18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射体层显像在食管癌患者中的应用

目的探讨^18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射体层显像（^18F-FDG—PET）检查在食管癌患者诊断、治疗中的应用价值。方法1999年10月～2005年12月，对52例食管癌患者行全身^18F-FDG—PET检查，其中15例在检查前未经任何治疗，37例为综合治疗后复查。采用目测法结合半定量分析法判读^18F-FDG—PET检查结果，并与病理检查和随访结果进行对比。结果在15例行^18F-FDG—PET检查前未经任何治疗的食管癌患者中，11例患者（T2～T4）原发肿瘤显影，4例T1原发肿瘤未显影；^18F-FDG—PET检查定性诊断的灵敏度为73．3％（11／15）。8例手术治疗的患者切除纵隔和腹腔直径〉1cm的淋巴结16处，术前6处经^18F-FDG—PET检查定性为恶性，其中5处为转移淋巴结，1处为淋巴结结核；7例患者经^18F-FDG—PET检查发现有远处器官转移，不适合手术治疗。37例经综合治疗后患者复查^18F-FDG—PET，发现34例有肿瘤复发和／或转移。结论^18F-FDG—PET检查对食管癌原发肿瘤和局部淋巴结转移的定性诊断价值有限，但对发现远处器官转移和判断治疗效果有较大的帮助，^18F-FDG—PET检查需结合其他辅助检查才能发挥其优势。     

18F-FDG hPET/CT显像诊断结直肠癌术后复发转移

目的 评价^18F-FDG hPET／CT代谢显像对结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的诊断价值。方法 对81例结直肠癌术后临床可疑肿瘤复发或转移的患者采用GEHAWKEYE符合线路SPECT进行^18F-FDG显像，获得经X线衰减校正后的三维断层图像，由计算机完成各断层图像的融合，以目测法进行诊断分析，并与CT、病理学检查、临床随访作出的最后诊断进行对比。结果 ^18F-FDG hPET／CT代谢显像对结直肠癌术后复发、转移诊断的灵敏度为93％（57／61），特异性为80％（16／20），阳性预测率为93％（57／61），阴性预测率为80％（16／20）；而常规CT对结直肠癌术后复发转移诊断的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为67％（37／55）、73％（19／26）、84％（37／44）、51％（19／37）；^18F-FDG hPET／CT代谢显像共检出病灶126个，65例相同视野hPET／CT代谢显像与诊断CT常规影像检查复发转移病灶检出数分别为91个和46个。结论 ^18F-FDG hPET／CT显像对结直肠癌术后复发转移的诊断价值优于CT；通过与同机定位CT图像融合可有效地对病变进行定性定位。     

PET/CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检

目的评价PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检技术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析38例接受18F—FDGPET／CT全身显像,并在15日内接受PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下穿刺活检的肺部病变患者的资料,探讨肺部病变的PET／CT图像特点,并以术后病理或临床随访结果为标准,计算活检诊断的准确率、敏感度、特异度、假阴性率及主要并发症发生情况。结果PET／CT示22例病灶代谢均匀,16例不均匀。PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下穿刺活检取材成功率为94．74％（36／38）,真阳性35例,真阴性1例,假阴性2例,无假阳性病例;诊断准确率为94．74％（36／38）、敏感度为94．59％（35／37）、特异度为100％（1／1）、假阴性率为5．41％（2／37）。穿刺后主要并发症包括气胸3例,咯少量鲜血1例,针道出血4例,胸部疼痛4例。结论PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检术能降低假阴性率,相对安全、高效。     

18F-FLTPET/CT在肿瘤诊断中的应用

在PET及PET／CT的应用中,人们逐渐发现仅使用18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（18F-FDG）作为示踪剂是远远不够的。细胞增殖显像剂18F-氟脱氧胸苷（18F-FLT）是一种新型的示踪剂,本文就18F—FLT在肿瘤诊断、分期及疗效评价方面进行综述。     

慢性肿块型胰腺炎的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现

目的探讨慢性肿块型胰腺炎18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现。方法回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的慢性肿块型胰腺炎的18F-FDG PET/CT影像资料和临床资料。结果 6例共检出6个病灶,3个位于胰头,3个位于胰尾;平均大小3.0cm×2.7cm。CT平扫6个病灶呈均匀等密度,未见钙化灶,平均CT值约为36HU;增强扫描全部病灶呈延迟期强化。全部病灶18F-FDG摄取呈局灶性增高,最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）1.6～5.3,平均SUVmax3.92±1.49,高于正常胰腺组织的2.05±0.39（t=-3.648,P=0.015）。3例病灶累及胰头,胆总管及胰管不同程度扩张,呈双管征,胰体尾部轻度萎缩;3例病灶累及胰尾,胆总管及胰管未见扩张,胰体尾部未见萎缩。病灶邻近的主要血管均未受侵。全部病例胰周及腹膜后淋巴结未见18F-FDG局灶性摄取增高,未见远处脏器或（和）组织转移。结论 18 F-FDG PET/CT对诊断慢性肿块型胰腺炎具有一定价值。     

PET-CT与腹部增强CT对腹膜转移瘤诊断价值的对比分析

目的比较^18F-FDGPET-CT与腹部增强CT对腹膜转移瘤的诊断价值。方法2008年1月至2011年5月间对中山大学附属第一医院收治的怀疑腹膜转移瘤的97例患者进行,^18F-FDGPET-CT和腹部增强CT检查．通过病理检查及临床随访最终证实有无腹膜转移瘤．比较两种检查方法对腹膜转移瘤的诊断价值。结果97例患者中,经病理检查（88例）及临床随访（9例）证实77例有腹膜转移．20例无腹膜转移。PET-CT诊断腹膜转移瘤的敏感度为90．9％（70／77）．特异度为85．0％（17／20）,准确性为89．7％（87／97）;出现3例假阳性和7例假阴性。腹部增强CT诊断腹膜转移瘤的敏感度为66．2％（51／77）,特异度为80．0％（16／20）,准确性为69．1％（67／97）;出现4例假阳性和26例假阴性。两种方法诊断准确率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论^18F-FDGPET-CT对于腹膜转移瘤的诊断价值明显高于腹部增强CT。     

核医学影像技术在淋巴瘤诊疗中的应用

近年来,功能性显像技术在淋巴瘤诊疗中逐渐占据重要地位。用于淋巴瘤诊疗的核医学影像技术主要包括单光子发射型断层扫描技术（SPECT）、正电子发射型断层显像（PET）、正电子发射型断层/计算机体层摄影术（PET/CT）。67Ga-枸橼酸较早用于诊断淋巴瘤的功能性显像,后逐渐被18F-FDG取代。PET/CT的应用实现了功能影像与解剖影像有机结合及优势互补,对淋巴瘤的定位、定性及分期更准确,在淋巴瘤的诊疗方面显示出重要的临床应用价值。本文对18F-FDG PET及PET/CT在淋巴瘤诊疗方面的应用现状进行综述。     

单发脑转移瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT显像特点

目的探讨单发脑转移瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT显像特点,以提高其诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析62例单发脑转移瘤患者的头部18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,根据最大径将病灶分为1.0cm和≥1.0cm 2组,采用χ2检验比较2组病灶的瘤周水肿及18F-FDG摄取情况。依据CT表现将病灶分为高密度结节、等密度结节及囊性密度结节3种形式,采用χ2检验分析不同CT表现形式病灶的18 F-FDG摄取情况。结果本组62例单发脑转移瘤,发生于幕上52例(52/62,83.87%),幕下10例(10/62,16.13%)。1.0cm和≥1.0cm两组病灶的瘤周水肿差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.414,P=0.006),而18F-FDG摄取差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.647,P=0.104)。不同CT表现形式18 F-FDG摄取情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.480,P=0.001);大部分(11/12,91.67%)高密度结节型的病例18 F-FDG摄取不超过2级;而等密度结节型18F-FDG摄取均不低于1级,并以3级居多(17/34,50.00%);56.25%(9/16)的囊性密度结节型表现为18 F-FDG无摄取。结论单发脑转移瘤的18 F-FDG PET/CT表现形式多种多样,掌握其18 F-FDG PET/CT显像特点,有助于提高诊断准确率。     

PET和CT对结直肠癌复发、转移诊断价值的评估

目的：评价PET和CT诊断复发转移性结直肠癌的价值。方法：结直肠癌病人94例行PET检查，其中67例同时行CT检查。以病理或随访为最后诊断，平均随访时间为21个月。^18F-FDG-PET的诊断结果基于医师的肉眼判断、SUV值（the standard uptake value）和CT图像三者结果而得出的。结果：PET和CT检查真阳性分别为46例和32例，真阴性25例和14例，假阳性5例和7例，假阴性4例和10例。PET和CT的符合率88．75％和73．02％、灵敏度92．00％和76．19％，特异性83．33％和66．67％，阳性预测值90．20％和82．05％，阴性预测值86．21％和58.33％。两者诊断符合率和灵敏度差异具有统计学意义P值分别为0．015和0．034。PET对临床处理的影响率为12．5％（n=10）。结论：PET结合常规诊断方法可有效地提高结直肠癌复发转移病灶诊断的准确性。     

18F-FDG PET/CT评价伽马刀治疗肿瘤疗效

目的探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在评价伽马刀治疗肿瘤疗效中的价值。方法对39例肿瘤术后复发患者,在伽马刀治疗前和治疗后3个月,根据CT显像的病灶大小、PET显像的平均标准摄取值（SUVmean）变化以及SUV变化率（△SUV）分别进行近期疗效判定。结果治疗前PET/CT全身检查后检出病灶并行伽马刀定位病灶65个,平均直径（3.32±3.57）cm;平均SUVmean5.92±2.62。伽马刀治疗3个月后复查,PET/CT检出病灶50个,平均直径（2.54±2.76）cm;平均SUVmean3.82±3.40。伽马刀治疗后病灶最大直径普遍较前缩小（P〈0.05）,伽马刀治疗后SUVmean显著降低（P〈0.001）。伽马刀治疗后CT显示的总有效率为38.46%（25/65）,PET SUVmean显示总有效率为55.38%（36/65）,二者之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.24,P〈0.05）。△SUV的总有效率为49.23%（32/65）。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT可以从病灶的大小和代谢两方面评价伽马刀治疗肿瘤的疗效。     

Clinical value of 18FDG PET/MRI in muscle-invasive,locally advanced,and metastatic bladder cancer

ObjectiveMetastatic bladder cancer is an aggressive disease that can often be difficult to diagnose and stage with conventional cross-sectional imaging. The primary objective of this study was to determine the clinical value of fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET/MRI for surveillance and restaging of patients with muscle-invasive, locally advanced, and metastatic bladder cancer compared to conventional imaging methods.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients with muscle-invasive, locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer in a single institute evaluated with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI. All patients also underwent conventional imaging with CT. Additional imaging may also have included ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (¹⁸F-FDG PET), or sodium fluoride (NaF) PET/CT in some patients. Images were reviewed by a diagnostic radiologist/nuclear medicine physician. Number of lesions and sites of disease were captured and compared between ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI and conventional imaging. Lesions were confirmed by sequential imaging or lesion biopsy. All patients were followed for survival.ResultsFifteen patients (4 for surveillance; 11 for restaging) underwent 34 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI scans. Each patient received a corresponding conventional CT around the time of the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI (median 6 days). The 15 patients (11 male; 4 female) had a median age of 61.5 years (range 37–73) and histologies of urothelial carcinoma (n = 13) and small-cell carcinoma of the bladder (n = 2) diagnosed as stage 4 (n = 13), stage 3 (n = 1), or stage 2 (n = 1). ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI detected 82 metastatic malignant lesions involving lymph nodes (n = 22), liver (n = 10), lung (n = 34), soft tissue (n = 12), adrenal glands (n = 1), prostate (n = 1), and bone (n = 2) with a resultant advantage of 36% for lesion visibility in comparison with CT. Serial imaging or biopsy confirmed these lesions as malignant.Conclusion¹⁸F-FDG PET/MRI can detect metastatic lesions which cannot be identified on conventional CT, and this can allow for better treatment planning and improved disease monitoring during therapy.     

Utility of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in identifying penile squamous cell carcinoma metastatic lymph nodes

ObjectivesDue to the significant potential morbidity of inguinal and pelvic lymphadenectomy, the search for an imaging modality that can accurately identify penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) lymphatic metastases continues. Initial ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT studies have reported 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the detection of inguinal and obturator lymph node metastasis. We review a single institutional experience of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging of SCCA of the penis to assess for accuracy and potential impact on clinical management.MethodsThree patients diagnosed with penile SCCA at a single institution underwent staging ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and went on to subsequent inguinal lymph node dissection. The ¹⁸F-FDG PET machine was a Philips Gemini Time-of-Flight PET with LYSO crystals with 4.7 mm spatial resolution. The CT was a 16-slice helical CT with 5 mm slice widths. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings were compared with the histologic findings of these procedures. Decision to proceed with lymphadenectomy was based on clinical judgment of a single urologist and all fused ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging was assessed by a single experienced radiologist.ResultsNo patient received chemotherapy or radiation before the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT or surgery. The first patient was obese (BMI > 30), clinically node negative, and the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT showed inflammation. Histologic examination showed a positive 2 cm right inguinal metastatic node. The second patient's ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT showed a suspicious 1 cm left inguinal node. Histologically, the suspicious lymph node was positive for SCCA as was a second positive 2 cm lymph node not identified on preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Clinical exam of this patient was negative. The third patient was ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and clinically negative but subsequently developed a palpable lymph node approximately 1 month later, which was suspicious on repeat ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and positive for SCCA on histological examination.Conclusions¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT has shown initial promise in the staging of penile SCCA. However, our review shows that false negative studies occur at alarmingly high rates, and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is poor in detection of micro-metastasis. Thus, close follow-up in these patients is imperative.     

淋巴瘤PET/CT最大标准摄取值与临床分期、病理分型及Ki-67表达相关性

目的探讨淋巴瘤18F-FDG PET/CT中最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)与临床分期、病理分型及Ki-67表达的相关性。方法回顾性分析135例经病理证实、18F-FDG PET/CT和Ki-67免疫组化资料完整的淋巴瘤患者,分析SUVmax与临床分期和Ki-67表达的相关性,比较不同病理分型淋巴瘤SUVmax差异,绘制ROC曲线,获得SUVmax诊断侵袭性淋巴瘤的界值。结果 SUVmax与淋巴瘤临床分期无相关(r=0.04,P=0.544)。霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤SUVmax分别为11.53±5.58和11.84±6.82(Z=-0.256,P=0.798);侵袭性淋巴瘤SUVmax(13.02±6.53)高于惰性淋巴瘤(6.81±5.71,Z=-4.226,P0.001);以SUVmax=8.4为预测侵袭性淋巴瘤的界值,其灵敏度和特异度分别为75.5%和77.3%。早期和晚期淋巴瘤SUVmax与Ki-67指数均呈正相关(r=0.44,P0.001;r=0.43,P=0.002)。结论淋巴瘤18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax与临床分期不相关,与Ki-67表达呈正相关,可预测侵袭性淋巴瘤。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在胆道系统恶性肿瘤中的应用

目的探讨~(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断胆道系统恶性肿瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析34例临床疑似胆道恶性肿瘤患者的PET/CT影像资料,均获得术后病理结果,其中12例经手术切除淋巴结或淋巴结穿刺活检对18枚淋巴结获得病理诊断;与病理结果对照,计算PET/CT对胆道恶性病变原发灶、淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率。结果 34例中,31例为恶性病变,3例为良性病变。PET/CT诊断胆道恶性肿瘤原发灶的灵敏度100%(31/31),特异度66.67%(2/3),阳性预测值96.88%(31/32),阴性预测值100%(2/2),准确率97.06%(33/34)。胆道恶性病变原发灶最大标准摄取值(SUV_(max))为8.42±4.27;3例胆道良性疾病SUV_(max)分别为12.90、2.00及1.90。共18枚淋巴结获得病理结果,包括转移性淋巴结13枚,良性增生5枚。PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的灵敏度76.92%(10/13),特异度60.00%(3/5),阳性预测值83.33%(10/12),阴性预测值50.00%(3/6),准确率72.22%(13/18)。结论 PET/CT对胆道系统恶性肿瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

Characteristics of Primary Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with False-Negative Findings on Initial 18F-FDG PET/CT

Background

We often observe that uptake of tracer is not detected in the primary cancer focus in patients with histologically proven papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on preoperative ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT). Therefore, we analyzed the clinical and pathologic variables affecting false-negative findings in primary tumors on preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 115 consecutive patients who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for initial evaluation and were diagnosed with PTC by postoperative permanent biopsy. The clinical and pathologic characteristics that influence the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings in these patients were analyzed with respect to the following variables: age, gender, tumor size, multifocality of the primary tumor, perithyroidal invasion, lymphovascular or capsular invasion, and central lymph node metastasis-based final pathology.

Results

Twenty-six (22.6%) patients had false-negative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings. In patients with negative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings, tumor size, and perithyroidal and lymphovascular invasion were significantly less than in patients with positive ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings. Tumors >1 cm in size were correlated with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT positivity. On multivariate analysis, perithyroidal invasion (P = 0.026, odds ratio = 7.714) and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.036, odds ratio = 3.500) were independent factors for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT positivity. However, there were no significant differences between ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT positivity and age, gender, capsular invasion, and central lymph node metastasis based on final pathology.

Conclusions

Tumor size and perithyroidal and lymphovascular invasion of papillary carcinoma can influence ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings. Absence of perithyroidal and lymphovascular invasion were independent variables for false-negative findings on initial ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in patients with PTC.     

What Is the Comparative Ability of 18F-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP Skeletal Scintigraphy,and Whole-body MRI as a Staging Investigation to Detect Skeletal Metastases in Patients with Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma?

BackgroundSkeletal metastases of bone sarcomas are indicators of poor prognosis. Various imaging modalities are available for their identification, which include bone scan, positron emission tomography/CT scan, MRI, and bone marrow aspiration/biopsy. However, there is considerable ambiguity regarding the best imaging modality to detect skeletal metastases. To date, we are not sure which of these investigations is best for screening of skeletal metastasis.Question/purposeWhich staging investigation—¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT), whole-body MRI, or ^99mTc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy—is best in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) in detecting skeletal metastases in patients with osteosarcoma and those with Ewing sarcoma?MethodsA prospective diagnostic study was performed among 54 of a total 66 consecutive osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma patients who presented between March 2018 and June 2019. The institutional review board approved the use of all three imaging modalities on each patient recruited for the study. Informed consent was obtained after thoroughly explaining the study to the patient or the patient’s parent/guardian. The patients were aged between 4 and 37 years, and their diagnoses were proven by histopathology. All patients underwent ^99mTc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, and whole-body MRI for the initial staging of skeletal metastases. The number and location of bone and bone marrow lesions diagnosed with each imaging modality were determined and compared with each other. Multidisciplinary team meetings were held to reach a consensus about the total number of metastases present in each patient, and this was considered the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of each imaging modality, along with their 95% confidence intervals, were generated by the software Stata SE v 15.1. Six of 24 patients in the osteosarcoma group had skeletal metastases, as did 8 of 30 patients in the Ewing sarcoma group. The median (range) follow-up for the study was 17 months (12 to 27 months). Although seven patients died before completing the minimum follow-up, no patients who survived were lost to follow-up.ResultsWith the number of patients available, we found no differences in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV among the three staging investigations in patients with osteosarcoma and in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Sensitivities to detect bone metastases for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, whole-body MRI, and ^99mTc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy were 100% (6 of 6 [95% CI 54% to 100%]), 83% (5 of 6 [95% CI 36% to 100%]), and 67% (4 of 6 [95% CI 22% to 96%]) and specificities were 100% (18 of 18 [95% CI 82% to 100%]), 94% (17 of 18 [95% CI 73% to 100%]), and 78% (14 of 18 [95% CI 52% to 94%]), respectively, in patients with osteosarcoma. In patients with Ewing sarcoma, sensitivities to detect bone metastases for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, whole-body MRI, and ^99mTc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy were 88% (7 of 8 [95% CI 47% to 100%]), 88% (7 of 8 [95% CI 47% to 100%]), and 50% (4 of 8 [95% CI 16% to 84%]) and specificities were 100% (22 of 22 [95% CI 85% to 100%]), 95% (21 of 22 [95% CI 77% to 100%]), and 95% (21 of 22 [95% CI 77% to 100%]), respectively. Further, the PPVs for detecting bone metastases for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, whole-body MRI, and ^99mTc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy were 100% (6 of 6 [95% CI 54% to 100%]), 83% (5 of 6 [95% CI 36% to 100%]), and 50% (4 of 8 [95% CI 16% to 84%]) and the NPVs were 100% (18 of 18 [95% CI 82% to 100%]), 94% (17 of 18 [95% CI 73% to 100%]), and 88% (14 of 16 [95% CI 62% to 98%]), respectively, in patients with osteosarcoma. Similarly, the PPVs for detecting bone metastases for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, whole-body MRI, and ^99mTc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy were 100% (7 of 7 [95% CI 59% to 100%]), 88% (7 of 8 [95% CI 50% to 98%]), and 80% (4 of 5 [95% CI 28% to 100%]), and the NPVs were 96% (22 of 23 [95% CI 78% to 100%]), 95% (21 of 22 [95% CI 77% to 99%]), and 84% (21 of 25 [95% CI 64% to 96%]), respectively, in patients with Ewing sarcoma. The confidence intervals around these values overlapped with each other, thus indicating no difference between them.ConclusionBased on these results, we could not demonstrate a difference in the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV between ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, whole-body MRI, and ^99mTc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy for detecting skeletal metastases in patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. For proper prognostication, a thorough metastatic workup is essential, which should include a highly sensitive investigation tool to detect skeletal metastases. However, our study findings suggest that there is no difference between these three imaging tools. Since this is a small group of patients in whom it is difficult to make broad recommendations, these findings may be confirmed by larger studies in the future.Level of EvidenceLevel II, diagnostic study.     

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is accurate for high-grade prostate cancer bone staging when compared to bone scintigraphy

IntroductionIn this study, we compared ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and bone scintigraphy accuracies for the detection of bone metastases for primary staging in high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) patients to determine if ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT could be used alone as a staging modality.MethodsMen with localized high-grade PCa (n=256, Gleason 8–10, International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grades 4 or 5) were imaged with bone scintigraphy and ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT. We compared, on a per-patient basis, the accuracy of the two imaging modalities, taking inter-modality agreement as the standard of truth (SOT).Results¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT detected at least one bone metastasis in 33 patients compared to only 26 with bone scan. Of the seven false-negative bone scintigraphies, four (57.1%) were solitary metastases (monometastatic), three (42.9%) were oligometastatic (2–4 lesions), and none were plurimetastatic (>4 lesions). Compared to SOT, ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT showed higher sensitivity and accuracy than bone scintigraphy (100% vs. 78.8%, and 98.7% vs. 98.2%) for the detection of skeletal lesions.Conclusions¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT appears similar or better than conventional bone scans to assess for bone metastases in patients newly diagnosed with high-grade PCa. Since intraprostatic FDG uptake is also a biomarker for failure of radical prostatectomy and that FDG-PET/CT has been shown to be accurate in detecting PCa lymph node metastasis, FDG-PET/CT has the potential to be used as the sole preoperative staging modality in high-grade PCa.     

18F-FDG PET/CT诊断腹膜后纤维化

目的探讨~(18 )F-FDG PET/CT诊断腹膜后纤维化(RPF)的价值。方法回顾性分析因RPF接受~(18 )F-FDG PET/CT检查的12例患者,分析其病灶形态、分布范围和葡萄糖代谢活性最大标准摄取比值(SUV_(max))。结果 12例患者中,7例为初诊患者,5例为治疗后患者。7例初诊RPF患者中4例为继发性,病因分别为IgG4相关疾病、乳腺癌和前列腺癌。12例患者均可见腹主动脉和/或髂血管旁软组织密度病灶,91.67%(11/12)患者可见输尿管受累。初诊RPF患者腹膜后病灶SUV_(max)(4.21±1.76)显著高于治疗后患者(1.46±0.25;P0.05)。依据PET/CT检查结果,3例有代谢活性病灶的特发RPF患者接受激素和/或他莫昔芬等免疫抑制治疗,4例具有活性病灶的继发RPF患者接受针对病因治疗;5例治疗后患者,3例继续当前激素维持剂量治疗,2例未接受其他治疗。结论 PET/CT可用于评价RPF病灶活性和分布范围。     

Dual-Time <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Initial Locoregional Staging of Breast Carcinoma: Comparison with Conventional Imaging and Pathological Prognostic Factors

The aims of this retrospective study were to consider the diagnostic role of dual-time ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) in detection of breast carcinoma and axillary lymph node (ALN) status and to evaluate the primary tumor ¹⁸F-FDG uptake pattern. Preoperative staging was performed by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in 78 female patients with breast carcinoma. Conventional imaging results were evaluated by breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 79 lesions in 78 patients, bilateral mammography (MMG) of 40 lesions in 40 patients, and breast ultrasonography (USG) of 47 lesions in 46 patients. The primary tumor detection rate using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was higher than those using MRI, USG, and MMG. The sensitivity and specificity of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans for detecting multifocality were higher than those of MRI. The specificity of ALN metastasis detection with MRI was higher than that with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, but ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity. Higher ¹⁸F-FDG uptake levels were detected in patients with ALN metastasis, histologic grade 3, estrogen–progesterone-negative receptor status, lymphatic invasion, and moderate to poor prognostic groups. There was no statistical difference for the retention index in categorical pathological parameters except for progesterone-negative status. In conclusion, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans may be a valuable imaging technique for evaluating primary tumor and axillary status in staging breast carcinoma and ¹⁸F-FDG uptake may be a prognostic factor that indicates aggressive tumor biology and poor prognosis. Dual-time imaging in breast carcinoma staging may not be used for predicting pathological criteria and the aggressiveness of primary lesions.     

Performance characteristics of 18F-fluciclovine positron emission tomography/computed tomography prior to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

IntroductionWe aimed to determine whether anti-1-amino-3-¹⁸F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (¹⁸F-fluciclovine) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can accurately detect residual non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) prior to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). There is no reliable way to differentiate between fibrosis/necrosis, teratoma, and viable germ cell tumor in patients receiving post-chemotherapy RPLND. Functional imaging, including ¹⁸F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT, has been disappointing. Due to the need for better imaging modalities, our prospective, pilot study aims to investigate the accuracy of ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET/CT in detecting residual tumor prior to RPLND.MethodsFrom March 2018 to May 2019, 10 eligible patients underwent preoperative ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET/CT prior to undergoing bilateral, full-template RPLND or excision of mass (for one re-do RPLND) in a prospective, phase 2 study. Correlation between ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET/CT and RPLND pathology were evaluated on a per-patient level.ResultsA total of 10 patients (mean age 29±7.6 years) underwent ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET/CT prior to surgery. Nine of 10 patients received chemotherapy prior to RPLND. Correlation between ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET/CT and RPLND pathology was seen in 3/10 (30%) patients. Five of 10 patients (50%) with negative ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET/CT were found to have residual disease/teratoma on RPLND. Compared to the reference standard of RPLND, ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET/CT demonstrated 29% sensitivity and 33% specificity. No patients experienced any adverse events due to ¹⁸F-fluciclovine PET/CT.ConclusionsDespite a different mechanism of action from ¹⁸F-FDG, ¹⁸F-fluciclovine has low sensitivity and specificity for residual teratoma in the retroperitoneum.