣＳＦ发生等量互逆改变。结果说明ＨＣＯ＾－３／Ｃｌ＾－的     

速尿在犬急性代谢性碱中毒脑脊液〔HCO3〕调节中的作用

本研究通过复制犬急性代谢性碱中毒动物模型，动态观察动脉血和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）酸碱变量及主要离子变化。在ＰａＣＯ２正常和血浆〔ＨＣＯ３＾－〕升高为３５±２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，分为对照组和速尿组。两组在６ｈ时〔ＨＣＯ３＾－〕ＣＳＦ分别增加了４和８．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。两组〔ＨＣＯ３＾－〕ＣＳＦ的增加均伴有等量〔Ｃｌ＾－〕的下降。两组ＰＣＳＦＣＯ２变化相似，Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋乳酸浓度无明显改变。结果表明速尿能抑制ＣＳＦ     

Na^＋／H^＋交换在急性呼吸性酸中毒脑脊液酸碱调节中的作用

犬急性呼吸性酸中毒（ＡＲＡ）模型通过吸入８－１０％ＣＯ２气体产生。在ＡＲＡ６ｈ期间，对照组和氨苯喋啶组ＰａＣＯ２、「ＨＣＯ３」ｓ和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）ＰＣＯ２分别升高约５．０ｋＰａ，４．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和５．８ｋＰａ，两组之间比较无显著差异，然而，两组ＣＳＦ「ＨＣＯ３」的改变却相差非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１），对照组平均升高８．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，氨苯喋啶组平均同４．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，两组ＣＳＦ「ＨＣＯ３」的差不     

速尿在犬急性代谢性碱中毒脑脊液［HCO3］调节中的作用

本研究通过复制犬急性代谢性碱中毒动物模型，动态观察动脉血和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）酸碱变量及主要离子变化。在ＰａＣＯ２正常和血浆［ＨＣＯ３－］升高为３５±２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，分为对照组和速尿组。两组在６ｈ时［ＨＣＯ３－］ｃｓＦ分别增加了４和８．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。两组［ＨＣＯ３－］ｃｓＦ的增加均伴有等量［Ｃｌ－］的下降。两组ＰｃｓＦＣＯ２变化相似，Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋乳酸浓度无明显改变。结果表明速尿能抑制ＣＳＦＨＣＯ３－和血浆Ｃｌ－的等量交换，ＨＣＯ３－／Ｃｌ－交换在急性代谢性碱中毒ＣＳＦ酸碱调节中有重要作用。     

急性代谢性酸中毒时CSFpCO2在CSF酸碱调节中的作用

本文旨在探讨急性代酸时ＣＳＦｐＣＯ＿２在ＣＳＦ酸碱调节中的作用及其机制。４组急性代酸犬模型均由静脉内输入０．２ＮＨＣｌ产生，血浆［ＨＣＯ＿３－］ｌｈ内下降到１２±２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，实验持续６ｈ。Ⅰ组控制ＰａＣＯ＿２常，６ｈ时ＣＳＦ［ＨＣＯ＿３－］下降了１．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；Ⅱ组自然呼吸，ＣＳＦｐＣＯ＿２伴随ＰａＣＯ＿２下降，６ｈ时ＣＳＦ［ＨＣＯ＿３－］下降了６．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；Ⅲ组机械通气，ＰａＣＯ＿２和ＣＳＦｐＣＯ２均迅速下降，６ｈ时ＣＳＦ［ＨＣＯ＿３－］下降了８．２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；Ⅳ组控制ＰａＣＯ＿２正常，脑室注入乙酰唑胺，６ｈ时ＣＳＦ［ＨＣＯ＿３－］下降了１１．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。结果说明急性代酸时．ＣＳＦ［ＨＣＯ＿３－］取决于ＣＳＦｐＣＯ＿２。ＣＳＦＨＣＯ＿３－主要来源于ＣＮＳＣＯ＿２的水化作用，与ＣＡ活性显著相关。     

急性代谢性酸中毒脑脊液中Pco_2在〔HCO_3~－〕调节中的作用

急性代谢性酸中毒脑脊液中Ｐｃｏ２在〔ＨＣＯ＿３￣－〕调节中的作用金发光，钱桂生（重庆第三军医大学新桥医院呼吸内科重庆６３００３７）脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）［ＨＣＯ３－］内环境稳定在不同酸碱紊乱状态下的调节机理是不相同的。国外学者提出ＣＳＦＨＣＯ３－的主动和被...     

失血性休克再灌注后血浆内皮素的变化及磷脂酶A_2阻断剂对它的影响

家兔出血性休克再灌注（Ｓ／Ｒ）后，放免分析发现血浆内皮素逐渐升高，同失血前比较第６ｈ有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），假手术组没有改变。磷脂酶Ａ_２阻断剂氯喹、磷酸萘酚喹和抗氧化剂黄芪酮于失血后再灌注前使用可抑制Ｓ／Ｒ后２ｈ内血浆内皮素增高，后两者可更明显降低Ｓ／Ｒ后３０ｍｉｎ的内皮索水平，与失血前比较差异非常好著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时，ＨＣＯ~－_３和碱贮备（ＳＢＣ）显著降低，上述三种药物治疗显著增加ＨＣＯ~－_３和ＳＢＣ的含量，它们在Ｓ／Ｒ后２４ｈ明显高于Ｓ／Ｒ组的水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示，Ｓ／Ｒ后血浆内皮素上升可能与代谢性酸中毒加重有一定联系。磷脂酶Ａ_２阻断剂和抗氧化剂可能通过早期抑制内皮素的释放，从而减轻２４ｈ后代谢性酸中毒程度。     

高频喷射通气治疗PE—SWD兔血气和Na^＋—K^＋—ATPase图？…

为了探讨高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）治疗海水淹溺肺水肿（ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ）的作用机理,采用全自动血气酸碱分析仪和计算机图像分析系统对海水淹溺肺水肿组（ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ－Ｇ）、高频喷射通气组（ＨＦＪＶ－Ｇ）和正常对照组（ＯＮＴＲＯＬ ＧＲＯＰＵ,ｃｇ）兔ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２和兔肺内Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ进行自动检测和定量分析。结果表明,ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ经ＨＦＪＶ治疗１００ｍｉｎ,ＨＦＪＶ     

白细胞介素8和一氧化氮在家兔内毒素性急性损伤中的作用

目的和方法：采用间隔２４ｈ两次注射大肠杆菌内毒素（ＥＴ）的方法，复制家兔内毒素性急性肺损伤模型，探讨肺损伤的机理，结果：ＥＴ组血浆，肺组织匀浆及支气肺泡灌洗液中白细胞介素８（ＩＬ－８），亚硝酸／硝酸根离子显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血浆补体Ｃ５ａ活性明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＢＡＬＦ内中性粒细胞明显增多，肺系数，肺水含量及通透指数升高，ＩＬ－８，ＮＯ２＾－／ＮＯ３＾－水平以及血清和ＢＡＬＦ中酸性磷酸     

失血性休克再灌注后血浆内皮素的变化及磷酯酶A2阻断剂？…

家兔出血性休克再灌注（Ｓ／Ｒ）后，放名分析发现血浆内皮素逐渐升高，同失血前比较第６ｈ有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），假手术组没有改变。磷脂酶Ａ２阻断剂氯喹、磷酸萘喹和抗氧化剂黄芪酮于失血后再灌注前使用可抑制Ｓ／Ｒ后２ｈ内血浆内皮素增高，后两者可更明显降低Ｓ／Ｒ后３０ｍｉｎ的内皮素水平，与的血前比较差异非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。同时，ＨＣＯ３＾－和碱贮备（ＳＢＣ）显著降低，上述三种药物治疗显著增加ＨＣＯ     

Comparison of the CollaboRATE and SDM-Q-9 questionnaires to appreciate the patient-reported level of shared decision-making

ObjectiveTo compare CollaboRATE and SDM-Q-9 questionnaires when appreciating patient-perceived level of shared decision-making (SDM) in doctor-patient consultations.MethodsData were harvested from five separate studies on SDM, conducted in three university and one large community hospital in the Netherlands, using Dutch versions of both questionnaires.CollaboRATE and SDM-Q-9 scores were expressed as percentages. Correlation was assessed using Spearman’s Rho coefficient. Bland&Altman analysis was used to assess the degree of agreement. Top scores were calculated to assess possible ceiling effects.ResultsThe five studies included 442 patients. Median CollaboRATE scores (88.9%, IQR 81.5–100%) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than SDM-Q-9 scores (80.0%, IQR 64.4–100%). Correlation was moderate (Rho=0.53, p < 0.001). A systematic, 12.5-point higher score was found across the range of scores when using CollaboRATE. Top scores for CollaboRATE and SDM-Q-9 were present in 37.5% and 17% of questionnaires, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, CollaboRATE and SDM-Q-9 questionnaires showed a high level of patient-perceived SDM. However, CollaboRATE only moderately correlated with SDM-Q-9 and had a stronger ceiling effect.Practice implicationsWhen choosing a SDM-measurement tool, its benefits and limitations should be weighed. These metrics should be combined with objective scores of SDM, as these may differ from the patients’ subjective interpretation.     

吸入糖皮质激素对哮喘儿童外周血Foxp3~+调节性T细胞及IL-2、IL-6的影响及其机制研究

研究吸入丙酸氟替卡松(FP)对哮喘患儿外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中CD4+Foxp3+调节T细胞、细胞因子IL-2、IL-6以及转录因子STAT5的影响。以30例确诊为支气管哮喘的患儿为研究对象,随机分为未治疗哮喘组(15例)、吸入FP缓解组(15例),10例同期正常儿童为对照组。流式细胞仪检测外周血PBMC中的CD4+Foxp3+调节T细胞比率,ELISA检测血浆或培养上清中IL-2、IL-6细胞因子水平,Western blot检测PBMC中磷酸化及非磷酸化STAT5的水平。结果1.未治疗哮喘组PBMC中CD4+Foxp3+T细胞百分率在PHA刺激培养前后均明显低于正常对照组,吸入FP缓解组明显升高,与正常对照组没有差异;各组刺激后CD4+Foxp3+T细胞百分率均有升高,吸入FP缓解组、正常对照组分别升高约1.89、2.01倍,而未治疗哮喘组升高仅1.56倍;2.未治疗哮喘组血浆中IL-6水平明显高于正常组及吸入FP缓解组,而IL-2水平没有明显差异;3.PHA刺激24 h后未治疗哮喘组磷酸化STAT5(p-STAT)表达水平明显低于吸入FP组及正常对照组,而各组STAT5表达水平没有明显差异,结论吸入FP能增加哮喘患儿外周血PBMC中CD4+Foxp3+调节T细胞数量,其机制可能与降低血浆IL-6,上调STAT5磷酸化水平有关。     

CT快速图像重建算法研究

快速图像重建算法一直是图像重建中的关键问题和衡量CT系统的重要指标之一。本文以扇形束结构为例，分析了各种快速重建算法的特点，并从算法结构、实现技巧及代码优化等方面论述了快速图像重建的方法．这些方法可有效地提高图像重建的速度。     

简易视野计的研制

目的：研制一种简易视野仪。方法：利用球面型发光二极管矩阵随机变换发光管的位置及发光强度检测患者的视觉反应。结论：该仪器对补充视功能检查，及时发现某些眼病有一定的诊断价值。     

人胶质瘤相关抗原内映像独特型疫苗研究

5A_8为抗人胶质瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体(Ab_1)。用分泌5A_8的杂交瘤细胞免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗5A_8独特型的单克隆抗体1 D_1(Ab_2)。研究证明,1D_1可特异地与5A_8结合,抑制5A_8与胶质瘤传代细胞(靶细胞)的反应性,但它对另一株抗胶质瘤单克隆抗体5F_4及多克隆抗血清与靶细胞的反应性均无阻断作用。用1D_1免疫BALB/c小鼠,可诱导出与胶质瘤细胞(靶细胞)产生特异性反应的抗体(Ab_3即Ab′_1)。Ab_3可与5A_8亲和层柱提取的靶抗原相结合,并能阻断靶抗原与~(125)I—5 A_8的反应,因而得出结论,1D_1具有胶质瘤相关抗原的内映像(Ab_2 β)。     

Differential acclimatisation as a function of duration of exposure

Summary The length of time required to achieve the highest degree of acclimatisation was studied in two groups of men who were acclimatised at either one of two temperature conditions, namely 32.2 °/33.9 ° C W.B./D.B. or 33.9 °/35.5 ° C W.B./ D.B. The acclimatisation procedure consisted of 4 hours work daily at a metabolic rate of 5 kcal/min for the duration of 12 days. Changes in rectal temperature and heart rate followed immediately upon the first exposure to, and work in, heat. Judged by the rectal temperature reactions, the process of acclimatisation was completed within 8 days. An extension of the period of acclimatisation to between 9 and 12 days was without effect on the state of acclimatisation acquired by the subjects after an 8-day procedure. With an acclimatisation procedure shorter than 8 days the men were not fully acclimatised. Acclimatisation procedures of either 4, 5, or 6 days duration (at 32.2 ° C W.B.) induced a degree of acclimatisation in the subjects which proved to be adequate to enable them to work with body temperatures similar to those of fully acclimatised men, for periods of either 1, 2 or 3 hours respectively in the test environment.     

siRNA构建及转运方法研究进展

RNA干扰是一种由双链RNA引发的转录后基因沉默过程,目前已尝试将其应用于疾病治疗.但是在RNA干扰的应用研究中,最大的障碍是如何将小干扰RNA(siRNA)有效、安全地转运到靶组织和细胞.对近年来有关siRNA转运方式的研究进行综述,为寻求更好地转运方法提供可靠的依据.     

A C-terminal truncated mutation of licC attenuates the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae

LicC has been identified as a virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, its role in virulence is still not fully understood because deletion of licC is lethal for the bacterium. In this study, a mutant with 78-bp truncation at the C-terminus of licC was obtained from a signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) library. The mutant was viable with a large reduction in enzymatic activity as CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase detected in vitro using a firefly luciferase assay. The mutation attenuated the adhesion and invasion of S. pneumoniae ST556 (serotype 19F) to epithelial cells by 72% and 80%, respectively, and increased the phagocytosis by macrophages for 16.5%, compared to the parental strain. When the mutation was introduced into the encapsulated D39 strain (serotype 2), it led to attenuated virulence in mouse models either by intranasal colonization or by intraperitoneal infection. In addition, the phosphocholine (PCho) on cell surface was decreased, and the choline binding proteins (CBPs) were impaired, which may explain the attenuated virulence of the mutant. These observations indicate that C-terminus of licC is accounted for the main activity of LicC in PCho metabolism and is essential for the virulence of S. pneumoniae, which provides a novel target for drug design against pneumococcal infection.     

Effect of low estrogen on neurons in the preoptic area of hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in neuronal activity in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POAH) under low estrogen condition induced by ovariectomy. One hundred and twenty sham-operated (SHAM) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats were placed in different temperatures for 2 h. Twelve rats from each group were stimulated by 4 °C, 10 °C, 25 °C, 33 °C and 38 °C, respectively. c-Fos expression in the POAH was detected by immunohistochemistry. Following exposure to warm and cold stimuli, there were markedly lower c-Fos-positive cell densities in the OVX group compared with the SHAM group in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) at 4 °C, 10 °C, 33 °C and 38 °C, in the medial preoptic area (MPA) at 25 °C and 38 °C, in the ventromedial preoptic nucleus (VMPO) at 4 °C, 10 °C and 38 °C and in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) at 4 °C and 38 °C. Both temperature and surgery had an impact on c-Fos expression by two-way ANOVA method except in the lateral preoptic area (LPO). c-Fos expression differed within different nuclei of the two groups in the same and different temperature stimuli. This indicated that the temperature-sensitive nuclei in the POAH exhibited lower and different activities during temperature stimuli following ovariectomy, which possibly resulted in abnormal thermoregulation and menopausal symptoms.     

Thymic CCL2 influences induction of T-cell tolerance

Thymic epithelial cells (TEC) and dendritic cells (DC) play a role in T cell development by controlling the selection of the T cell receptor repertoire. DC have been described to take up antigens in the periphery and migrate into the thymus where they mediate tolerance via deletion of autoreactive T cells, or by induction of natural regulatory T cells. Migration of DC to thymus is driven by chemokine receptors. CCL2, a major ligand for the chemokine receptor CCR2, is an inflammation-associated chemokine that induces the recruitment of immune cells in tissues. CCL2 and CCR2 are implicated in promoting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. We here show that CCL2 is constitutively expressed by endothelial cells and TEC in the thymus. Transgenic mice overexpressing CCL2 in the thymus showed an increased number of thymic plasmacytoid DC and pronounced impairment of T cell development. Consequently, CCL2 transgenic mice were resistant to EAE. These findings demonstrate that expression of CCL2 in thymus regulates DC homeostasis and controls development of autoreactive T cells, thus preventing development of autoimmune diseases.