血红素加氧酶-1基因转染对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察腺病毒介导的血红素加氧酶-1基因（rHO-1）转染后,HO-1在大鼠心肌的表达及其对缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组：假手术对照组（SH）、生理盐水组（NS）、空载体组（Ad）和Ad-HO-1转染组（HO）,各组12只。后3组分别于心尖部分别注射1ml生理盐水、含空载体腺病毒（5．0×10^9PFU）和重组HO-1腺病毒50μl（7．5×10^9PFU）。在基因转染3d后,采用左冠状动脉前降支结扎开放建立心肌缺血再灌注模型。每组大鼠测定心功能后取心腔内血,做心肌酶检测,处死大鼠并取左心室标本,测定左心室心肌梗死面积,于荧光显微镜下观察心肌组织荧光蛋白的表达情况,RT—PCR、Westernblot检测心肌组织HO-1mRNA、蛋白的表达。结果：HO组中HO-1表达量明显高于Ad组和NS组,Ad和HO组左室心肌均见有荧光蛋白表达,其转染率为（55．5±3．5）％。各时相点HO组的SBP、DBP、MAP、＋dp／dtmax和-dp／dtmax等指标恢复率均显著高于Ad组和NS组（P〈0．01）。与SH组比较,NS组、Ad组血清LDH和CK—MB水平、梗死心肌重量、心肌梗死面积升高（P〈0．01）。与NS组或Ad组比较,HO组血清LDH和CK-MB水平、梗死心肌重量、心肌梗死面积减少（P〈0．01）。结论：腺病毒携带的HO-1基因能有效的转染心肌组织,并在体内稳定表达;HO-1基因转染对缺血再灌注的心肌有明显的保护作用。     

大鼠急性β射线皮肤损伤动物模型的建立与应用

目的建立大鼠急性β射线皮肤损伤动物模型,并用此模型研究超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对创面愈合作用。方法雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为2组,每组20只。治疗组:45Gyβ射线照射SOD治疗;对照组:45Gyβ射线照射生理盐水对照。采用直线加速器产生的β射线照射大鼠臀部皮肤20mm×40mm。观察创面出现及愈合的时间。光镜及免疫组织化学检查β射线皮肤损伤创面愈合过程中组织学改变及血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)表达的变化。结果45Gyβ射线照射后出现典型深Ⅱ度烧伤创面。SOD治疗组创面愈合速度明显比生理盐水对照组快(P<0·05)。β射线照射后第6、7、8周时,治疗组与对照组免疫组织化学VEGF、bFGF表达分别为强阳性和阳性。β射线照射后第4、5、9周时,2组表达均为弱阳性。结论采用直线加速器产生β射线照射建立急性β射线皮肤损伤动物模型简便、快速,剂量准确、可靠,是研究外用药促进急性β射线皮肤损伤创面愈合的较理想动物模型,SOD具有促进急性β射线皮肤损伤创面愈合的作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠急性放射性肝损伤修复的研究

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)对大鼠急性放射性肝损伤的修复作用。方法 雌性SD大鼠12只,肝右叶接受单次6MVX射线20Gy照射,建立急性放射性肝损伤模型;随机分成2组,干预组注射雄性大鼠BMSCs悬液,对照组注射等量生理盐水。4周后观察大鼠肝组织的病理形态学改变,采用原位杂交技术检测肝脏中性别决定基因Y(SRY)及免疫组织化学技术检测ɑ-平滑肌肌动蛋白(ɑ-SMA)的阳性表达。结果 两组大鼠肝右叶组织中均可见汇管区炎性反应及肝实质细胞的损伤,但干预组的损伤程度比对照组轻。干预组大鼠肝右叶中检测到的SRY阳性细胞多于肝左叶(t=3.77,P＜0.05),ɑ-SMA的阳性表达率低于对照组(t=2.25,P＜0.05)。结论 单次20Gy照射可以造成大鼠肝右叶急性放射性损伤;SRY阳性细胞可以被征募到大鼠的放射性肝损伤部位,在一定程度上可能减轻放射性肝纤维化的发生。     

MEBT/MEBO对慢性难愈合创面组织内Nrf2 / HO-1 / NQO1 信号通路的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨皮肤再生医疗技术 (MEBT/ MEBO) 对大鼠慢性难愈合创面组织内核转录因子红系 2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)/ 醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)信号通路的影响。 方法 选取90只SPF级 Wistar雄性大鼠适应性饲养1周后,采用随机数表法将其随机分为空白组、对照组、模型组、MEBO 组和贝复新组,每组18只。 其中空白组大鼠只做备皮处理, 对照组大鼠建立急性创面模型, 模型组、MEBO组和贝复新组大鼠建立慢性难愈合创面模型。模型建立后,空白组大鼠备皮处皮肤及对照组、模型组大鼠创面予以生理盐水纱布换药处理, MEBO组大鼠创面予以湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)药纱换药处理,贝复新组大鼠创面予以重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶药纱换药处理, 对比观察各组大鼠创面愈合率、组织病理学变化情况以及皮肤/ 创面组织内丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1 蛋白与 HO-1、NQO1 mRNA 表达水平。结果 干预第 3 天, 各组大鼠创面愈合率尤以对照组最高、贝复新组次之 (P均＜0.05); 干预第 7、14 天, 各组大鼠创面愈合率尤以 MEBO 组最高、贝复新组次之 (P均＜0.05)。 HE 染色结果显示, 干预第 3、7、14 天,对照组、MEBO 组和贝复新组大鼠创面组织内坏死细胞及炎性细胞逐渐减少, 成纤维细胞与毛细血管逐渐增多,而模型组大鼠创面组织内坏死细胞和炎性细胞减少不明显; Masson 染色结果显示, 干预第 3、7、14 天, 对照组?MEBO 组和贝复新组大鼠创面组织内胶原纤维由细少且紊乱逐渐趋于粗大且平整, 而模型组大鼠创面组织内胶原纤维虽逐渐增粗、增多, 但排列仍较紊乱。 干预第 7 天, 对照组、MEBO 组和贝复新组大鼠创面组织内 MDA 表达水平均明显低于模型组 (P均＜0.05); 干预第 3、7 天, 对照组、MEBO 组和贝复新组大鼠创面组织内 SOD 表达水平均明显高于模型组 (P均＜0.05)。 干预第 3、7 天, MEBO 组和贝复新组大鼠创面组织内 Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1 蛋白以及 HO-1、NQO1 mRNA 表达水平均明显高于空白组、对照组和模型组 (P均＜0.05), 且干预第 7天, MEBO 组大鼠创面组织内 Nrf2、HO-1 蛋白以及 HO-1 mRNA 表达水平均明显低于贝复新组 (P均＜0.05)。结论 MEBT/ MEBO 可能能够通过激活 Nrf2 / HO-1 / NQO1 信号通路减轻大鼠慢性难愈合创面氧化应激损伤, 促进创面再生修复。     

模拟失重大鼠肺组织一氧化碳表达的变化

目的　研究在模拟失重大鼠肺组织中一氧化碳表达的变化 ,探讨其在失重时肺组织损伤中的作用。　方法　采用尾部悬吊模拟失重 ,分为悬吊 7d和 2 1d及相应对照 4组 ,每组 10只健康雄性 SD大鼠 ,共 4 0只大鼠。并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织诱导型血红素氧合酶 (HO- 1) m RNA表达情况。　结果　同正常对照组相比 ,7d尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织 HO- 1m RNA表达水平明显增高 ,且具有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1) ,2 1d悬吊组模拟失重大鼠肺组织 HO- 1m RNA表达水平仍显著增高 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　在模拟失重条件下肺组织一氧化碳的表达水平增高。     

腺病毒介导的hVEGF基因转染细胞修复大鼠放射性皮肤溃疡的效果研究

目的 评价转染人血管内皮生长因子165(hVEGF 165)重组腺病毒载体的成纤维细胞体外表达状态及转染细胞修复放射性皮肤溃疡的效果。方法 构建hVEGF165基因过表达重组腺病毒载体,转染大鼠原代成纤维细胞,通过荧光定量PCR、免疫细胞化学和Western blot观察hVEGF165体外过表达状态;清洁级SD雄性大鼠24只,50 Gy γ射线局部照射,照后7 d于受照局部注射转染hVEGF165细胞,通过荧光定量PCR,分析转染基因在注射部位的表达状况,外观观察和组织学观察动物体内转基因细胞对放射性皮肤溃疡愈合效果的影响。结果 hVEGF转染组细胞体外实验中hVEGFmRNA表达显著上调,约为空转染组的88 373倍,胞质中出现hVEGF蛋白强阳性表达,且于相对分子质量23 000附近出现VEGF蛋白的特异性条带;受照后约2周局部出现溃疡,hVEGF转染组平均溃疡面积为40.2 mm²,比空转染对照组减少57%,愈合时间缩短约6 d,处理后3 d、1周皮肤组织中hVEGF mRNA相对表达量分别为空转染组的5.15和4.15倍(t=3.385、3.220,P<0.05)。结论 转染hVEGF165重组腺病毒载体的大鼠成纤维细胞能够在体外过量表达VEGF,且该转染细胞注射体内能够缩短放射性皮肤溃疡的愈合时间,增强损伤的愈合效果。     

急性放射性皮肤溃疡愈合过程中TGFβ及其受体表达的研究

局部大剂量射线照射可引起急性放射性皮肤溃疡 ,目前此类溃疡发生发展的分子机理尚不清楚。本实验以6 0 Ｃｏγ射线单次局部照射大鼠后肢为实验模型 ,观察急性放射性皮肤溃疡发生发展过程中ＴＧＦβ1 、ＴＧＦβ3、ＴＧＦβＲ1 的表达情况 ,探讨急性放射性皮肤溃疡的难愈机理。一、材料和方法1 材料 :二级Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雌性大鼠 4 3只 (军事医学科学院动物中心提供 ) ,正常对照 3只 ,余为照射动物 ,照射前麻醉、固定 ,6 0 Ｃｏγ射线单次照射大鼠双大腿、臀部、全尾 ,吸收剂量5 0Ｇｙ ,照射时间 15ｍｉｎ 30 5ｓ,吸收剂量率 0 32 8Ｇｙ·ｍ…     

脂肪来源干细胞移植干预兔骨骼肌放射性纤维化的实验研究

目的 观察脂肪来源干细胞(adipose-derive stem cells, ASCs)植入放射损伤骨骼肌后的纤维化程度改变,探讨ASCs对兔骨骼肌放射性纤维化的影响。方法 64只新西兰兔单侧臀部予9 MeV电子线单次照射80 Gy后,采用随机数字表法分为ASCs组和PBS组,每组32只,照射24 h后照射侧分别肌肉注射1 ml含5×10⁷ ASCs的PBS悬液和1 ml PBS缓冲液,未照射一侧作为各组的正常对照。分别于照射后1、4、8和26周,收集各组8只实验动物肌肉标本,计算Masson染色切片胶原纤维面积占总面积的比值,利用免疫组织化学及Western blot法检测骨骼肌中TGF-β1蛋白的表达。结果 ASCs植入骨骼肌后能在放射损伤部位迁移。ASCs组及PBS组纤维化程度随照射后时间延长而加重,ASCs组胶原纤维面积占总面积的比值较PBS组在照射后4、8和26周显著降低(t=4.62、5.99和10.48,P<0.05)。ASCs组骨骼肌组织TGF-β1的IOD值较PBS组在照射后4、8和26周显著降低(t=3.79、16.45和15.17,P<0.05)。Western blot检测ASCs组TGF-β1蛋白的表达水平较PBS组低。结论 ASCs移植能抑制放射损伤骨骼肌组织TGF-β1的表达减轻放射性纤维化。     

丁苯酞对大鼠脑组织放射性损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨丁苯酞对大鼠单次全脑照射后的防护作用机制.方法 120只SD大鼠采用随机数字法分为假照射组、照射组和丁苯酞组.采用10 Gy单次全脑照射模型,制模后丁苯酞组大鼠分别按剂量0.3、1.0和3.0 mg/kg丁苯酞腹腔注射;测定脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,采用免疫组织化学法检测海马凋亡相关基因蛋白表达的变化,并在电镜下观察组织学超微结构.结果 与假照射组比较,照射后大鼠脑组织中MDA含量升高、SOD活性降低,促凋亡基因bax表达增高(t=-3.78～ ～1.89;2.69 ～3.48,P＜0.05)、抑凋亡基因bcl-2表达下降,电镜下照射组大鼠海马CA1区神经元呈明显的凋亡超微结构形态;与照射组比较,丁苯酞组大鼠脑组织中MDA含量降低、SOD活性升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达显著增加、Bax蛋白表达明显降低(t=2.94 ～3.76,-3,89～ -1.96,P ＜0.05),神经细胞结构损伤明显轻于照射组.结论 丁苯酞通过降低大鼠全脑照射后脑组织中MDA含量、升高SOD活性,有效抑制凋亡,对放射性脑损伤的保护作用呈现剂量依赖性.     

痰热清注射液对大鼠急性放射性肺损伤的防治

目的 观察痰热清对大鼠急性放射性肺损伤的防治作用。方法60只雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、痰热清中药治疗组(中药组)和地塞米松联合头孢氨苄西药治疗组(西药组),每组动物均为15只。用6 MV X射线直线加速器对大鼠双肺进行单次照射25 Gy。分别于照射后2、4和6周3个时间点,每组各随机取5只大鼠活体观察和取材。取动脉血检测细胞因子;测定肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中性粒细胞计数;取右中肺组织,以测定羟脯氨酸含量;取右上肺组织切片,行HE染色,光镜观察病理改变。结果模型组大鼠肺组织于照射后2周出现放射性肺炎改变,第6周时肺泡间隔增厚明显,肺泡腔纤维素渗出。除空白组外,中药组大鼠肺组织放射性肺炎反应最轻,BALF中性粒细胞数相对较低,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)和肺组织羟脯氨酸含量均较模型组低。结论痰热清可抑制致炎因子和致纤维化因子的表达,减轻急性放射性肺损伤的炎性反应,延缓放射性肺纤维化的进展,对急性放射性肺损伤具有防治作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.